cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb gš Yvjq Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv AvšÍR vwzk kªg ms v, `k Kvh vjq, evsjv `k International Labour Organization

Transcription

1 Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh International Labour Organization cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb gš Yvjq Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv AvšÍR vwzk kªg ms v, `k Kvh vjq, evsjv `k

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3 Igv b Mg b Qz köwgkm Yi Rb cövk Awfevmb cöwk K cöwk Y g vbyqvj

4 MÖš ^Ë AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v 2014, cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk gš Yvjq Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv Bs iwr Z cö_g cökvkbv 2014 AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v KZ K cökvwkz MÖš mg~n Aek B AvšÍR vwzk MÖš ^Ë msweavb KZ K wba vwiz Ges cö UvKj 2 Gi AvIZvaxb Z_vwc Zv n Z DØ Z Ask AbygwZ QvovB Dc vcbxq kz _v K h, Drm D jøl Ki Z n e Ges cybtcökvk A_ev fvlvšíi Gi ^Ë vwakv ii Rb Aek B Av e`bcî `vwlj Ki Z n e, eivei AvBGjI cvewj Kkbm (AwaKvi I AbygwZ), AvšÍR vwzk kªg Awdm, CH 1211, R bfv 22 wksev pubdroit@ilo.org GB wvkvbvq AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v GB ai bi Av e`bcî K ^vmz Rvbvq cybg ỳ ªªY AwaKvi msmv bi mv _ wbewüz jvb eªix, cöwzôvb Ges Ab vb e envikvixiv jvb mý Abyhvqx GB ebwu Kwc Ki Z cvi eb Avcbvi ` k cybg ỳ ªªY AwaKvi msmvb Lyu R c Z wfwru Kiæb: cökvkbv Dcv Ë AvBGjIÕi ZvwjKvf~w³ ww m U Iqv K i Rb Awfevmb: Igv b Mg b Qz köwgkm Yi Rb cövk-awfevmb cöwk K cöwk Y g vbyqvj (evsjv ms iy) AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v, `k Kvh vjq, evsjv `k cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk gš Yvjq, XvKv, AvBGjI, 2014 ISBN: (print); (web pdf ) AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v, `k Kvh vjq, evsjv `k; cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk gš Yvjq AvšÍR vwzk Awfevmb/kªg Awfevmb/Awfevmx kªwgk/kv Ri cwi ek/awfevmb bxwz/ iwg UÝ/cÖwk Ki cöwk Y/ evsjv `k/igvb AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v, GgBWweøDIB I weggbwuõi cökvkbvmg~ n hme c` cwiwpwz e envi Kiv n q Q Zv RvwZms Ni mv _ Av`k MZ wg jib ewntcökvk K i Ges D jøwlz Z_ mg~n Kvb μ gb AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v, GgBWweøDIB I weggbwuõi gzvg Zi cöwzdjb K i bv gzvg Zi Rb Kej jlke ` `vqx Ges cökvkbvmg~ ni Rb AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v Revew`wnZv Ki Z eva bq DwjøwLZ cöwzôv bi bvgmg~n, evwbwr K cy mg~n Ges c wzmg~ ni cöwz AvšÍR vwzk kög ms v, GgBWweøDIB I weggbwuõi Kvbiƒc c evj ^b bvb Zgwb Ab vb Aby jøwlz cöwzôv bi bvgmg~n ev cy mg~ ni cöwz Dnv `i Abv vi ^v i enb K i bv h mkj mxgvbv, bvg I c`ex GB cökvkbvi gvbwp Î D jøl Av Q Zvi cöwz AvšÍR vwzk kög ms vi Kvbiƒc ^xk wz eysvq bv AvšÍR vwzk kög ms vi cökvkbvmg~n cöl vz eb we μzv wksev wewfbœ ` ki AvšÍR vwzk kªg ms vi vbxq Kvh vjq n Z msmön hv M A_ev mivmwi AvBGjI cvewj Kkbm&, AvšÍR vwzk kög Awdm, CH 1211, R bfv 22, mybrvij vû Awdm n Z msmön Kiv hv e Ges G wvkvbv _ K cökvkbvmg~ ni ZvwjKv webv e q msmön Kiv m e A_ev pubvente@ilo.org I qemvbu wfwru Kiæb: evsjv ` k gyw`ªz

5 cövwß ^xkvi AvšÍR vwzk kög evrv ii Ab Zg köwgk mieivnkvix `k wn m e evsjv `k AvR ^xk Z we ` k `, Avav` I ^í` Awfevmx köwgk cöiy Kej RvZxq Avq KB e w K iwb, e w³ I cwiev ii mvwe K DbœwZ Z ivl Q iæz c~y Ae`vb mvaviy evsjv `kx RbM Yi Kv Q kög Awfevmb GLb GKwU cig AvKvw LZ RxweKv M elyvq GKwU welq mȳ úó h `, ^í` wksev Avav` evsjv `kx RbM Yi g a Kv Ri D Ï k we ` k hvevi e vcv i Amxg AvMÖn _vk ji G wel q mwvk Ges cö qvrbxq Z_ mnrjf bq hvi d j GB m vebvgq LvZwU A bkuvb ga ^Z fvmx `vjvj I Ab vb e emvqx `i Øviv cöfvwez n Q kög Awfevm bi D Ï k we ` k hvevi cöv v j `vjv ji nv Z me ^ nviv bvi Kvwnbx cîcwîkv Ges M elyv jv Z cövqktb D V Avm Q A b KB Awfevmb Ki Z wm q gvbecvpv ii gz cwiw wz Z co Qb Gme _ K cwiîv Yi GKwUB Dcvq kög Awfevm b AvMÖnx RbM Yi gv S e vck m PZbZv m wó Kiv, kög Awfevm bi mwvk cš v I KiYxq m ú K Zv `i Rvbv bv Ges we ` k wm qi hb wedj bv nb m wel q Zv `i civgk `vb Kiv GB g vbyqvj jv Z AvšÍR vwzk kög Awfevmb I evsjv ` ki cö vcu; mv_ K I wbivc` Awfevm b mnvqzvkvix cöwzôvb jvi mv _ cwiwpwz; Awfevm bi Î Aek B KiYxq welqvejx; hvîv cö wz; wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I wbqgvejx; wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq; UªvbwRU/hvÎv weiwz I AvbyôvwbKZv; MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bv; MšÍe ` k Aew Z evsjv `k wgkb/`~zvev m wi cvu ; MšÍe `k K Rvbv; Awfevmx köwg Ki KvR m úwk Z welqvejx K Rvbv; bvix Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv; cyiæl Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv; Awfevmx köwg Ki e w³mz ^v I cwi vi-cwi QbœZv; Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvimg~n; AwaKvi j Nb, cözviyv I cöwzkvi; we `k _ K A_ cöiy I A_ e e vcbv Ges we `k _ K cöz vez b I cybev mb G mg Í welq jvi Dci wek`fv e Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q cyiæl I bvix köwgkm Yi wfbœ wfbœ cö qvrbxqzvi DciI Av jvkcvz Kiv n q Q GB cöwgz g vbyqvj jv cöyq bi Î bvbv ai bi Drm _ K Z_ I DcvË msmön Kiv n q Q G j Ab vb ms vi g vbyqv ji ch v jvpbv (weggbwu, AvBIGg, Iqviwe W fjc g U dvd Ûkb, wuwwgbp, evgmv, IKvc, ivgiæ); we `kx ms vi g vbyqv ji ch v jvpbv (gvb MÖkb dvivg Gwkqv, fvizxq mikvi, nsks kög Awa`ßi, wf ±vwiqv ivr mikvi); wewfbœ mikvwi ms vi I qe mvb Ui Z_ ch v jvpbv (weggbwu, KvZvi I Igv bi ciivóª/ ^ivóª gš Yvjq, AvBGjI); mswkøó `k jvi cöavb cöavb cwîkvi Av aq ch v jvpbv (UvBgm& Ae Igvb, gv vu WBjx, Avj RvwRiv, WBjx vi, ˆ`wbK cö_g Av jv); ivgiæ cwipvwjz Møvevj gvb MÖkb mv f (Global Migration Survey) M elyvi djvdj ch v jvpbv; 15 Rb we `k diz Awfevmx Kg x, cöwk K Ges we kl Ái mv vrkvi MÖnY; G cök íi Aax b MwVZ Kvi UKwbK vj MÖæc (wmwuwr)t cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb gš Yvjq, weggbwu, evqiv, wed, evgmv, eª vk, AvBGjI, AvBIGg, gvby li Rb dvd Ûkb, GbwmwmWweøDB, IKvc, BDGb DB gb, Iqviwe W fjc g U dvd Ûkb Ges Iqviwe cö`ë Z_ I Dcv Ëi we køly Kiv n q Q cöwgz g vbyqvj, cyw ÍKv Ges cöwk Y we K `ªxKiY cwikíbv cöyq b h mkj e w³, we klá, ms v, cöwzôvb bvbvbfv e mvnvh I mn hvwmzv K i Q, G cökí Zv `i Kv Q we klfv e K ZÁ Avgiv we klfv e ab ev` RvbvB G cök íi Kvi UKwbK vj MÖæc (wmwuwr)õi m`m `i hv `i mywpwšíz gzvgz _ K cökíwu bvbvfv e DcK Z n q Q Avgiv Av iv ab ev` Rvbv Z PvB ivgiæ, weggbwu I AvBGjIÕi mswkøó Kg KZ v `i, hviv AK vší cwikª gi gva g G cökíwu ev Íevq b iæz c~y f~wgkv i L Qb me k l Avgiv AvšÍwiKfv e K ZÁZv RvbvB mybm W fjc g U KvAcv ikb (GmwWwm) K, hvi Avw_ K mn hvwmzvq cökíwu ev Íevqb Kiv n q Q

6 Avgiv Avkv KiwQ, GB cöwgz g vbyqvj jv, cyw ÍKv jv Ges cöwk Y we K `ªxKiY cwikíbvwu evsjv `kx `i kög Awfevmb cöwμqv K wbivc` I mv_ K K i Zzj Z we kl f~wgkv ivl e W. Zvmwbg wmwïkx ivgiæ XvKv wek we` vjq emg kvgqzb bvnvi gnvcwipvjk (AwZwi³ mwpe) Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv wbkv Pxd& UKwbK vj GWfvBRvi AvšÍR vwzk kªg ms v (AvBGjI)

7 m~pxcî mkb GK: g vbyqvj wb ` wkkv I evsjv `k Awfevmb we køly Aa vq 1: g vbyqvj e env ii wb ` wkkv 7 Aa vq 2: AvšÍR vwzk kög Awfevmb I evsjv `k cö vcu 12 mkb `yb: Awfevmb wm vší I cö wz Aa vq 3: mv_ K I wbivc` Awfevm b mnvqzvkvix cöwzôvb jvi mv _ cwiwpwz 17 Aa vq 4: Awfevm bi Î Aek B KiYxq welqvejx 21 mkb wzb: ågy Aa vq 5: hvîv cö wz 30 Aa vq 6: wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I wbqgvejx 36 Aa vq 7: wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq 40 Aa vq 8: UªvbwRU/hvÎv weiwz I AvbyôvwbKZv 46 Aa vq 9: MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bv 49 mkb Pvi: MšÍe ` k köwg Ki RxebhvÎvi cö wz Aa vq 10: MšÍe ` k Aew Z evsjv `k wgkb/`~zvev m wi cvu 52 Aa vq 11: MšÍe `k K (Igvb) Rvbv 55 mkb cvup: MšÍe ` k köwg Ki PvKwi Rxeb Aa vq 12: Awfevmx köwg Ki KvR m úwk Z welqvejx K Rvbv 60 Aa vq 13: cyiæl Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv 66 Aa vq 14: bvix Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv 79 mkb Qq: MšÍe ` k köwg Ki ^v Aa vq 15: Awfevmx köwg Ki e w³mz ^v I cwi vi cwi QbœZv 91 mkb mvz: köwg Ki AwaKvi, cözviyv I cöwzkvi Aa vq 16: Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvimg~n 98 Aa vq 17: AwaKvi jsnb, cözviyv I cöwzkvi 104 mkb AvU: A_ cöiy I A_ e e vcbv Aa vq 18: we `k _ K A_ cöiy I A_ e e vcbv 110 mkb bq: cöz vez b I cybe vmb Aa vq 19: we `k _ K cöz vez b I cybe vmb 120 cwiwkó 1: evsjv, Aviwe Ges Bs iwr fvlvq wkqy cö qvrbxq kã Ges evk 125 cwiwkó 2: KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ªmg~ ni wvkvbv 136 cwiwkó 3: Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm (wwbggi) Gi ZvwjKv 138 cwiwkó 4: hšbevwnz ivm I GBPAvBwf m úwk Z mev I Z_ K `ªi ZvwjKv 141 cwiwkó 5: cöwk K cöwk Y (wuiwu) Kvm g~j vqb dg 144 v

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9 Aa vq: 1 g vbyqvj e env ii wb ` wkkv 1.1 g vbyqv ji j GB g vbyqv ji cöavb j n Q Igvb (ˆe `wkk) Kg ms v b AvMÖnx evsjv `kx `i Awfevmb wel q wm vší wb Z mvnvh Kiv, SuzwKgy³ Awfevmb cöwμqv m ú K mg K aviyv I Ab vb cö qvrbxq Z_ cö`v bi gva g GKRb Awfevmb B QzK Kg x K Awfevm bi Rb h_vh_fv e cö Z Kiv I mdj Awfevm b Drmvnx K i Zvjv 1.2 g vbyqv ji e envi mikvwi, Avav-miKvwi Ges emikvwi ms v/gbwri KZ K cwipvwjz cövk Awfevmb m PZbZvg~jK cöwk Y K `ªmg~ ni wbqwgz Kv m i mv _ e env ii Rb GB g vbyqvj mvrv bv n q Q we `k Mg b Qz bvix I cyiæl köwgkm Yi D Ï k GB g vbyqvjwu ˆZwi Kiv n q Q h nzz bvix I cyiælm Yi Kv Ri aiy wfbœ, ZvB cyiæl Kg x `i Kg Îi KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbvi Rb Aa vq 13 Ges bvix Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbvi Rb Aa vq 14 AšÍf ~³ Kiv n q Q bvix I cyiælkg xmy GKB ai bi ^v SuzwKi m ylxb nb Z_vwc bvixm Yi cörbb ^v m ú K we kl wkqz m PZbZv `ikvi ZvB Awfevmx köwg Ki e w³mz ^v I cwi vi cwi QbœZvi Aa v qi GKwU As k bvix köwgkm Yi cörbb ^v m ú K Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q cöwk K K ZvB cöwk Y AskMÖnYKvix `i cö qvrb ey S GB welq jvi Dci Av jvpbv Ki Z n e 1.3 g vbyqv ji welq/awa ekbmg~n G g vbyqvjwu Z wb gœv³ welq jv Av jvpbv Kiv n e: AvšÍR vwzk kög Awfevmb I evsjv ` ki cö vcu mv_ K I wbivc` Awfevm b mnvqzvkvix cöwzôvb jvi mv _ cwiwpwz Awfevm bi Î Aek B KiYxq welqvejx hvîv cö wz wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I wbqgvejx wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq UªvbwRU/hvÎv weiwz I AvbyôvwbKZv MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bv MšÍe ` k Aew Z evsjv `k wgkb/`~zvev m wi cvu MšÍe `k K (Igvb) Rvbv Awfevmx köwg Ki KvR m úwk Z welqvejx K Rvbv bvix Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv cyiæl Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv Awfevmx köwg Ki e w³mz ^v I cwi vi cwi QbœZv Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvimg~n AwaKvi j Nb, cözviyv I cöwzkvi we `k _ K A_ cöiy I A_ e e vcbv we `k _ K cöz vez b I cybe vmb 1

10 1.4 cöwzwu Aa v qi wewfbœ Ask GB wb ` wkkvq wzb _ K Pvi Kg Awa ek bi gva g cöwk Y m úbœ Kivi GKUv KvVv gv Dc vcb Kiv n q Q cwipvjbv Kivi myweav _ wøzxq _ K Ewbk cöwzwu Aa vq K K qkwu As k wef³ Kiv n q Q G jv n jv: K. Awa ek b AskMÖnYKvixMY hme welq Rvb Z cvi e L. Awa ek bi welq, c wz I DcKiY Ges mgq M. cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv Ges N. Awa ekb mnvwqkv cöwk Yv_ x `i wk Y c wz mâvj bi Rb cöwk K Dc ii av c D jøwlz DcKiY I mnvqk Dcv`vb wb q cö Z _vk eb Ges wb ` kbv Abyhvqx cöwzwu Awa ekb cwipvjbv Ki eb Awa ekb mnvwqkv Z cö`ë Dcv`vb mivmwi e envi bv K i m jv mnvqk welq wn m e DcKiY m wó, øøvbw ˆZix, w`k wb ` kbv A_ev n vû AvDU wn m e e envi Kiv DwPZ 1.5 g vbyqvj _ K Kviv DcK Z n eb h mkj evsjv `kx we ` k wewfbœ ai bi PvKwi wb q h Z Pvb Zv `i cöwk Y I Iwi q Ukb G g vbyqvjwu we klfv e Kv R jvm e mikvwi, Avav mikvwi Ges e mikvwi ms v/gbwri KZ K cwipvwjz cövk Awfevmb m PZbZvg~jK cöwk Y K `ªmg~ n, UKwbK vj Uªwbs m Uvi ev wuwuwm Z AwfevmbKvix e w³iv G g vbyqvj _ K Awfevmb wel q mvwe K GKwU aviyv cv eb 1.6 g vbyqv ji c wz g vbyqvjwu mvrv bv n q Q cövß eq `i K_v gv_vq i L AskMÖnYKvix `i AvMÖn evov bv, wbr ^ wpšívi gy³ e envi Ges wb Ri Ávb I AwfÁZv Ab `i mv _ fvmvfvwm Kivi Ges hv Z mnvqk f~wgkv cvjb Ki Z cv i m D Ï k g vbyqvjwu h_vm e mnr eva Kiv n q Q Z e, AskMÖnYKvix `i wk vmz hvm Zvi ZviZg f ` Ges `xn vqx djvd ji Rb wbgœœwjwlz welqmy jv cöwk K K j ivl Z n e Ges m Abyhvqx Awa ek bi DcKiY I c wz Z cwiez b wb q Avm Z n e: AskMÖnYg~jK cwi ek ˆZwi Kiv ZvwË K welq h_vm e ^í Av jvpbv Kiv ev Íe Rxeb _ K D`vniY e envi AwWI wfrÿ qvj DcKiY e envi Kiv KŠk j wfbœzv cö qvm Kiv 1.7 cöwk Ki ` Zv GB g vbyqvjwu cwipvjbvi Rb `yb ev Z ZvwaK cöwk Ki cö qvrb GKRb cöwk Ki c bqwu mkb avivevwnkfv e cwipvjbv Kiv kögmva Ges AskMÖnYKvixivI GK Nu qgxi wkkvi n Z cv ib cöwk Ki h ai bi ` Zv I gzv _vkv `ikvi: Awfevmb wel q mwvk aviyv cöwk Y c wz I DcKiY m ú K mg K aviyv 2

11 cöwz Awa ek bi ÿ Î wbw` ó mgqmxgv iÿv Kiv cöwk Yv_x `i cöwz bgª AvPiY I Zv `i gzvgz K iæz `Iqv cöwk Yi Rb cö qvrbxq hš cvwzi e envi Rvbv wbqgzvwš K I Kvh Kifv e Awa ekb cwikíbv Kiv AbvKvw LZ cwiw wz gvkv ejv Kiv ` Zvi mv _ cöwk Y g~j vqb Kiv cöwk Ki KvR 1. cöwk Y cwikíbv Ges cwipvjbv 2. Dc vcb 3. cöwk Y DcKiY e envi 4. cöwk Yi gvb wba viy 5. cöwk Yi g~j vqb (cwiwkó: 5 cöwk K cöwk Y (wuiwu) Kvm g~j vqb dg mshy³) GKRb ` cöwk K h welq jv wbwðz Ki eb cöwk Y Kvh μ gi ïiæ _ K kl ch ší Kg m~px wvk ivlv cöwk Y Kvh μ g cöwk Yv_ x `i AskMÖnY wbwðz Kiv wb R kvbv Ges Ab `i K AskMÖnY Kiv bv Ab `i gzvgz K m vb Kiv mgwómz Kv R AskMÖnY Kiv g bv hvmx niqv Ges Ab `i mn hvwmzv Kiv ev Íe ` Zv AR b Kiv 1.8 cöwk Y e eüz m ve DcKiY I hš cvwz IGBPwc øvbw cvóvi wd cpvu cviqvi c q U Dc vcb wfwwi wk c d vkkvw n vûavdu 1.9 g vbyqvj e env ii c~ e cöwk Ki KiYxq G g vbyqv ji mywbw` ó D Ïk, cö qvrbxq DcKiY I cöwk Y c wz m ú K we ÍvwiZfv e Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q hv Z ` cöwk KMY Zv `i wbr ^ m RbkxjZv, D ` vm I mwμq AskMÖn Yi gva g cöwk Yv_x `i gvb Abyhvqx cöwk Y Kvh μg cwipvjbv Ki Z cv ib g vbyqv ji m e v P e envi wbwðz Kivi Rb wb Pi welqmy jvi cöwz cöwk K Lqvj ivl eb: e env ii c~ e G g vbyqvjwu fvjfv e cov 3

12 mswkøó cvv jv fv jvfv e cov I ms kvab Kiv cö Z K Awa ekb cwipvjbvi c~ e cöwk Y Kvh μ g cö qvrbxq hš cvwz I DcKiY cö Z ivlv d vkkvw, ^ Q wku, øvbw, wfwwi Ges Ab vb `k b hvm mnvqk (wfrÿ qvj GBW) cö Z ivlv GKK I `jxq Kg cö Z ivlv Kg m úv` bi wmwwdj ˆZix Kiv I m Abyhvqx KvR Kiv g~j vqb mgqm~px ˆZwi Kiv `jmz KvR Ges GKK KvR Abyhvqx mgq fvm Kiv 1.10 cöwk Yi mgq cöwk Ki KiYxq mkj cöwk Yv_x K mggh v`v I iæz `qv cöwk Y mkbmg~n K mnr, AskMÖnYg~jK, AvKl Yxq I Avb `gq K i M o Zvjv eüzermj, cöz qx, mnr I nv m v¾ j _vkv cöwk Yv_x `i AvMÖn I gav Abyhvqx hlb hgb cö qvrb ZLb Zgwbfv e DÏxcbv e w Kivi e e v Kiv cö Z K mk bi mgqmxgv mwvkfv e g b Pjv cöwk Yv_x `i gzvg Zi iæz `Iqv cöwk Yv_ x `i cö qvrb I Aby iva hzuv m e i v Kiv cö_g Awa ek b AskMÖnYKvix `i cöz vkv I cö qvrb ey S m Abyhvqx g vbyqvj cybwe b vm Kiv cöwk Y k l cöwk Yv_ x `i w` q g~j vqb dg c~iy Kiv bv 1.11 bgybv wmwwdj/m~px cöwk K `i myweav _, GB wb ` wkkvwu Z wzb Kg Awa ek bi gva g cöwk Y m úbœ Kivi Rb GKwU bgybv wmwwdj/m~px cö`vb Kiv n jv Z e cöwk K cö qvr bi Dci wfwë K i GB wmwwd j cwiez b Avb Z cvi eb Igvb Mg b QzK köwgkm Yi Rb cövk Awfevmb cöwk K cöwk Y bgybv cöwk Y m~px mgq: 03 (wzb) w`b w`em/ ZvwiL 1g w`b mgq Av jvp welq 09:30 iwr óªkb 10:00 D Øvabx ce, cwiwpwz, cöwk Yi D Ïk I cöz vkv 11:00 Pv weiwz 11:30 AvšÍR vwzk kög Awfevmb I evsjv `k cö vcu 12:15 mdj Awfevmb I wbivc` Awfevmb wbwðz Ki Z mnvqzvkvix cöwzôvb jvi mv _ cwiwpwz 01:00 ga vý weiwz 02:00 Awfevm bi Rb Aek B KiYxq welqvejx 03:00 hvîv cö wz mnvqk 4

13 w`em/ ZvwiL 2q w`b 3q w`b mgq Av jvp welq 04:00 Pv weiwz 04:30 wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I wbqgvejx 05:00 w` bi ch v jvpbv 09:30 c~e w` bi Kvh μg g~j vqb I cybtðqb 10:00 wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq 11:30 Pv weiwz 11:00 UªvbwRU/hvÎv weiwz I AvbyôvwbKZv 11:30 MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bv 12:15 MšÍe ` k Aew Z evsjv `k wgkb/`~zvev m wi cvu 01:00 ga vý weiwz 02:00 MšÍe `k K (Igvb) Rvbv 03:00 Awfevmx köwg Ki KvR m úwk Z welqvejx K Rvbv 03:30 Pv weiwz 04:30 cyiæl Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv/gwnjv Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv 05:00 w` bi ch v jvpbv 09:30 c~e w` bi Kvh μg g~j vqb I cybtðqb 10:00 Awfevmx köwg Ki e w³mz ^v I cwi vi cwi QbœZv 10:45 Pv weiwz 11:15 Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvimg~n 12:15 AwaKvi j Nb, cözviyv I cöwzkvi 01:00 ga vý weiwz 02:00 we `k _ K A_ cöiy I A_ e e vcbv 02:45 we `k _ K cöz vez b I cybe vmb 03:30 Pv weiwz 04:30 cöwk Y g~j vqb I mgvcbx Awa ekb mnvqk 5

14

15 Aa vq: 2 AvšÍR vwzk kªg Awfevmb: evsjv `k cö vcu I mv_ K Awfevmb GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY cöwk Yi D Ïk ej Z cvi eb; G K A b vi mv _ cwiwpz n eb; Awfevmb I AvšÍR vwzk kªg Awfevm bi msáv ej Z cvi eb; Awfevm bi `k, cwimsl vb, ` Zvi gvîv I Awfevm bi gva g m ú K ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mdj Awfevmb Kivi Rb Kx Kx Kiv cö qvrb Ges mdj Awfevm bi Î evavmg~n wk m m ú K ej Z cvi eb; mgq: 1 N Uv 5 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq D Øvabx ce * iwr óªkb, D Øvab,cwiwPwZ * cöwk Yi D Ïk * cöwk bi wbqgkvbyb Abykxjb e³ Zv Rvov`j cö kœvëi iwr óªkb dg cvóvi, gvkv i 20 wgwbu cöwk Yi D Ïk cö`k b gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 5 wgwbu Awfevm bi msáv cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv cö`k b evw, gvk vi gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc 5 wgwbu evsjv ` ki Awfevmb m úwk Z Z_ mg~n cö kœvëi, evw, gvk vi 15 wgwbu mdj Awfevmb I mdj Awfevm bi Î evavmg~n Av jvpbv, cö`k b `jxq Av jvpbv cö`k b gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc cvóvi ccvi gvk vi, gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc 20 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i ^vmz Rvbvb cöwk Y Kvb EaŸ Zb Kg KZ v Dcw Z _vk j cö_ g ^vmz e³e w` Z ejyb Ges cöwk Yi D Øvabx NvlYv Ki Z ejyb AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvov ` j fvm K i GKRb Ab R bi cwipq Rvbvi Rb 3 wgwbu mgq w`b AZtci Rvov ` j mvg b GKRb Ab R bi cwipq w` Z ejyb me k l wb Ri I Av qvrk `i cwipq Zz j aiæb cöwk Yi D Ïk gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i mv _ Av jvpbvi gva g GKwU cvóvi ccv i cöwk Yi wbqgkvbyb wj L `qv j Uvw½ q ivlyb AskMÖnYKvix `i K g~j mk b Avgš Y Rvbvb cö_ g cökœ Kiæb Awfevmb m ú K Zviv K Kx Rv bb Zv `i DËi jv G K G K ev W wjlyb Ae k l gvwëwgwwqvi gva g Awfevm bi msáv cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYg~jKfv e evsjv ` ki AvšÍR vwzk Awfevmb m ú K Av jvpbv Kiæb AZtci gvwëwgwwqvi gva g evsjv `k _ K Awfevm bi cwimsl vb, ` Zvi gvîv I Awfevm bi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb 7

16 AskMÖnYKvix `i PviwU ` j fvm Kiæb `ywu `j K Awfevmb K mdj Kivi Rb Kx Kx Kiv cö qvrb Ges `ywu `j K mdj Awfevm bi Î evavmg~n Kx n Z cv i `jxqfv e Av jvpbv K i cvóvi ccv i wjl Z ejyb jlv kl n j `j _ K h Kvb GKRb K Dc vcb Ki Z ejyb me k l gvwëwgwwqvi gva g Awfevmb K mdj Kivi Rb KiYxqmg~n Ges mdj Awfevm bi Î evavmg~n cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ek b mnvwqkv cuf~wg: AvR Ki we k kög Awfevmb gvby li RxebhvÎv I A_ bwzk Kg KvÛ K mpj ivlvi Rb we kl f~wgkv cvjb K i Q evsjv ` ki mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk cö vc U kög Awfevmb GKwU iæz c~y f~wgkv ivl Q we ` k kög ißvbxi d j ` k μgea gvb ekvi Z i nvi Kg Q Ges mvgvwrk wbivcëv I w wzkxjzv wbwðz n Q we ` k Kg ms v bi d j kªwgk `i cwiev i ^ QjZv Ges mâq e w cv Q Awfevmx kªwgk `i ` Zv mivmwi A_ev c iv fv e ` ki Dbœq b mnvqzv Ki Q Awfevmx kªwgk I Zv `i cwiev ii Avw_ K ^ QjZv, ^v I wk v e w cv Q wkš `yf vm RbK n ji mwz h GKwU gybvdv jvfx Pμ we ` k KvR `Iqvi K_v e j Awfevm b B QzK bvix I cyiæl `i Awfevm b weåvší I wec`mö Ki Q ZvB kög Awfevm bi wm vší MÖn Yi I mv_ K Awfevm bi Rb wkqz gšwjk aviyv bqv Riæix 2.1 Awfevmb msáv mvaviyz Awfevmb ej Z Avgiv eyws KvR ev bzzb Avevm M o Zvjvi Rb gvby li GK vb _ K Ab v b hviqv hlb GKRb e w³ KvR Kievi D Ï k Zvi wbr ` ki mxgvbv AwZμg K i Ab ` k Mgb K i, ZLb Zv K AvšÍR vwzk kªg Awfevmb e j kög Awfevmx mvaviyz wbw` ó mg qi Rb Pzw³wfwËK we ` k hvb Ges gqv` k l wbr ` k wd i Av mb wbqwgz Awfevmx köwgk mb e w³, h Awfevmb ` ki mikv ii AbygwZ (wfmv) wb q wbw` ó A_ bwzk Kg KvÛ m úv`b Kivi Rb we ` k hvb AbygwZ bv wb q hviv Kv Ri D Ï k `k Z vm K ib Zv `i AwbqwgZ Awfevmx köwgk ejv nq Zviv cövqkb AmyweavRbK Ae vq KvR K i Ges MÖnYKvix ev cöiykvix ` ki mnvqzv _ K ewâz nb 2.2 cwimsl vb ez gvb cö vcu mvj ch ší mikvwi Z_ vbyhvqx cövq 23 j 78 nvrvi 136 Rb evsjv `kx Awfevmx köwgk PvKwi wb q we ` k M Qb ez gvb we ` ki kög evrv i bvix Awfevmx Kg xi Pvwn`v w`b w`b e w cv Q evsjv `k Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv (weggbwu) Gi Z_ Abyhvqx 1991 mvj _ K 2013 mvj ch ší bvix Awfevmx Kg xi msl v wqj 1 j 61 nvrvi 921 Rb ez gvb we k i 157 wu ` k evsjv ` ki Awfevmx köwgk PvKwi Ki Q mv ji g a cöevmx `i cöwiz iwg U Ýi cwigvy wewjqb gvwk b Wjvi 2.3 Awfevm bi `k evsjv ` ki köwgkiv g~jz ga cövp Ges `w Y-c~e Gwkqvi wkqz ` k Awfevmb K i _v K ga cöv P i `k jvi g a BDGB (mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ), mšw` Avie, KvZvi, wjweqv, Igvb, Kz qz, evnivbb Ges Gwkqvq gvj qwkqv, wm½vcyi I `w Y Kvwiqvq evsjv `kx köwg Ki AwaK Pvwn`v Av Q Awfevmx `i GKwU z`ª Ask BD ivc, Av gwikvmn cwðgv `k jv Z hvq, we kl K i mv úªwzk mg q BUvjx Z Rbkw³ ißvbx e o Q 1976 mvj _ K 2011 mvj ch ší 538,430 Rb evsjv `kx Kg x Igv b Kg ms vb jvf K i Q 8

17 2.4 ` Zvi gvîv ` Zv Abyhvqx weggbwu evsjv ` ki Awfevmx kªwgk `i Pvi fv M fvm K i Q: ckvrxex, `, Avav` Ges ^í` wb P Awfevmx köwg Ki aiy Ges D`vniY QK K i `qv n jv ïiæi w` K Awfevmx köwg Ki GKUv eo Ask wqj ` Ges ckvrxex 1990 Gi `k _ K Avav` Ges ^í` e w³ivb ewk hv Qb 2011 mv j gvu 5,68,062 Rb evsjv `kx K g i D Ï k we ` k hvb G `i g a gvu Awfevmxi gvî 0.21% ckvrxex, 40.34% `, 5.06% Avav` Avi 54.39% ^í` köwgk cök Zc, A` Kg xivb ^í` Kg x wn m e cwiwpz AvšÍR vwzk msávq GKRb Kg x b~ bzg Kv bv KvR m úv`b Ki Z m g n jb Zv K A` bv e j ^í` ejv nq Awfevmb K mdj Kivi Rb g~jz Avav` Avi ^í` köwgkm Yi DwPZ Awfevm bi wm vší MÖn Yi c~ e I Awfevm bi mg q Aek B cöwk Y MÖnY Kiv 2.5 Awfevm bi gva g evsjv ` k 900 Gi AwaK mikvi Aby gvw`z wiμywus G RwÝ Av Q hviv we ` k jvk cvwv q _v K Z e wewfbœ M elyvq `Lv M Q h, Awfevmx `i GKUv eo Ask vbxq `vjvj Ges mvgvwrk buiqv K i ga w` q Awfevmb K i _v K mvgvwrk buiqvk ej Z evsvq we ` k Kg iz AvZ xq ^Rb, eüzevüe, cöwz ekx Ges cwiwpz `i buiqvk `vjv ji gva g Awfevmb Ki Z wm q A bk evsjv `kxb cözviyvi wkkvi nb 2.6 mv_ K kªg Awfevmb m ú K aviyv Awfevm bi Ab Zg j n Q e w³i Av_ mvgvwrk Ae vi I RxebhvÎvi gv bi Dbœqb mvab Kiv GB j AR bi Rb hv hv Ki Z n e: h KvR wb q we ` k hv Q mb Kv Ri cök wz I aib m ú K MšÍe ` k hviqvi c~ e h_vh_ aviyv _vkv cö qvrb Ges GKB m ½ H Kv Ri cöwz AvMÖn I cölyv _vkv cö qvrb MšÍe ` k cušqv bvi ci ` Zvi mv _ Zvi Dci Awc Z `vwqz h_vhzfv e ` Zvi mv _ cvjb Ki Z n e wb Ri ` Zv K kvwbz Ges e w Ki Z n e PvKwi`vZvi m ½ fv jv m úk ˆZix Ki Z n e PvKwi`vZvi mv _ h_vh_ AvPvi AvPiY cö`k b Ki Z n e MšÍe ` ki AvBb k Ljv I ms wzi cöwz m vb cö`k b Ki Z n e Ges g b Pj Z n e MšÍe ` k Acivag~jK, A ea I AmvgvwRK Kvh μ g AšÍf ~³ niqv hv ebv köwg Ki ` Zv KvR 1. ` cöwμqvkiy wk íi Kv R wb qvwrz, Mv g Um Kg x, gkvwbk, WªvBfvi I fvwi hš Acv iui 2. Avav` `wr, ^í ` Zvm úbœ wbg vy Kg x, nvjkv hš Acv iuvi 3. A` ev ^í` M nkg x, cwi QbœZv Kg x, gvwj, K wl köwgk, glcvjk Ges Ab vb KvwqK köwgk 4. ckvrxex Wv³vi, cö KŠkjx, bvm Ges wk K AwR Z UvKv h_vh_fv e mâq I wewb qvm Ki Z n e cöwk Yi gva g ` Zv AR b K i Awfevmb Ki Z n e we ` ki kögevrv i evsjv `kx Kgx i we kl Pvwn`v _vkvq evsjv ` ki gz `k _ K we ` k PvKwi wb q A bk köwgk Awfevmb Ki ji AwaKvsk Î Zviv AwZ mvgvb hvm Zv/` Zv AR b K i A_ev G Kev ib A` n q Awfevmb Ki Q ` Zvi 9

18 Afv e Ges AÁZvi Kvi Y Zviv Ace envi I wbh vz bi wkkvi n Q GKUz m PZb n jb GB Ace envi jv iva Kiv m e AwaK ` Zv I cö wz Zv `i AvZ wek vm evov Z mvnvh Ki e Ges h Kvb gvbevwakvi jsnb I Ace env ii weiæ jo Z Zv `i mvnmx Ki e 2.7 mv_ K kªg Awfevm bi Î evav/cöwzeükzv mv_ K kög Awfevm bi Î wb gœv³ welqvejx K wewfbœ M elyv Z cöwzeükzv wnmv e wpwýz Kiv n q Q: AwZwi³ Awfevm bi LiP, Ach vß cöwk Y Ges fvlvmz ` Zvi Afve; MšÍe ` ki wegvbe `i _ K cvwj q hviqv; PvKwi`vZvi Ni _ K cvwj q hviqv; M ncxov; hšbevwnz ivm I Mf aviy m úwk Z Z_ vw` Mvcb Kiv; Kv Ri cöwz Abxnv, Am PZbZv I AeÁv; MšÍe ` k Acivag~jK, A ea I AmvgvwRK Kvh μ g AšÍf~ ³ niqv; PvKwi`vZvi cöwz h_vh_ AvPvi-AvPiY cö`k b bv Kiv; cwi vi cwi Qbœ bv _vkv 2.8 Igvb Avm Z AvMÖnx evsjv `kx kªwgk `i m e vcwi g b ivl Z n e evsjv `k mikvi Igvb AvMÖnx evsjv `kx köwgk `i m e vcwi wbgœwjwlz welq g b Pj Z Aby iva Rvbvq: Igvb Avmvi Rb cöevmx Kj vy e vsk Gi FY mnvqzv wbb cözvik/`vjv ji Là i c o AwZwi³ Li P we ` k Avm eb bv Avcbvi bvg b vkbvj WvUv e R AšÍf~ ³ Kiæb BDwbqb Z_ mev K `ªi mvnvh wbb we `k hviqvi c~ e cö qvrbxq cöwk Y wbb Igv b PvKwi/Kv Ri ezb fvzv I Ab vb my hvm myweav m ú K fvjfv e R b ï b we ` k Avmyb mikvi wba vwiz G RwÝ A_ev ev q m ji gva g ˆea c _ we ` k Avmyb Aviwe I Bs iwr fvlvq fve cökv ki Rb K qkwu mvaviy evk wk L wbb we ` k Avmvi Rb cöevmx Kj vy gš Yvjq, weggbwu, Rjv Kg ms vb Awd m hvm hvm K i cö qvrbxq Z_ R b wbb we ` k Avmvi Av M AvZ xq ^Rb `i Uwj dvb bv ^vi mv _ ivlyb g b ivl eb Igvb _ K Kvb wd«wfmv Bmÿ Kiv nq bv 10

19 Aa vq: 3 wbivc` Awfevm b mnvqzvkvix cöwzôvb jvi mv _ cwiwpwz GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY Awfevm bi mv _ m ú ³ wewfbœ cöwzôvb Ges Zv `i `vwqz I KZ e m ú K ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 10 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq Awfevm bi mv _ m ú ³ mikvwi I emikvwi ms v cwiwpwz cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv cö`k b evw, gvk vi gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 10 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i K cökœ Kiæb Awfevm bi mv _ m ú ³ mikvwi I emikvwi ms v Awfevmb m ú K Zviv K Kx Rv bb Zv `i DËi jv ïbyb AZtci gvwëwgwwqvi gva g Awfevm bi mv _ m ú ³ mikvwi I emikvwi ms vmg~ ni bvg I Kvh μgmg~n cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: wbivc` Awfevmb wbwðz Ki Z n j Awfevm b AvMÖnx e w³i Awfevmb cöwμqv Ges Gi mv _ mswkøó ˆea cöwzôvb I e w³ `i wp b biqvuv Riæix GB cwiwpwz GKRb Awfevm b QzK köwgk K myk Ljfv e cö Z Ki Z mnvqzv Ki e 3. Awfevmb cöwμqvi mv _ hy³ cöwzôvb evsjv ` k kög Awfevmb cöwμqvki Yi Rb mv _ m ú ³ h mg Í mikvwi, emikvwi cöwzôvb I e w³ RwoZ, Zv n jv: 1. Rbkw³, Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv (weggbwu) 2. evsjv `k ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb I mvwf mm wj: ( ev q mj) 3. jvb mýavix cövb fu wiμzwus G RwÝ 4. KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª Ges 5. wewfbœ emikvwi cöwzôvb I GbwRI, hviv wbivc` Awfevm bi Rb cöwk Y Kvm cwipvjbv K i 6. GQvovI i q Q we ` k Kg iz eüzevüe I AvZ xq ^Rb 11

20 3.1 Rbkw³, Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv (weggbwu) ` ki ` Rbkw³ K mwvkfv e evrv i MÖnY hvm I ` Zvi mv _ Zz j aivi Rb 1976 mv j Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv (weggbwu) cöwzwôz nq ˆe `wkk PvKwi Z Mg b Qy cö Z K evsjv `kx Kgx i Rb we `k hvîvi c~ e weggbwu cö`ë wbqgkvbyb g b ˆea KvMRcÎ ˆZix I cöwμqvki Yi gva g we `k h Z n e ˆe `wkk PvKwii Rb mev cö`vb QvovI Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv we ` k PvKwii evrvi hvpvb K i Mg b Qy Kgx `i Rb wewfbœ cöwk Yi e e v K i _v K g~j AwdmwU XvKvi K `ª j KvKivB j Aew Z; XvKvi evb i AviI 42wU Rjvq Rbkw³ I Kg ms vb Awdm ev wwbggi Av Q (cwiwkó-3) Awfevm b AvMÖnx e w³ K wbku wwbggi Awd mi gva g weggbwui WvUv e R iwr óªkb Ki Z n e wpî 1: weggbwu feb GQvov weggbwu h KvR jv K i Zv n jv: 1. we `kmvgx Kgx `i bvg WvUv e R AšÍf~ w³kiy Ges ˆea wfmvcövß `i ewnm gb QvocÎ `qv 2. wiμzwus G RwÝ jvi jvb mý wbqš Y Kiv, Awfevm bi c~ e wk qv iý ev AbygwZ `qv BZ vw` wvkvbv Rbkw³, Kg ms vb I cöwkÿy eÿ iv (weggbwu) 89/2, KvKivBj, XvKv dvb : , I qe : B gbj : bmet@bmet.org.bd 3.2 evsjv `k ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb I mvwf mm wj: ( ev q mj) evsjv `k mikvi 1984 mv j Bangladesh Overseas Employment Services Ltd. (BOESL) bv g GKwU mikvwi wiμzwus G RwÝ cöwzôv K i ev q mj mikvwi ch v q we ` k Kg x cöiy K i GKwU g Wj cöwzôvb wn m e Rbkw³ m±i K cwiwpz Kiv Ges emikvwi wiμzwus G RwÝ jv Z mȳ cöwz hvwmzv ervq ivl Z mikvi GB c` c MÖnY K i ev q mj ` I ckvrxex Awfevmx `i Awfevm b we kl Ái KvR K i M o ev q mj 2000 ` köwgk I ckvrxexi we ` k Kg ms v bi K i, ev q mj Rbkw³i WvUv er ˆZix Ges i Yv e Y K i wvkvbv: evsjv `k Ifvimxm Ggcøq g U GÛ mvwf mm wjwg UW ( ev q mj) cöevmx Kj vy feb (5g Zjv), 91/72, cyivzb Gwjd v U ivw, B vub, XvKv dvb : , d v : , I qe cr : 12

21 3.3 emikvwi wiμzwus G RwÝmg~n emikvwi ch v q ek wkqz wiμywus (992 wu jvb mýcövß wiμywus G RwÝ) G RwÝ we ` k Kg x cöiy K i evsjv `k emikvwi wiμzwus G RwÝmg~ ni G mvwm qkb (evqiv), Bangladesh Association of International Recruitment Agencies (BAIRA) GB mkj emikvwi G RwÝmg~n K cöwzwbwaz K i weggbwuõi gva g kög Kj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb gš Yvj qi Aax b evqiv G ch ší 831 wu emikvwi wiμzwus G RwÝ K jvb mý cö`vb K i Q 27 m` m i GKwU Gw wkdwuf KwgwU 2 eq ii Rb wbe vwpz n q GwU cwipvjbv K i _v K evqiv we ` k Kg ms v bi my hvm cix v K i Ges mikvwi cöwzôvbmg~ ni mnvqzvq KvR K i _v K jvb mýcövß wiμzwus G RwÝB ˆeafv e we ` k jvk cvvv Z cv i GRb Zv `i mvwf m PvR cö`vb Ki Z nq g b ivl Z n e Kvb Ae v ZB wiμzwus G RwÝ K AMÖxg UvKv cö`vb Kiv DwPZ bq webv iwk ` UvKv jb `b Kiv AZ ší SzuwKc~Y Kvb mve G R U ev `vjv ji mv _I A_ jb `b Kiv SzuwKc~Y UvKv Rgv `evi ci Aek B UvKv cö`v bi iwk` ey S wb Z n e Ges `ybrb wek Í mv xi ^v i wb Z n e UvKvi iwk ` H wiμzwus G RwÝi jvb mý bv ^vi I wvkvbv `qv Av Q wkbv Zv Aek B ` L wb Z n e mikvwi D ` v M gvj qwkqv h Z wu KUmn me gvu 40,000 (Pwjøk nvrvi) UvKv I ga cöv P h Z 84,000 (Pzivwk nvrvi) UvKv mikvwifv e avh Kiv n q Q bvix Kgx `i Î ga cöv P h Z 20,000 (wek nvrvi) UvKv jv M we `k hviqvi c~ e G RwÝi KvQ _ K cvm cvu, wfmv, weggbwui QvocÎ, vu KvW, wu KU, UvKv cö`v bi iwk`, PvKwii Pzw³cÎ BZ vw` Aek B ey S wb Z n e wvkvbv evsjv `k G mvwm qkb Ad B Uvib vkbvj wiμzwus G RwÝ (evqiv) evqiv feb, 130, wbd B vub ivw, XvKv-1000 dvb : , , d v : I qe cr : KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª `k I we ` k ` Rbkw³i Pvwn`v gv_vq i L evsjv ` k mikvwi I emikvwi chv q A bk wel q KvwiMwi cöwk Y `Iqv nq evsjv ` ki wewfbœ Rjvq gvu 38wU mikvwi KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª (wuwuwm) i q Q (cwiwkó 2) GB wuwuwm jv Z wbg vb KvR, WªvBwfs, ˆe`ÿ wzk miävg givgzmn wewfbœ cökvi Kv Ri cöwk Y `qv nq Kv m i gqv` 2 mßvn _ K 6 gvm Gme cöwk Yi mvwu wd KU _vk j köwgk wn m e ` g b Kiv nq A` köwg Ki Dci h jwf aiv Av Q, ` n j m jwf cö hvr n e bv M nkg x `i we ` k h Z AvMÖnx bvixiv weggbwu _ K cöwk Y wb Z cv ib 3.5 I qr Avb vm Kj vy evw Awfevmx köwg Ki Kj vy msμvší mev wbwðz I e w Kivi j evsjv `k mikvi 1990 mv j I qr Avb vm Kj vy evw Pvjy K i AvšÍtgš Yvjq cöwzwbwai mgš^ q Gi cwipvjbv cl ` MwVZ, hv ev W i Znwej cwipvjbv K i _v K 13

22 I qr Avb vm Kj vy ev W i g~j Kvh vejxmg~n we ` k Kg iz Ae vq Awfevmx köwgk gviv M j Zv `i we `k _ K ` k wdwi q Avbvi e e v Kiv g Z köwgk `i `vd bi Rb wzbwu wegvbe ` i (nhiz kvnrvjvj AvšÍR vwzk wegvbe `i, XvKv, nhiz kvn AvgvbZ AvšÍRv wzk wegvbe `i, PÆMÖvg Ges Imgvbx AvšÍR vwzk wegvbe `i, wm ju) cö Z K g Z ` ni Rb 35,000/- UvKvi PK cö`vb Kiv wzc~iy wn m e g Z köwg Ki cwievi K 3 j UvKv cö`vb Kiv g Z köwg Ki cvibv ezb, exgvi UvKv cwi kv ai e e v Kiv cxwoz ev wec`mö Awfevmx köwgk `i AvBbx I Ab vb mnvqzv cö`vb Kiv `yn Ubvi wkkvi ev Amȳ köwgk K Avw_ K mnvqzv cö`vb Kiv köwgk `i gavex mšívb `i e wë cö`vb Kiv wzbwu iæz c~y wegvbe ` i (nhiz kvnrvjvj AvšÍR vwzk wegvbe `i, XvKv, nhiz kvn AvgvbZ AvšÍRv wzk wegvbe `i, PÆMÖvg Ges Imgvbx AvšÍR vwzk wegvbe `i, wm ju) cöevmx Kj vy W vcb Kiv cöev m wbwe Nœ Kv Ri Rb ˆZixK Z Ô vu KvW Õ Gi mv _ cwiwpzkiy we ` k h Z B QzK köwgk `i cövk ewnm gb msμvší wb ` kbv cö`vb weggbwuõi cöwk Y K `ª köwg Ki ewnm g bi c~ e Kv Ri aib, SuywK, ezb, Pzw³, A_ e e vcbv, MšÍe ` ki AvBb, AvenvIqv BZ vw` wel q köwgk `i cöwk Y cö`vb K i _v K AbjvBb iwr óªkb, AvOz ji Qvc, W gv iwr óªkb, Kj vy wd welqk Z_ ev DcvË msi Y wpî 2: cöevmx Kj vy W 14

23 Aa vq: 4 Awfevm bi ÿ Î Aek B KiYxq welqvejx Awfevm bi Rb Aek B KiYxq welqvejx GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY Awfevm bi Rb weggbwu Z iwr óªkb Kivi wbqgvejx ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; we ` k hvevi cö wz wn m e åg Yi cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ ˆea cvm cvu, wfmv, IqvK cviwgu Ges Ab vb cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ msmön Kivi Z_ vw` wek`fv e e vl v Ki Z cvi eb; Awfevm bi Rb ^v cix v I gww Kj mvwu wd KU msmö ni c wz ej Z cvi eb; Awfevm bi Rb wegv bi wuwku msmön Kivi wbqg ej Z cvi eb; mgq: 1 N Uv welq c wz DcKib mgq Awfevm bi Rb weggbwu Z iwr óªkb e³ Zv, Av jvpbv, cö`k b gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc evw, gvkv i 10 wgwbu cvm cvu, wfmv, Pzw³cÎ cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, n vûavdu 15 wgwbu cö`k b bgybv cvm cvu, bgybv wfmv, bgybv Pzw³cÎ Awfevm bi Rb ^v cix v cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, n vûavdu 15 wgwbu Kiv bv m ú K avibv `qv cö`k b ewnm gb QvocÎ I weªwds MÖnY m ú K avibv e³ Zv, Av jvpbv, cö`k b gvwëwgwwqv, bgybv QvocÎ/ vu KvW 10 wgwbu wegvb wu KU msmö ni wbqg e³ Zv, Av jvpbv, cö`k b gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 10 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i ï f Qv Rvbvb AZtci cökœ Kiæb weggbwu I W gv Z iwr óªkb Kivi AwfÁZv Kv iv Av Q wkbv? hw` _v K mvg b G m ej Z ejyb hw` bv _v K Z e iwr óªkb Kivi wbqgvejx I myweavmg~n gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb cvm cvu I wfmv ˆZwii cöwμqv m ú K Kv iv Kvb AwfÁZv Av Q wkbv? hw` _v K Z e GKRb K ej Z ejyb hw` bv _v K Z e wfmv msmön Kivi wbqg, Igv bi wfmv, PvKwii Pzw³cÎ gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb Zviv c~ e KD ^v cix v Kwi q Qb wkbv? hw` K i _v K Z e GKRb K ^v cix v Kv_vq wkfv e Ki Z nq ej Z ejyb AZtci gvwëwgwwqvi gva g ^v cix v Kivi wbqgvejx cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb gww Kj cix vi Rb Aby gvw`z gww Kj m Uv ii wvkvbv m ^wjz n vûavdu weziy Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i g a hw` Kvb wd i Avmv Awfevmx _v K Z e Zv K weggbwui ewnm gb QvocÎ Ges Zv msmö ni c wz m ú K Zvi AwfÁZv ej Z ejyb ejv kl n j GKwU bgybv ewnmg b QvocÎ Zv `i mvg b Dc vcb Kiæb Gici weggbwui weªwds Kx, Kb Ges Kv_v _ K wb Z n e m welqwu gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb 15

24 AskMÖnYKvix `i K wegv bi wuwku msmö ni Rb KiYxqmg~n gvwëwgwwqvi gva g Awfevmb cöwμqv cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: jvf wz wepvi K i we ` k hvevi wm vší MÖn Yi ci me P q iæz c~y h welqwu P j Av m Zv n jv weggbwu Z iwr óªkb I cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ cö Z Kiv we `k ågykv j cvm cvu ˆZix, wfmv msmön, weggbwu QvocÎ bqvmn Av iv wkqy iæz c~y KvR m úbœ Ki Z nq h köwgkmy we ` k PvKwi wb q hv eb Zviv e w³mz D ` v M cöz fv e G mkj KvR m úbœ Kiv AZ ší iæz c~y `vjvj ev Aci Kvb e w³ ev cöwzôv bi gva g iæz c~y KvMRcÎ ˆZix Ki j Zv Z hw` Kvb fyj n q hvq, ciezx Z Gi djvdj wn m e Zvi we `k hviqvi Î bvbv ikg SzuwKi m wó n Z cv i hgb: ågy AvU K h Z cv i, wejw ^Z n Z cv i, GgbwK Avw_ Kfv e eo ai bi wz n Z cv i 4.1 weggbwu ev wwbggi Z (DEMO) iwr óªkb Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv (weggbwu) we `k Mg b QzK köwgk `i bvg WvUv e R AšÍf ~w³kiy Ges ˆea wfmvcövß `i ewnm gb QvocÎ w` q _v K Awfevm b AvMÖnx e w³ K weggbwu g~j Awdm wksev wbku wwbggi Awd mi gva g weggbwui WvUv e R iwr óªkb Ki Z n e weggbwu iwr óªk bi Rb hv hv KiYxq weggbwu iwr óªkb dg (webvg~ j cviqv hv e) c~iy Kiv 2 Kwc cvm cvu mvb Ri Qwe vbxq BDwbqb Pqvig vb/ cšimfv Pqvig vb/iqvw Kwgkbv ii `qv bvmwik Z i mb`cî weggbwuõi gnvcwipvjk eivei 150 UvKvi e vsk WªvdU ev c AW vi cöiy mkj mb`c Îi ( hgb: wk v, cöwk Y, Kv Ri AwfÁZv BZ vw`i) mz vwqz d UvKwc cvm cv U i cö_g 5 c ôvi d UvKwc wpî 3: iwr óªkb d g i bgybv weggbwu iwr óªkb Ki j h h myweav cviqv hvq h wiμzwus G RwÝi gva g Awfev m hv Qb, Zv ˆea wkbv ev h IqvK cviwgu wb q hv Qb Zv Avmj wkbv Zv Awfevmx I Zvi cwievi hvpvb Ki Z cvi eb Kvb G RwÝ cözviyv Ki j cözvwiz e w³ weggbwuõi kög Av`vj ZI wepvi PvB Z cvi eb Awfevmx cövk ewnm gb Kg kvjvq AskMÖnY Ki Z cvi eb XvKv, PÆMÖvg I wm ju AvšÍR vwzk wegvb e ` i Aew Z cöevmx Kj vy W _ K Awfevmx Awfevmb msμvší mvnvh cv eb h Kvb Awfevmx köwgk we ` k _vkv Ae vq Kvb Kvi Y R j M j evsjv `k wgkb _ K wzwb AvBbx mn hvwmzv cv eb 16

25 we ` k Ae v bi mgq Awfevmxi g Zÿ n j Zvi cwievi Avw_ K mnvqzv jvf Ki e Awfevmx köwg Ki g Z `n ` k diz Avbvi e e v I klk Z i LiP weggbwu enb Ki e 4.2 wfmv Kx Ges Kb cö qvrb wfmv n jv Kvb ` k A vqxfv e emev mi AbygwZ ^iƒc mb ` ki Bwg MÖkb KZ K cö`ë AbygwZcÎ hv cvm cv U i Ici we kl cöwμqvq wmj wn m e `qv _v K wfmv Qvov Kvb ` k ˆeafv e cö ek Kiv hvq bv Awfevmx kªwgk wn m e KvR Ki Z M j cvm cv U Aek B Ggcøq g U (Kg msμvší) wfmv hy³ Ki Z n e wpî 4: wfmvi bgybv fyqv wfmv/rvj wfmv fyqv ev Rvj wfmvq `k Z v Mi Póv Ki j wegvbe `i Bwg MÖkb KZ c KZ K AvUK I AvBbf ½i Rb wepvi I kvw Íi gy LvgywL n Z n e Bwg MÖkb AwZμg Ki Z cvi ji we ` k cušqv bvi ci we ` ki wegvbe `i KZ c i nv Z AvUK Ges KvivMv i cöwiz n Z cv ib G Î `xn gqvw` Rj n Z cv i Ges ` k wd i Avm ji AvB bi gy LvgywL n Z nq fyqv wfmv wb q Kv iv c B mdj Awfevm bi gva g Awfevm bi LiP Zy j Avbv m e bq 4.3 Ôwd«wfmvÕ Kvb Ae vq Ôwd«wfmvÕ wb q we `k hviqv DwPZ bq Ôwd«wfmvÕ e j Kvb ai bi wfmv bb Z_vKw_Z Ôwd«wfmvÕ wb q we `k M j cywjk/pvkwi`vzvi Øviv wewfbœ ai bi mgm v I nqivwbi wkkvi n Z nq PvKwi`vZv ej Z cv i köwgk Zvi Kg j _ K cvwj q wm q Q Igvb hviqvi Rb Li Pi Kvb AvbyôvwbK nvi wba viy evsjv `k mikv ii c _ K bb ewki fvm gvbyl hvq wiμzwus G RwÝi gva g A_ev Kv bv AvZ x qi cvvv bv wfmvi gva g wd«wfmv e j Igv bi AvB b Kv bv wfmv bb wkqz wkqz Kvwdj Av Q hviv wd«wfmvi bv g evsjv `kx `vjvj `i mv _ e emv K i G Z K i Kv bv KvR cviqvi wbðqzv bb, Z e cöwz eqi A bk UvKv LiP K i Pyw³ bevqb Ki Z nq, bevqb bv Ki j cywjk ai j KD wbðqzv `q bv, eq ii ci eqi R j _vk Z nq GBfv e we ` k hviqvi d j A bk evsjv `kx köwgk we ` k wm qi ekvi e m _v Kb G `i g a nzvkv ˆZix nq, d j Zviv gv`k MÖnYmn wewfbœ A bwzk Kv R Rwo q c o 17

26 4.4 wfmv msmön/μq Kievi mgq KiYxq jvb mýcövß ˆea wiμzwus G RwÝi gva g we ` k hvevi KvR m úbœ Ki Z n e mikv ii ZvwjKvf~³ G RwÝ Qvov Ab Kv bv G RwÝi gva g hviqv hv e bv Kv bv `vjvj ev mve G R Ui mvnvh wb j jvb mýcövß wiμzwus G RwÝi mv _ Zv `i m úk hvpvb Ki Z n e AvZ xq cwir bi KvQ _ K wfmv msmön Ki j Zv mwvk wkbv weggbwu/ wwbggi Awdm _ K hvpvb K i wb Z n e mswkøó ` ki `~Zvev mi gva g Awfevm b QzK e w³ wb RB wfmv hvpvb Ki Z cv ib Bs iwr Qvov Ab Kvb fvlvq wfmv n q _vk j Abyev` Ki mvnvh wb Z n e AvZ xq-cwirb n Z wfmv wb q weggbwu K cvk KvwU q Awfevmb Kiv DwPZ bv D³ wfmvi wfwë Z weggbwuõi QvocÎ wb Z n e g b ivl Z n e, weggbwuõi QvocÎ ev vu KvW Qvov Awfevmb Ki j Awfevmx köwgk A ea wn m e wpwýz n Z cv ib GQvovI weggbwuõi QvocÎ wb q we `k M j Awfevmx köwgk hw` Kv bv cözviyvi wkkvi nq Z e weggbwu Zv K mvnvh K i KD RvwjqvwZ ev cözviyv Ki j weggbwu, wwbggi Ges Awfevmb msμvší we kl Kv U wepvi cviqv hvq RvwjqvwZi weiæ wμwgbvj Kv U I wepvi PvIqv m e cöwzwu UvKv cqmv jb ` bi mgq wiμzwus G RwÝi jvb mý I dvb b ^i m ^wjz iwk` MÖnY Ki Z n e m e n j jb ` bi mgq GK ev GKvwaK ^v x ivlv DwPZ g b ivl Z n e mikvix D ` v M ga cöv P h Z wu KUmn me gvu 84,000 (Pzivwk nvrvi) UvKv mikvwifv e avh Kiv n q Q bvix Kgx `i Î ga cöv P h Z 20,000 (wek nvrvi) UvKv jv M h nzz KvZv ii mv _ Awfevmx köwgk m úwk Z Kvb Pzw³ bvb ZvB wiμywus G RwÝ köwgk K cözvwiz Ki Z cv i h nzz KvZvi GKwU ga g Av qi `k ZvB wiμywus G RwÝ köwgk K cöjyä K i j j UvKvi wewbg q KvZv i Awfevm bi e e v K i, hv KL bvb hšw³k I ev Íem Z bq KviY evsjv ` ki ^í` köwgkmy KvZv i h grywi cvq Zv w` q j j UvKvi gz wekvj wewb qvm Zz j G b wb Ri I cwiev ii Afve gvpb Kiv `~iƒn n q c o 4.5 PvKwii Pzw³cÎ h e w³ Kg ms v bi Rb we ` k hv eb Zvi ˆea Ges mwvk Pzw³cÎ ev Re K Uªv± _vk Z n e Pzw³cÎ fv jvfv e bv `L j hv NU Z cv i: Kv úvbx KZ K wbe vwpz bv n ji `vjvj fyqv Kv Ri Pzw³cÎ `wl q cözviyv I UvKv AvZ mvr Ki Z cv i fyqv Pzw³c Îi gva g KD hw` we ` k hvb Z e wzwb we ` k wegvbe `i KZ c KZ K AvUK n Z cv ib Ges Zv K AvBb f ½i Rb wepvi I kvw Íi gy LvgywL n Z n e Bwg MÖkb cvi n Z cvi ji wegvbe ` i wb qvmkvix ms vi KD bv Avmvi d j A bk Î A_ nxbfv e A c v Ki Z n Z cv i cwi k l we ` ki wegvb e `i _ KB ` k wd i Avm Z n Z cv i fyqv Pzw³ wb q we `k wm q KviI c bzzb KvR Luy R bqv m e bq Pyw³ hvpvb qi Rb KiYxq Pzw³ mwvk wkbv Rvb Z Awfevm b B QzK e w³ wb Pi h Kvb ms vi mvnvh b eb: we. Gg. B. wu evqiv wwbggi (DEMO) Awfevmb wb q KvR K i Ggb GbwRI 18

27 kög Awfevm bi Î Pzw³c Î h welq jv Aek B Rvb Z n e Pzw³cÎ ev Contract _ K wbgœwjwlz Z_ jv R b wb Z n e: PvKwii bvg (Job Title); Kv úvbxi ev PvKwi`vZvi bvg, wvkvbvmn; Kg Î; PvKwii mgqmxgv; gvwmk ezb; wbqwgz Kg mgq Ges mvßvwnk QywU; Ifvi UvBg; evrmwik QywU; ezbmn QywU bv ezb Qvov QywU; Amȳ Zvi QywU (Sick Leave); gww Kj ev ^v mevi myweav; Kg Î Amȳ Zv ev g Zz i Rb wzc~i Yi A¼; hvzvqvz fvzv; Lvevi fvzv; g Zz n j jvk ` k cvvv bvi e e v, BZ vw` wpî 5: Pzw³c Îi bgybv 19

28 4.6 gww Kj PKAvc/ ^v cix v `yzvevm KZ K wba vwiz wk wb Ki gva g ^v cix v Ki Z n e ˆeafv e we `k h Z Awfevmx Kgx K Aek B ^kix i gwwk vj m Uv i wm q cix v Kiv Z n e ^v cix vq kvixwik mȳ Zv cögvwyz n jb KejgvÎ Kgx we ` k hviqvi Rb hvm we ewpz n eb I wfmv c eb ^v cix vq kvixwik Abychy³ cögvwbz n j wfmv `qv nq bv we ` k PvKwi`vZv A_ev H ` ki Pvwn`v I kz Abyhvqx wewfbœ gww Kj cix v Kiv nq Awfevmx `i ^v cix v Ki j cöev m wbw` ó Kv Ri Dchy³ kvixwik m gzv Av Q wkbv Zv hvpvb Kiv hvq kvixwik Amȳ Zv aiv co j cö qvr b wpwkrmv wb q Avevi we `k hvevi cö wz bqv hv e bkj ^v cix vi mb` KLbB bqv DwPZ bq Kbbv MšÍe ` k cušqv bvi ci Av ikevi ^v cix v Kiv nq mlv b Abychy³ cögvwbz n j ` k diz cvwv q w` Z cv i G Z AKvi Y A _ i AcPq n e Awfevmx Kgx `i ^v cix vi Rb hv hv KiYxq Awfevmx `i ^v cix vi Rb wba vwiz gww Kj m Uv i Dcw Z n Z n e h ` k hv e m ` ki Pvwn`v Abyhvqx ^v cix vi Rb wba vwiz wd cwi kva Ki Z n e Gi ci mvaviy kvixwik cix v (IRb, i³pvc BZ vw`), gj g~ Îi cix v, ey Ki G i, i³ cix v: GBPweGm GwR ( ncvuvbwum G I we), wfwwavigj ( hšb ivm/msμvgk cix v), GBPAvBwf/GBWm& cix v, wuwe (h v), g v jwiqv, jcömx BZ vw` Kiv Z n e bvix köwg Ki Î wzwb Mf ezx wkbv Zv cix v Kiv Z n e gww Kj m Uvi _ K `qv wba vwiz Zvwi L gww Kj mvwu wd KU ev ^v cix v mb` msmön Ki Z n e Kvb msμg Yi Aw ÍZ Rvbv M j wpwkrmvi D ` vm wb Z n e ^v cix vi m c~y cöwμqvwu Awfevmx wb RB Ki e Amvay wiμzwus G RwÝ iv Mi K_v Mvcb K i we ` k cvvv Z cv i ZvB ^v cix v djvdj cvevi ci wek Í Kvb Wv³v ii Kv Q Zv `wl q bqv fvj wpî 6: ^v cix vi bgybv 20

29 4.7 weggbwuõi ewnm gb QvocÎ PvKwi wb q we `k hviqvi Av MB weggbwu _ K mswkøó Kg KZ vi ^v i Gg evm Kiv ewnm gb QvocÎ msmön Ki Z n e mvaviyz Awfevmxi Rb wiμzwus G RwÝ GB QvocÎ msmön K i `q Z e GKK wfmvi Î Awfevmx wb RI Zv Ki Z cv ib weggbwu _ K ewnm gb QvocÎ msmö ni Rb hv hv KiYxq AwMÖg AvqKi I cöevmx evsjv `kx `i Rb MwVZ I qr Avbvm Znwe j wbw` ó nv i Pvù v cö`vb Ki Z nq AvqKi I Puv`v cwi kv ai cögvbmn wfmv v úk Z cvm cvu, Pzw³c Îi Kwc I Ab vb cö qvrbxq KvMR ewnm gb QvocÎ msmö ni Rb weggbwuõi gnvcwipvjk eivei wba vwiz d g Av e`b wfmv h_vh_fv e msm nxz n j Ges cö ÍvweZ kz vejxi mvgäm _vk j Rbkw³, Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ ivi `vwqz cövß Kg KZ v cvm cv U mxj gvni I ^v ii gva g e w³ `i K we ` k hvevi ewnm gb QvocÎ cö`vb K i _v K (K) e w³mz (GKK) ewnm gb QvocÎ Mªn Yi wbqgvejx ^-D ` v M ev AvZ xq ^R bi gva g IqvK cviwgu/gbiwm/gw Uª cviwgu msmön Ki j e w³mzfv e weggbwu Z Dcw Z n q ev wiμzwus G R U Gi gva g e w³mz Qvoc Îi Rb Av e`b Ki Z nq Qvoc Îi Rb wb gœv³ KvMRcÎ Rgv w` Z nq: we `kmvgxi Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm n Z wbeübk Z KvW wfmvi c ôvmn cvm cv U i cö_g 6 c ôvi d UvKwc wfmv c ôvi Bs iwr Abyev` (cö hvr Î) g~j wfmv G vwfvbm/gw Uª cviwgu/iqvk cviwgu/gbiwm I d UvKwc 150/- UvKv g~j gv bi bb RywWwkqvj ó v ú PvKwi I wfmv mwvk GB g g e w³mz A½xKvibvgv ckvrxex `i Î mikvwi/avav mikvwi/ ^vqz kvwmz cöwzôvb Kg iz bb GB g g M R UW Awdmv ii cöz vqbcî mikvwi/avav mikvwi/ ^vqëkvwmz/ivóªvqë cöwzôv b Kg iz `i Î mswkøó wb qvmkz v KZ K Bmÿ K Z wiwjr AW vi ev QvocÎ GKK wfmvq we `kmvgx bvixi Î AvBbvbyM AwffveK n Z 150/- UvKvi bb RywWwkqvj ó v ú AbvcwËcÎ Qvoc Îi Rb wb gœv³ nv i Drm AvqKi ( UªRvix Pvjv bi gva g) I Kj vy wd ( c AW v ii gva g) cö`vb Ki Z nq: wfmvi cök wz ` ki bvg Kj vy wd Drm AvqKi AmZ vwqz wfmv mšw`avie 1000/- 500/- mz vwqz wfmv mšw`avie 400/- 250/- AmZ vwqz wfmv mšw` e wzz Ab vb `k 1000/- 400/- mz vwqz wfmv mšw` e wzz Ab vb `k 400/- 250/- AmZ vwqz wfmv h Kvb `k (cöv_x wb R) 1,500/- - mz vwqzwfmv h Kvb `k (cöv_x wb R) 1,000/- - h w`b Qvoc Îi Rb Av e`b Kiv nq ( ejv 1.00 NwUKvi g a ), m w`bb A_ev Zvi ciw`b ewnm gb QvocÎ cö`vb Kiv nq 21

30 (L) wiμzwus G RwÝi gva g `jxq ewnm gb QvocÎ MÖn Yi wbqgvejx QvocÎ MÖn Yi Rb wb gœœv³ KvMRcÎ Rgv w` Z nq: we `kmvgx Kgx i Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm n Z WvUv e R bvg wbeüb msμvší iwr óªkb KvW cvm cv U i 6 bs c ôv ch ší (wfmvi c ôvmn) d UvKwc wfmv/gbiwm/gw Uª cviwgu/iqvk cviwgu BZ vw`i d UvKwc Kg x `i bvg I wvkvbvmn Z_ vw` ckvrxexi Î mikvwi/avav mikvwi/ ^vqëkvwmz cöwzôv b Kg iz bq g g M R UW Awdmvi KZ K cöz vqbcî we ` k Mg bi ci PvKwi bv n j ` k wdwi q Avbvi `vwqz I Dchy³ wzc~iy cö`vb m úwk Z mswkøó wiμzwus G R Ui 300/- UvKvi bb RywWwkqvj ó v ú wbðqzvcî (G vwd WweU AvKv i) cö Z K ` /Avav` / ^í` / ckvwfwëk Kgx i Î cö `q wd Kgx i aib Kj vy wd Drm AvqKi ` /Avav` / ck wfwëk Kgx 250/- 1200/- ^í` /Kgx 250/- 800/- ÔmiKvi KZ K wba vwiz nv ii AwZwi³ Awfevmb wd MÖnY Kiv nqwbõ g g 300/- UvKvi bb RywWwkqvj ó v ú A½xKvibvgv G RwÝi mv _ we `kmvgx Kgx i Pzw³cÎ Rbkw³ eÿ iv Z Dcw Z n q weªwds MÖnY mb` mšw` Avi e M n köwgk `i Î eqmmxgv Kgc 25 eqi bvix `i Î AvBbvbyM AwffveK n Z AbvcwËcÎ Ges h w`b Qvoc Îi Rb Av e`b Kiv nq ( ejv 1.00 NwUKvi g a ), m w`bb A_ev Zvi ciw`b ewnm gb QvocÎ cö`vb Kiv nq 4.8 weggbwu vu KvW deªæqvix 2010 _ K weggbwuõi ewnm gb QvocÎ cö`v bi Rb 32 Kwe Kw úduvi Pxcmn vu KvW `qv n Q vu Kv W Kg xi Qwe, bvg, wczvi bvg, Qvoc Îi AvBwW b ^i, QvocÎ cö`v bi ZvwiL, cvm cvu b ^i, cvm cvu Bmÿ i ZvwiL, wiμzwus G R Ui AvBwW b ^i, PvKwi`vZvi wvkvbv, wmwiqvj b ^i, bwgwb Z_ Ges wd½vi wcö U _v K vu KvW AvšÍR vwzkfv e ^xk Z vu KvW wu Kw úduv ii KvW wiwv i cö ek Kiv j e w³i mg Í Z_ GKBmv _ `Lv hv e vu KvW _vk j ^qswμqfv e Kw úduvi wcö Uvi _ K Zvi G ^v K kb KvW c~iy n q ewi q Avm e Kg x ïay Zv Z ^v i K i Bwg MÖk b Rgv ` eb wpî 7: vu Kv W i bgybv 22

31 4.9 hvîvi Rb wegvb wuwku Kbv AvKvkc _ MšÍe ` k åg Yi Rb wuwku Ki Z nq Uªv fj G RwÝ wba vwiz A _ i wewbg q Kgx `i we ` k hvevi Rb wegv bi wuwku Bmÿ K i _v K g b ivlv cö qvrb Uªv fj G RwÝ Ges wiμzwus G RwÝ GK bq Uªv fj G RwÝ Kej wegvb wuwku K U `Iqvi KvR K i, we ` k Kg ms v bi mv _ Zv `i Kvb m úk bb wuwku Kbvi Rb KiYxq 1. wuwku Ki Z hvevi mgq cvm cv U i cö_g 5 cvzvi d UvKwc m ½ ivl Z n e 2. wuwku KvUvi mgq hvîxi åg Yi ZvwiL I Gqvi cv U Dcw Z nevi mgq mwvkfv e ey S wb Z n e, hb ågy msμvší Kvb A ^ Q/A úó aviyv bv _v K 3. hvîvc _ Kvb UªvbwRU _vk j Zv KZ mg qi Rb R b wb Z n e 23

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33 welq c wz DcKiY mgq cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ MvQv bv e vm MvQv bv hvîv c _ hme wrwbm bqv hv e Ges hme wrwbm bqv hv e bv wegvbe ` i hvevi cö wz Aa vq: 5 hvîv cö wz GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnbKvixMY kög Awfevm bi Rb PvKwi msμvší, ågb msμvší I e vsk msμvší cö qvrbxq Ab vb hme KvMRcÎ wq q wb Z nq m m ú K wek`fv e ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; wewfbœ ai bi e vm MvQv bv Ges Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e; Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e bv Zv ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; wegvb e ` i hvevi cö wz MÖnY m ú K ej Z cvi eb mgq: 45 wgwbu cö`k b I cö kœvëi cö`k b I cö kœvëi cö`k b I cö kœvëi cö`k b, cö kœvëi Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc, hvîv wmww gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc, hvîv wmww gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 15 wgwbu 15 wgwbu 10wgwbU 5 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb Zv `i g a BwZc~ e KD we ` k wm q Qb wkbv wm q _vk j Zv K Awfevm bi Rb Kx Kx KvMRcÎ wb Z nq ej Z ejyb AZtci ivgiæ KZ K ˆZwiK Z ÒhvÎvÓ WKzWªvgv cö`k b Kiæb WKzWªvgvi Dci wfwë K i ågb msμvší hvîv cö wz, cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ MvQv bv, msi Y, e vm MvQv bv BZ vw` welq jv cö kœvëi c wz Z ms c Av jvpbv Kiæb hvîvi Rb cö qvrbxq WKz g U msi Y, KqwU e vm wkfv e MvQv Z n e Ges Kvb& e v M Kvb& Kvb& wrwbm wb Z n e, Kvb Kvb wrwbm bqv hv e bv, Kvb& Kvb& wrwbm bqv hv e, Kvb& e v Mi AvKvi KZ n e Ges KZ ch ší IRb bqv hv e I wegvbe ` i hvevi cö wz gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: Awfevm bi mkj cökvi KvMRcÎ cö Z Ges AvbyôvwbKZv m úv` bi ci hlb GKRb Awfevmx köwgk Awfevm bi Rb m ú~y cö Z nb, ZLb Awfevm bi GKwU iæz c~y avc n jv hvîvcö wz MÖnY Kiv hvîvcö wzi g a wzbwu wel qi cöwz hzœevb niqv cö qvrb: Riæix KvMRcÎ MvQv bv, e vm MvQv bv Ges wegvbe ` i hvevi Rb cö Z niqv 25

34 5.1 cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ MvQv bv Awfevmx köwgk K Zvi cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ MvQv bvi mgq wzb ai bi KvMRc Îi Î we klfv e gb hvmx niqv cö qvrb: PvKwi msμvší, ågy msμvší Ges e vsk msμvší I Ab vb KvMRcÎ PvKwi msμvší KvMRcÎ: PvKwi msμvší KvMRcÎ MvQv bvi mgq mzk Zvi mv _ PvKwii Pzw³cÎ, weggbwu Bwg MÖkb wk qv iý mvwu wd KU/weGgBwU Awd mi QvocÎ, weggbwu vu KvW, gwwk vj mvwu wd KU Ges nj&_ Bbmÿ iý hw` _v K wq q wb Z n e GB mkj cö qvrbxq KvMRc Îi AšÍZ c `yb Kwc (d UvKwc) hzœ mnkv i msi Y Kiv evâyxq G `i g a GK Kwc wewfbœ Awd m `vwlj Kivi Rb Ges Ab Kwc jv wb Ri Kv Q msi Y Ki Z n e ågy msμvší KvMRcÎ ågy msμvší KvMRcÎ MvQv bvi mgq mzk Zvi mv _ wfmvmn cvm cvu, wu KU Ges c~iyk Z G ^v K kb KvW wq q wb Z n e wfmvmn cvm cv U i AšÍZc `yb Kwc (d UvKwc) hzœ mnkv i wb Ri Kv Q msi Y Kiv cö qvrb e vsk msμvší I Ab vb KvMRcÎ e vsk GK vd U msμvší mkj Z_ vw`, wb qvmkvix cöwzôv bi wvkvbv I Uwj dvb b ^i, h ` k hv Q m ` ki evsjv `k `~Zvev mi Ges cwiwpz Kvb e w³, eüz, AvZ xq cwirb KD _vk j Zv `i wvkvbv I Uwj dvb b ^i Ges wb Ri K qk Kwc cvm cvu mvb Ri Qwe mzk Zvi mv _ wq q wb Z n e h e w³ Zv K MšÍe ` ki wegvbe `i _ K wb Z Avm e, H e w³i dvb b ^i msi Y Ki Z n e Awfevmx K wegvbe `i _ K MšÍe v b cušqv bvi gvbwpî, cušqv bvi gva g (evm/u vw ) Ges fvov R b bqv Ges Zv msi Y Ki Z n e 5.2 e vm MvQv bv/cö ZKiY Awfevmx köwgk K GUv R b ivl Z n e h wzwb wegv b åg Yi mg q mvaviyz wzb ai bi e vm enb Ki Z cvi eb: PK&W& e vm, K vwiab e vm Ges QvU nvz e vm hv hv wb Z n e Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv Ki Z n e hb Riæix Kvb wkqy fy j bv hvb ev ev` bv c o cöwzwu e vm ev ev Avjv`vfv e IRb Ki Z n e hb wbwðz niqv hvq h, GqvijvB Ýi Aby gvw`z IR bi g a e v Mi mxgve Av Q ewk IRb n j AwZwi³ IR bi Rb wbw` ó nv i wd w` Z n e A_ev Gqvi cv U AwZwi³ IR bi wrwbm d j h Z n e åg Yi Rb Ggb e vm/myu Km Kbv DwPZ hv nvjkv wkš k³ Dcv`vb w` q ˆZix Ges hv Z fv jv Zvjvi e e v Av Q cöwzwu e v M ( h e vm mv _ wb q cø b DV eb A_ vr K vwiab e vmmn) bvg, MšÍe v bi wvkvbv I dvb b ^i wjl Z n e jlvi mgq e v Mi 2/3 w` K bvg-wvkvbv wj L ivl j PU K i e vm Pbv hv e Avevi e vm nvwi q M j GqvijvB Ýi c `ªæZ hvmv hvm Kiv m e n e wbwl Kvb wrwbm e v M bqv hv e bv wb j Rj/Rwigvbv ch ší n Z cv i 26

35 PK&W& e vm MvQv bv PK&W& e vm GqvijvB b PKBb KvD Uv i Rgv w` Z n e Ges GB e vmwu MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` i cušqv bvi ci msmön Ki Z n e PK&W& e v Mi IRb 20 KwRi ewk niqv Pj e bv ewk IRb n j AwZwi³ IR bi Rb wbw` ó nv i wd w` Z n e A_ev Gqvi cv U AwZwi³ IR bi wrwbm d j h Z n e PK&W& e vm MvQv bvi mgq Lqvj ivl Z n e e v M Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e Ges Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e bv 119 cm 81 cm 119 cm wpî 8: PK&W& e v Mi bgybv (K) Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e MšÍe ` ki AvenvIqvi mv _ mvgäm ev Dchy³ cwi aq Kvco; cö qvrbxq IlyacÎ, cömwμcmb Ges cöv_wgk wpwkrmvmvgmªx; evsjv `k e vs Ki NvlYvq ^xk Z Aj¼vivw`; e eüz Km gwukm&, Nwo, Pkgv BZ vw` e w³mz e envh aviv jv Kvb e ( hgb: eøw, irvi, KuvwP, Qywi BZ w`); Ljbv, ev Pv `i enb hvm Mvwo I wkï `i e envh Ab vb wrwbm; mxwgz cwigvy ïk bv Lvevi; e envh wrwbmcî, K v giv ev gvevbj; e w³mz I cwiev ii M n vwj Kv Ri mvgmöx (L) Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e bv PK&W& e vm A_ vr h e vm mv _ ivlv hv e bv, mlv b UvKv cqmv, Mnbv, ågy I PvKwi msμvší KvMRcÎ Ges Ab vb g~j evb wrwbm I `wjj ivlv DwPZ bq; cwiwpz ev AcwiwPZ KD hw` Ggb Kvb c v KU ev e vm w` Z Pvq, hvi g a Kx Av Q Rvbv bb, mikg Kvb c v KU ev e vm Kvb mgq enb Kiv DwPZ bv AcwiwPZ Kvb wrwbmb enb Kiv hv e bv; Av Mœqv I we ùvik RvZxq c`v_ ; wbwl gv`k I WªvM; Av b a i Ggb Zij c`v_ ; `ym Ü ei nq Ggb c`v_ ; eb cövyx, gvq I mvgyw`ªk Lvevi; gvsm, `ya, wwg I Ab vb cvwëª RvZxq Lvevi; dzj, dj I mewr Milk wpî 9: PK&W& e v M Kvb Kvb wrwbm bqv hv e bv Zvi bgybv 27

36 K vwiab e vm MvQv bv K vwiab e vm Awfevmx köwgk Zvi wb Ri mv _ enb K i _v K K vwiab e v Mi AvKvi j ^vq BwÂ, cök Í 8-9 Bw Ges IRb 7 KwR niqv evâyxq K vwiab e vm MvQv bvi mgq Lqvj ivl Z n e e v M Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e Ges Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e bv 56 cm (22 ) (M) Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e Mnbv, ågy I PvKwi msμvší KvMRcÎ Ges Ab vb g~j evb wrwbm I `wjj; 45 cm (17.7 ) 25 cm (9.8 ) wpî 10: K vwiab e v Mi bgybv cövk Awfevmb Z_ cyw ÍKv; UvKv (500 UvKvi ewk bq) Ges Wjvi (5000 Wjv ii ewk bq) Awfevmx köwgk Ki DwPZ Aí wkqz Wjvi mv _ ivlv hv Z wzwb hvîv c _ cö qvrb co j wkqz Lvevi I cvbxq μq Ki Z cv ib Ges cö qvr b U vw fvov w` Z cv ib; cöwzw`b meb Kiv jv M Ggb cö qvrbxq IlyacÎ; ^v mb`; Nwo, Pkgv BZ vw`; PK&W& e v Mi Pvwe (N) Kx Kx wrwbm bqv hv e bv cwiwpz ev AcwiwPZ KD hw` Ggb Kvb c v KU ev e vm w` Z Pvq hvi g a Kx Av Q Rvbv bb, mikg Kvb c v KU ev e vm Kvb mgq enb Kiv DwPZ bq; aviv jv Kvb e ( hgb: eøw, KuvwP, Qywi BZ w`); Av Mœqv I we ùvik RvZxq c`v_ (g vp); wbwl gv`k I WªvM; Av b a i Ggb Zij c`v_ (jvbuvi); `ym Ü ei nq Ggb c`v_ ; eb cövyx I gvq mvgyw`ªk Lvevi; gvsm, `ya, wwg I Ab vb cvwëª RvZxq Lvevi; dzj, dj, me&wr wpî 11: K vwiab e v M Kvb& Kvb& wrwbm bqv hv e bv Zvi bgybv 28

37 QvU nvz e vm MvQv bv QvU nvz e vm, huv Awfevmx köwgk Zvi wb Ri mv _ enb K i _v K GB e v Mi g a g~jz HmKj cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ bqv DwPZ h jv GqvijvBb PKBb KvD Uv i Ges Bwg MÖkb W Dc vcb Ki Z n e: hgb, cvm cvu, PvKwii Pzw³cÎ, wegv bi wu KU, evww s KvW, vu KvW, Kjg I bvueyk ( bvuey K wegv bi b ^i, MšÍe ` ki wvkvbv, wrc KvWmn PvKwi`vZvi wvkvbv, dvb b ^i Ges wegvbe `i _ K MšÍe v b cušqv bvi gvbwpî bqv DwPZ) wpî 12: QvU nvz e v Mi bgybv 5.3 wegvbe ` i hviqvi cö wz Awfevmx köwgk hw`b `k Z vm Ki eb Zvi Av Mi w`b Ges Hw`b wegvbe ` ii D Ï k hvevi c~ e Zv K wkqz mzk Zvg~jK KvR Ki Z n e wegv bi mgqm~px cybivq GKevi wbwðz niqv; cö qvrb n j wegv bi wuwkuwu GqvijvB b dvb K i wirv f kb wbwðz Kiv; wegvbe ` i hvevi Rb Mvwo/U vw Av M _ K wvk K i ivlv ; wegvb Qvovi me wbgœ wzb N Uv Av M hvîx K Gqvi cvu /wegvbe ` i Dcw Z _vk Z n e hvîx K evmv ev hlvb _ K wzwb wegvbe ` i hv eb mlvbkvi hvbru I åg Yi mgq gv_vq i L mwvkfv e cwikíbv Ki Z n e; wegvbe ` i cušqv Z wej ^ n j hvîxi cø bi wmu wirv f kb evwzj n q h Z cv i; evww s ïiæ nevi Ava N Uv Av M PKBb KvD Uvi eü n q hvq; wegv bi wuwk Ui mv _ mvaviyz GKwU G ^v K kb KvW /Av ivny KvW Uªv fj G RwÝ mieivn K i _v K GB KvW wu hvîx K mwvkfv e c~iy K i wegv bi wuwk Ui mv _ mzk Zvi mv _ ivl Z n e 29

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39 welq c wz DcKiY mgq wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I wbqgvejx Aa vq: 6 wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I wbqgvejx GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY åg Yi Rb wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I wbqgvejx ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv cö`k b, cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 15 wgwbu AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb Zv `i g a BwZc~ e KD we ` k wm q Qb wkbv wm q _vk j wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv ms c ej Z ejyb AZtci c~ e cö`wk Z ÒhvÎvÓ WKzWªvgvi Dci wfwë K i wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv cö kœvëi c wz Z ms c Av jvpbv Kiæb AZtci wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv wegvbe ` i AvbyôvwbKZv: cuf~wg: Awfevmx köwg Ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I wbqvgvejx Rvbv AZ ší Riæix mg K Áv bi Afv e AbvKvw LZ cwiw wz I RwUjZvi m wó n Z cv i hv, GKRb Awfevmx köwg Ki mg Í Awfevmb cöwμqv K e vnz Ki Z cv i 6.1 cvu vi mn hvwmzv wegvbe ` i cušqv bvi ci Awfevmx köwgk K Zvi e vm jv enb K i wegvbe ` ii Af ší i cö ek Ki Z n e G Î e vm jv en b wegvbe `i KZ c hvîx `i Rb myweavrbk e e v cö`vb K i hgb: e vm jv K enb Kivi Rb wegvbe ` i webvg~ j Uªwji e e v Av Q wegvbe ` i cvu vi cö qvr b hvîx K e vm en b mnvqzv Ki Z cv i Gi Rb hvîx K wkqy UvKv w` Z n Z cv i Z e ïaygvî wbw` ó BDwbdg cwiwnz cvu v ii mnvqzv biqv DwPZ wpî 13: cvu v ii bgybv 31

40 6.2 wbivcëv Zjøvwk I Kv g&m & PwKs wegvbe ` ii Af ší i cö e ki ci hvîx K wbivcëv Zjøvwk I Kv gm PwKs Ki Z n e: wbivcëv Zjøvwki Rb cö_ g hvîx K Zvi PK&W& e vm, K vwiab e vm I QvU nvz e vm G i gwk bi gva g Zjøvwk Ki Z nq wbivcëv Zjøvwki ci cöwzwu PK&W& e v M wmwkdwiwu w Kvi jvmv bv nq m `nrbk g b n j Kv g&m& Awdmvi Kvb Kvb hvîxi e vm cö qvr b Ly j cix v Ki Z cv ib e vm Zjøvwki ci wmwkdwiwu Awdmvi hvîxi `n Zjøvwk K i wegvbe ` ii wfz ii PK Bb e vm A_ev f½yi gvjvgvj we klfv e cøvw K/ gvok Avei Y c vk Kivi e e v Av Q GRb hvîx K wbw` ó cwigvy UvKv cö`vb Ki Z n e 6.3 cöevmx Kj vy W wmwkdwiwu PK I Kv g&m& PwKs Gi ci hvîx K cöevmx Kj vy W bs 3-G wi cvu Ki Z n e mlv b hvîxmy Rbkw³ eÿ iv KZ K cö`ë ewnm gb Qvoc Îi mz Zv hvpvb Kwi q wb eb GLv b Av iv AewnZ niqv cö qvrb h: Rbkw³ I Kg ms vb eÿ iv (weggbwu) ˆe `wkk PvKwi Z MgbKvix mevi Rb h cwipqcî mieivn K i H cwipqcî ( vu KvW ) wu wegvbe ` ii cöevmx Kj vy W cö`k b Ki j cö qvrbxq mvnvh mn hvwmzv cviqv hvq W _ K hvîxmy vu KvW wu e envi K i B juªwbk vwj c~iyk Z G ^v K kb KvW /Av ivnb KvW msmön Ki Z cvi eb Gici hvîx K c~iyk Z G ^v K kb KvW /Av ivnb Kv W Zvi m v i I ZvwiL cö`vb Ki Z n e 6.4 GqvijvBb KvD Uv i PK Bb cöevmx Kj vy W cö qvrbxq AvbyôvwbKZv m úv` bi ci hvîx K GqvijvBb KvD Uv i PK B bi D Ï k h Z n e GqvijvBb KvD Uv i wb gœv³ AvbyôvwbKZv jv m úv`b Ki Z n e: hvîx K Zvi wbw` ó GqvijvBb KvD UviwU wpwýz Ki Z n e hvîx K Zvi wbw` ó GqvijvBb KvD Uv i jvb b `uvov Z n e hlb hvîxi wb Ri mgq Avm e ZLb GqvijvBb Awdmvi K hvîxi wuwku I cvm cvu cö`k b Ki Z n e GqvijvBb Awdmvi hvîxi wuwku I cvm cvu PK Ki e GqvijvBb Awdmvi hvîxi PK&W& e vmwu MÖnY Ki e Ges GK GK K i PK&W& e vm I K vwiab e vm IRb Ki e IRb wvk _vk j PK&W& e v M e v MR v ú jvmv e Ges Av ikwu Ask hvîxi wuwk U mshy³ Ki e A bk GqvijvBb K vwiab e vm I QvU nvz e v M jvmv bvi Rb U vm cö`vb K i GqvijvBb Awdmvi hvîx K evww s KvW mn Zvi wuwku I cvm cvu diz ` e evww s Kv W hvîxi wegv bi wmu b ^i I Kvb Kvb Î wwcvp vi/ewnm gb MU b ^i `qv n e wwcvp vi MU b ^i `qv _vk j c i gvb K NvlYv `qv n e hw` hvîxi wegvb cwiez bi Rb ga ez x Kvb wegvbe ` i hvîv weiwz _v K Zvn j cöwz wegvb cwiez bi Rb Avjv`v Avjv`v evww s KvW cö`vb Kiv n e evww s KvW Lye hzœ mnkv i msi Y Ki Z n e hv Z nvwi q bv hvq wegvbe ` i KD hw` Zvi e vmwu ivl Z Aby iva K i, hvîxi DwPZ mivmwi A ^xk wz cökvk Kiv bzzev A bk AbvKvw LZ cwiw wzi m wó n Z cv i hv Z K i ïaygvî hvîv bq eis wb Ri wbivcëv ûgwki m ylxb n Z cv i 32

41 6.5 Bwg MÖkb/ewnM gb GqvijvBb KvD Uv i cö qvrbxq AvbyôvwbKZv m úv` bi ci hvîx K Bwg MÖk bi D Ï k Bwg MÖkb W h Z n e Bwg MÖkb W wb gœv³ AvbyôvwbKZv jv m úv`b Ki Z n e: hvîx K Bwg MÖkb W wu wpwýz Ki Z n e hvîx K Bwg MÖkb W i mvg b jvb b `uvov Z n e GK GK K i hlb hvîxi wb Ri mgq Avm e ZLb Bwg MÖkb Awdmv ii Kv Q hvîxi c~iy Kiv G ^v K kb KvW, cvm cvu, wfmv, Rbkw³ eÿ ivi QvocÎ Rgv w` Z n e Bwg MÖkb Awdmvi G wj cix v k l me wvk _vk j cvm cv U w`b I mg qi mxj ` eb Bwg MÖkb Awdmvi hvîxi Qwe Zzj eb GB mg Í AvbyôvwbKZv m úv` bi ci Bwg MÖkb Awdmvi hvîxi cvm cvu, wfmv I Rbkw³ eÿ ivi QvocÎ diz ` eb Ges hvîx K fz i cö ek Kivi AbygwZ ` eb Ges mlv b wegv b Av ivn Yi c~e ch ší A c v Ki Z n e hvîx K Zvi cvm cvu, wfmv I Rbkw³ eÿ ivi QvocÎ ey S cviqvi ci Lye hzœ mnkv i mzk Zvi mv _ nvz e v M ivl Z n e 6.6 evww s/wegv b Av ivnb wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZvi me kl avc n jv evww s/wegv b Av ivny hw` evww s Kv W MU b ^i `qv bv _v K Z e me wbgœ GK N Uv Av M wegvbe ` ii wuwf w Œb I ev W d vbu b ^imn d vbu Qvovi mgq I MU b ^i `Lv bv nq wegv b Av ivn Yi c~ e Bs iwr Z I evsjvq gvb μv dv b hvîvi mgq NvlYv Kiv nq Ges Uwjwfkb gwbu i `Lv bv nq NvlYvi cib evww s KvW nv Z wb q wegv bi w` K AMÖmi n Z nq evww s/wegv b Av ivn bi Î wb gœv³ AvbyôvwbKZv jv m úv`b Ki Z n e: evww s Gi mgq NvlYv n j jvb b `uvwo q myk Ljfv e evww s MB U AMÖmi n Z n e hlb hvîxi wb Ri mgq Avm e ZLb GqvijvBb Awdmvi K hvîxi evww s KvW, wuwku I cvm cvu cö`k b Ki Z n e Awdmvi evww s Kv W i GKwU Ask wq o wb Ri Kv Q ivl e, Ab Ask wuwku I cvm cvu mn diz ` e hvîx K Zvi cvm cvu, wuwku I evww s Kv W i Aewkó AskwU ey S cviqvi ci Lye hzœ mnkv i mzk Zvi mv _ nvz e v M i L, wbivcëv Zjøvwki R b AMÖmi n Z n e hlv b wbivcëv Zjøvwki Rb cö_ g hvîx K Zvi K vwiab e vm I QvU nvz e vm G i gwk bi gva g PK Kiv n e e vm PwKs Gi ci wmwkdwiwu Awdmvi hvîxi `n Zjøvwk Ki e Gici hvîx K Zvi K vwiab e vm I QvU nvz e vm gwk bi Dci _ K msmön K i evww s/wegv b Av ivn Yi Rb wbav wiz v b A c v Ki Z n e wegvbe ` i hvîx K Zvi K vwiab e vm I QvU nvz e vm memgq wb Ri Kv Q ivl Z n e GgbwK hlb ev_iæ g hv e ZLbI hlb evww s Gi NvlYv Avm e ZLb jvb b `uvov Z n e, axiw i n q myk Ljfv e jvbbwu AbymiY K i wegv b Av ivn bi Rb AMÖmi n Z n e GB mgq hvîx K Zvi evww s Kv W i AskwU nv Z ivl Z n e Ges wegv b Av ivn Yi mgq KvW wu wegvbevjv K cö`k b Ki Z n e 33

42

43 Aa vq: 7 wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq welq My jv ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq cö`k b, cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 30 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i g a BwZc~ e whwb we ` k wm q Qb Zv K ågy cö wz, wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq ms c ej Z ejyb AZtci ÒhvÎvÓ WKzWªvgvi Dci wfwë K i wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq cö kœvëi c wz Z ms c Av jvpbv Kiæb wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq welqmg~n gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: wegv b Av ivn Yi ci hvîxmy K axiw i n Z n e Ges wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I k LjvMy jv h_vh_fv e cvjb Ki Z n e GB wbqgkvby bi A bk jv mgmö hvîx, hvîxi wb Ri I wegv bi wbivcëvi mv _ mivmwifv e RwoZ Avi mrb hvîxmy K we kl fv e wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq welq jv Rvbv Riæix ZvB GB Aa v q we kl iæ Z i mv _ wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq welq jvi Dci Av jvkcvz Kiv n q Q wegv bi fz ii wbqgkvbyb I KiYxq 7.1 wmu, wmu eë I e vm ivlvi vb/e e v wmu, wmu eë I e vm ivlvi vb/e e vi Î wb gœv³ wbqgkvbyb I AvbyôvwbKZv jv m úv`b Ki Z n e wegv b Av ivn Yi ci jvbb AbymiYK i evww s Kv W DwjøwLZ Avmb b ^i Abyhvqx wb Ri Avm b em Z n e nv Zi e vmwu Avm bi Dc ii e vm ivlvi v b ivl Z n e cö qvr b G e vcv i wegv bi Kweb μzi mvnvh MÖnY Ki Z cv ib cv qi Kv Q I wb Ri Kv ji Dci Kvb e vm ivlv hv e bv wm U e m wmu eëwu euva Z n e eë evua Z mgm v n j wegvbevjv A_ev cv ki jv Ki mvnvh biqv h Z cv i Kweb μz wmu eë euvav, cö qvr b Aw Rb gv i e envi I wegv bi Riæix AeZi Yi Rb wbw` ó c_ cö`k b Ki eb wb ` kbv wj g bv hvm w` q ïb Z n e hlb wegv bi fz i wmu eëwu euvavi mvbbwu R j Z _vk e ZLb wb Ri wbivcëvi Rb wmu eëwu eu a ivl Z n e 35

44 wpî 14: wmu, wmu eë I e vm ivlvi v bi bgybv wpî 15: wmu eë euvavi mvbb R j Z _vkvi bgybv 7.2 B j±ªwbk hš cvwz I Ab vb wwfvbr Ges a~gcvb B j±ªwbk hš cvwz I Ab vb wwfvbr& e env ii Î hvîx `i K we klfv e mzk niqv cö qvrb GB hš jv e env ii Î h Kvb GKRb hvîxi AmZK Zvi Kvi Y wegvb `yn Ubvi wkkvi n Z cv i ZvB GB hš jv e env ii Î wegv bi NvwlZ wbqg jv h_vh_fv e cvjb Ki Z n e: wegv bi fzi _ K NvlYv `evi mv _ mv _ hvîx `i gvevbj dvb, Ab vb B j±ªwbk hš cvwz (Uªvb&wR vi/ iwwi) I wwfvbr& m ú~y iƒ c eü K i ivl Z n e hvîx `i gvevbj dvbwu wegvb AeZi Yi ci wegv bi fzi _ K ciez x NvlYv Avmvi AvM ch ší eü K i ivl Z n e GUv g b ivlv cö qvrb h, GB hš jv e envi Ki j/ Lvjv ivl j wegv bi iwwi wd«wkdýxi Î cöwzeükzv m wó Ki Z cv i hv Z wegvb `yn Ubvi wkkvi n Z cv i Ges hv wb Ri I Ab vb `i Rxeb K ûgwki m ylxb Ki Z cv i wegv bi fz i a~gcvb m ú~y iƒ c wbwl wegv bi fz i a~gcvb AbymÜv bi hš Av Q ZvB a~gcv bi Kvi Y aiv co j hvîxi weiæ AvBbMZ e e v bqv n e GLv b D jøl h, mkj wegvbe ` i a~gcvb m ú~y iƒ c wbwl Z e wegvbe ` i wbw` ó wkqy wpwýz v b KejgvÎ a~gcvb Kiv hvq wbw` ó vb Qvov Ab Kvb v b jywk q a~gcvb Ki j Rwigvbv Kiv nq wpî 16: hmkj B j±ªwbk hš cvwz e envi wbwl Ges hme hš cvwz e envi Kiv hv e Zvi bgybv wegvb DÇq bi wbw` ó mgq ci j vcuc, K vjkz jui, AvBcW, Ggwc w_ª BZ vw` e envi Kiv h Z cv i wegv bi fz i Kvb Kvb RvqMvq K v giv I evb bvkzjvi e envi Kiv h Z cv i 7.3 Lv` I cvbxq AvšÍR vwzk wegv b wbw` ó mgq ci ci Lv` I cvbxq mieivn K i _v K ZvB hvîvi mgq `xn n ji Lvevi m ú K wpšívmö nevi wkqz bb GgbwK wegv b nvjvj (gymwjg) I bb nvjvj (Agymwjg) Ges Avwgl I wbivwgl ( fwruvwiqvb) Lvev ii e e v _v K hvîxmy ZvB Zvi Uªv fj G RwÝ K Rvwb q Zvi cq `mb Lvevi Av M _ KB wba viy K i ivl Z cv ib Lv` I cvbxq e vcv i wb gœv³ welq jv m ú K AewnZ niqv `ikvi: 36

45 wegv b Lvevi, cvwb, Kvgj cvbxq, Pv I Kwd mieivn Kiv nq GqvijvBÝ G vj KvnwjK/ bkv RvZxq cvbxq mieivn K i Z e A bk GqvijvBÝ Gi Rb Avjv`v `vg bq GUv g b ivlv cö qvrb h Awfevmx hvîxm Yi G vj KvnwjK cvbxq cvb Kiv DwPZ bq, KviY G vj KvnwjK cvbxq Am PZbZv I fvimvg nxbzvi ˆZix K i hv hvîxi hvîv K bwzevpkfv e cöfvwez Ki Z cv i hw` Lvev ii aibwu Av M _ K wba viy Kiv bv _v K Zvn j Avwgl Lvevi L Z PvB j Kweb μz Gi KvQ _ K R b bqv hvq mwu nvjvj wkbv 24 N Uv Av M _ K GqvijvBÝ K Rvwb q ivl j wkï, e, Wvqv ewuk ev Ab vb mgm vi Rb Zviv Avjv`v Lvev ii e e v K i hvîxi hw` AwZwi³ cvwb cv bi cö qvrb nq Zvn j Kweb μz K ej j m e e v Ki e 7.4 we bv`b wegv b wm Ui mv _ hw` gwbui _v K Z e wegv b Dov I wegv bi fzi KiYxq g vcmn bvbv Z_, wm bgv, Mvb ïb Z I `L Z cviqv hvq gwbui wkfv e e envi Ki Z nq Zv cv ki hvîx A_ev Kweb μz/wegvbevjvi KvQ _ K R b bqv hvq 7.5 wwr&g ^v K kb KvW /AeZiY KvW I Kv gm& wwk v ikb dg Lvevi cwi ek bi c i Kweb μz/wegvbevjv hvîx K wwr&g ^v K kb KvW /AeZiY KvW I Kv gm& wwk v ikb dg cö`vb Ki e hvîxi DwPZ n e cö`ë KvW I dg jv hzœmnkv i mzk Zvi mv _ c~iy K i ivlv g b ivlv cö qvrb h, GB c~iyk Z KvW I dg jv hvîx K MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` i Bwg MÖkb Awdmv ii Kv Q Rgv w` Z n e cö`ë KvW I dg jv c~iy Kiv I evsvi Î mgm v n j cv ki hvîx A_ev Kweb μz/wegvbevjvi Kv Q webxzfv e Aby iva Ki j Zviv mn hvwmzv cö`vb Ki e wpî 17: wwr&g ^v K kb Kv Wi bgybv 7.6 Uq ju wegv b hmkj hvîx cö_gevi ågy K i Zv `i g a AwaKvskB wegv bi Uq ju e env ii Î wkqz mgm vi m ylxb nb ZvB wegv bi Uq ju e env ii e vcv i wbqgvejx m ú K Av M _ K AewnZ niqv evâyxq wegv b GKvwaK Uq ju _v K hvîx hw` Uq ju wpwýz Ki Z bv cv i Zvn j Kweb μz/wegvbevjvi Kv Q Rvb Z PvB Z cv i Uq j Ui `irvi cv k nvz j Pvc w` q Uq j Ui `irv Lyj Z nq Uq j Ui evb i `occupy jlv _vk j ev wqukvbx Z jvj Ask `Lv M j eys Z n e Uq j Ui fzi KD Av Q mb mg q Uq j Ui `irvq av v `Iqv hv e bv mb Ae vq wkqy Y A c v Ki Z n e g b ivl Z n e Uq ju Lvwj Ae vq wquvkvbx Z meyr is _vk e A_ev empty/vacant jlv _vk e G Î cö qvr b Kweb μz Gi mvnvh wb Z n e Uq j U Kvb& evzvg wuc j cvwb Avm e Ges Kv_vq Kx djv hv e m wel q Rvbv bv _vk j wegvbevjvi Kv Q R b bqv hv e g b ivl Z n e, Uq j U KL bvb Lvwj cv q cö ek Kiv DwPZ bq 37

46 Uq ju e env ii ci wbw` ó evzvg/flash button wuc w` q Uq ju cwi vi Ki Z n e Uq j U cvwbi cwie Z wumÿ ccvi e envi Ki Z n e Uq j Ui g S frv bv hv e bv nvz avqvi Rb Uq j U ewmb i q Q ewm b _y_y dj j, Aí cvwb Øviv ewmbwu cwi vi Ki Z n e Uq j Ui U v ei cvwb LvIqv hv e bv bvix `i e eüz m vwbuvix bcwkb ev c vw Kg Wi g a djv bv hv e bv Uq j U gqjv djvi Rb wbw` ó vb i q Q hlv b gqjv, e eüz wumÿ ccvi I bvix `i e eüz c vw dj Z n e Uq ju e env ii ci Aek B g b K i nvz mvevb w` q cwi vi K i ay Z n e Lqvj ivl Z n e ciez x Z Ab hvîx Uq juwu e envi Ki e ZvB Kvb Ae v ZB Uq juwu bvsiv I wfwr q i L Avmv hv e bv 7.7 wkóvpvi I f`ªzv wegv bi fz ii wkóvpvi ervq ivlv I f`ª AvPiY Kiv AZ ší Riæix KviY Gi Dci hvîxi wb Ri I ` ki fveg~wz RwoZ GB Rb hvîxmy K wb gœv³ welq jv m ú K we klfv e mzk niqv `ikvi Kweb μz/wegvbevjvi I mnhvîxi mv _ f`ªfv e AvPiY Ki Z n e Ggb Kv bv AvPiY Kiv DwPZ bv hv Z Ab hvîxiv wei³ eva K ib Kweb μz/wegvbevjvi I mnhvîx `i KvQ _ K mvnvh `ikvi n j Zv `i f`ªfv e WvK Z n e Ges wb Ri cö qvrb Rvbv Z n e Kweb μz/wegvbevjvi I mnhvîx `i KvQ _ K mvnv h i Rb ` wó AvKl Yi `ikvi n j ÒG v wkdr wgó/ excuse me ej Z n e mvnvh cövwßi ci Zv K _ swkd/thank You ej Z n e A bk mgq Awfevmxiv GKB wegv b `jmzfv e hvîv K ib m Î wb R `i g a Rv i Rv i ev wprkvi K i K_v ejv DwPZ bv wegv bi hlv b mlv b _y_y/kd/mw` /cv bi wck djv hv e bv hw` cö qvrb nq Z e Uq j Ui ewmb e envi Ki Z n e wegvb PjvKvjxb mg q wegvbevjv `i mkj Dc `k g b Pj Z n e wegv b NvlYv jv g bv hvm w` q ïb Z n e Ges wb ` kbv gvb Z n e 7.8 we kl civgk I R b ivlv fv jv wegv bi fz ii AvenvIqv ï kix ii Av`ªZv K g hvq d j PvL I bvk R vjv Ki Z cv i `n K Av`ª ivlvi Rb evi evi Lvevi cvwb I d ji Rym& LvIqv DwPZ evi evi Pv I Kwd cvb Ki j `n cvwbk~y n q co Z cv i wegvb DÇqb I AeZi Yi mgq Kv bi Dci Pvc co Z cv i Ges Kvb eü n q h Z cv i G Î gy Li Pvqvj ax i ax i eü I Lyj Z n e wksev cvwb cvb Ki Z n e Gmg q QvU ev Pv `i wkqz L Z w` j wksev `ya cvb Ki Z w` j Dckg n Z cv i hv `i wegv b ewg niqv wksev gv_v Nviv bvi m vebv _v K Zviv mv _ ewg `~i Kivi Ilya ivl Z cv ib Ges cö qvr b meb Ki Z cv ib wegv bi fz i GqvijvBÝ G vj KvnwjK/ bkv RvZxq cvbxq cvb bv Kiv I nvjkv Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ åg Yi Av Mi w`b hvîx K wbwðz Ki Z n e m ch vß cwigv Y wekövg wb q Q I Nywg q Q 38

47 welq c wz DcKiY mgq UªvbwRU ev hvîv weiwzi mg qi AvbyôvwbKZv Aa vq: 8 UªvbwRU ev hvîv weiwz I AvbyôvwbKZv GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY åg Yi Rb wegvbe ` ii AvbyôwbKZv I wbqgvejx ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu cö`k b, cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 30 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i g a B Zvc~ e whwb we ` k wm q Qb Zv K UªvbwRU ev hvîv weiwz m ú K ms c ej Z ejyb AZtci B Zvc~ e cö`wk Z ÒhvÎvÓ WKzWªvgvi Dci wfwë K i UªvbwRU ev hvîv weiwzi mgq KiYxq cö kœvëi c wz Z ms c Av jvpbv Kiæb UªvbwRU ev hvîv weiwzi mgq KiYxq welqmg~n gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: A bk mgq wegvb MšÍe ` ki (Awfevm bi ` k) wegvbe ` i cušqv bvi Rb ga ez x Kvb ` ki wegvbe ` i wegvb cwiez b K i ZvB hvîxmy KI ga ez x wegvbe ` i wkqz AvbyôvwbKZv m úv`b Ki Z nq Avevi evww s/wegv b Av ivn Yi Rb GB Aa v q Awfevmx köwgkmy `i hvîv weiwzi mg qi AvbyôvwbKZv m ú K AewnZ Kiv n e 8.1 UªvbwRU Kx A bk mgq wegvb MšÍe ` ki (Awfevm bi ` k) wegvbe ` i cušqv bvi Rb ga ez x Kvb ` ki wegvbe ` i wegvb cwiez b K i ZLb Zv K UªvbwRU e j Gai bi Ae vq hvîx `i H wbw` ó wegvbe ` i wkqz mgq wksev `xn mgq A c v Ki Z nq Ges ciez x wegv bi Av ivn Yi Rb hvîx `i H wegvbe ` i wkqz AvbyôvwbKZv m úv`b Ki Z nq wegv bi wuwku Kbvi mgqb fvjfv e R b wb Z n e c _ Kvb ` k UªvbwRU Av Q wkbv, _vk j m ve KZ mg qi Rb 8.2 UªvbwRU ev hvîv weiwzi mg q KiYxq hvîxmy K g b ivl Z n e UªvbwRU wegvbe ` i Zv `i PK&W& e vm msmö ni cö qvrb bb, gvjvgvj mivmwi MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` i P j hv e Ges MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` i wm q gvjvgvj msmön Ki Z n e UªvbwR Ui Î ga ez x ` ki wegvbe ` i wegvb AeZi Yi ci hvîx `i K myk Ljfv e b g meyr wksev jvj is G wpwýz K v bw±s (Connecting)/UªvÝdvi (Transfer) Zxi ( ) wpý AbymiY K i G Mv Z n e 39

48 Gici hvîxmy `i wmwkdwiwu PwKs Gi Rb cö Z n Z n e hlv b wbivcëv Zjøvwki Rb Zv `i K vwiab e vm I QvU nvz e vm G i gwk bi gva g PK Kiv n e GLv b D jøl, wbivcëv Zjøvwki mgq cwiwnz ^Y vj¼vi, Nwo, eë I RyZv Ly j G i gwk b Zjøvwki Rb w` Z n e GKB mgq hvîxm Yi `n guvj ww UKUi/Metal Detector gwk bi gva g Zjøvwk Kiv n e wbivcëv Zjøvwki ci hvîxmy K Zvi K vwiab e vm, QvU nvz e vm, ^Y vj¼vi, Nwo, eë, RyZv I Ab vb wrwbmcî jv mzk Zvi mv _ msmön Ki Z n e Gici hvîxmy K evww s Kv W DwjøwLZ d vbu b ^iwu KLb Kvb Uvwg bvj MU _ K Qvo e Zv R b wb Z n e wbw` ó Uvwg bvj MU b ^iwu AbymÜvb W A_ev wwm cø gwbui _ K R b wb Z n e MU b ^i jv wegvbe ` i meyr wksev jvj is-g hvîvi c_/w`k Zxi ( ) wpý Øviv wpwýz Kiv _v K wbw` ó MU b ^iwu wbwðz n q Zxi ( ) wpý Øviv wpwýz c_ AbymiY K i Uvwg bvj MUwU Luy R ei Ki Z n e AšÍZc wegvb Qvovi GK N Uv Av M wbw` ó GqvijvBÝ PK Bb KvD Uv i wi cvu Ki Z n e hvîv weiwz `xn n j wegvbe ` i I qwus jvd Ä e m wekövg Kiv, LvIqv I Uq ju e envi Kiv hv e G Î H ` ki UvKv _vk j A_ev Wjvi ev BD iv w` q Lvevi Kbv hv e hw` hvîxmy wegvbe ` i Nygvb Zvn j e vm I Ab vb wrwbmc Îi Î we kl mzk _vk Z n e hw` hvîxmy wegvbe ` i Nygvb Zvn j GKwU Gjvg mu Kiv evâbxq hv Z wzwb wba vwiz mg q DV Z cv ib wegvbe ` i A b i cö `q Lvevi, e vm I Ab vb wrwbmcî G Kev ib MÖnY Kiv hv ebv Uq ju e env ii cö qvrb n ji wb Ri e vm I Ab vb wrwbmcî mve wykfv e wb Ri Kv Q ivl Z n e evww s Gi mgq NvlYv n j jvb b `uvwo q myk Ljfv e evww s MB U AMÖmi n Z n e GK GK K i hlb hvîxi wb Ri mgq Avm e ZLb GqvijvBb Awdmvi K hvîxi evww s KvW, wuwku I cvm cvu cö`k b Ki Z n e Awdmvi evww s Kv W i GKwU Ask wq o wb Ri Kv Q ivl e Ab Ask wuwku I cvm cvu mn diz ` e hvîx K Zvi cvm cvu, wuwku I evww s Kv W i Aewkó AskwU ey S cviqvi ci Lye hzœ mnkv i mzk Zvi mv _ nvz e v M i L wmwkdwiwu P Ki R b AMÖmi n Z n e hlv b Avevi Av Mi gz mewkqzi wbivcëv Zjøvwk n e hlb evww s Gi NvlYv Avm e ZLb jvb b `uvov Z n e, axiw i n q myk Lj fv e jvbbwu AbymiY K i wegv b Av ivn Yi Rb AMÖmi n Z n e wpî 18: wegvbe ` i K v bw±s (Connecting)/ UªvÝdvi (Transfer) Zxi ( ) wp ýi bgybv wpî 19: guvj ww UKUi bgybv 40

49 GB mgq hvîx K Av Mi wbq gb Zvi evww s Kv W i AskwU nv Z ivl Z n e Ges wegv b Av ivn Yi mgq KvW wu wegvbevjv K cö`k b Ki Z n e 41

50 Aa vq: 9 MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bv GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I KiYxqmg~n ej Z cvi eb; MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bvi cöwμqv ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` i KiYxq m ú K cö`k b, cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 15wgwbU MšÍ e (Kg j) cšqv bv cö`k b, cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv cö`k b, cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv 15wgwbU cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i g a B Zvc~ e whwb we ` k wm q Qb Zv K MšÍe ` k cušqv bvi ci wegvbe ` ii KiYxq m ú K ms c ej Z ejyb AZtci B Zvc~ e cö`wk Z ÒhvÎvÓ WKzWªvgvi Dci wfwë K i MšÍe ` k cušqv bvi ci wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv cö kœvëi c wz Z ms c Av jvpbv Kiæb MšÍe ` k cšuqv bvi ci GKRb Awfevmxi wb Ri Kg j cušqv bvi Rb Kx Kx Kiv cö qvrb mb welqmg~n gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: h_vh_fv e MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv m úv`b K i wbivc ` MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bvi gva g AvbyôvwbKfv e GKRb Awfevmx köwg Ki ågy cöwμqvi mgvwß N U ågy cöwμqvi c~e ez x avc jvi gz GB me kl avcwui Lye iæz c~y ZvB MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I KiYxq Ges MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bvi cöwμqv m ú K fv jvfv e AewnZ niqv cö qvrb bzzev AbvKvw LZ mgm v I RwUjZv ˆZix n Z cv i GB Aa v q Awfevmx köwgkmy `i MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv I KiYxq Ges MšÍ e (Kg j) cušqv bv cöwμqv m ú K AewnZ Kiv n e 9.1 MšÍe ` ki wegvbe ` i AvMgb wegvb AeZi bi NvlYv bv Avmv ch ší wmu eë euvav Ae vq e m _vk Z n e NvlYv Avmvi ci D V axiw ifv e e vm ivlvi vb _ K wb Ri K vwiab e vm, QvU nvz e vm I Ab vb wrwbmcî jv mzk Zvi mv _ msmön Ki Z n e wbwðz Ki Z n e hvîx hb Zvi Kvb wrwbmcî e Lqv j d j bv hvq Lqvj ivl Z n e e vm I Ab vb wrwbmcî bvgv bvi mgq e LqvjekZ nvz _ K Kvb wrwbm c o/dm K wm q wb Ri I A b i `yn Ubvi KviY bv nq Gici jvbb AbymiY K i axiw ifv e wegvb _ K ei n q Avm Z n e wegvb _ K ei n q myk Ljfv e meyr wksev jvj is G wpwýz G ivbfvj (Arrival)/G w U (Exit) Zxi ( ) wpý AbymiY K i Bwg MÖkb (Immigration Desk) W i w` K h Z n e 42

51 9.2 Bwg MÖkY Bwg MÖkb (Immigration Desk) W i mvg b G m hvîxmy K j Ki Z n e mlv b b vkbvj/(national) I d ibbvi (Foreigner) jlv m ^wjz `yb ai bi mvbb evw Awfevmx köwgkmy K d ibbvi (Foreigner) jlv m ^wjz mvbb ev W i mvg bi jvbbwu AbymiY Ki Z n e cvm cvu, wfmv, PKwii Pzw³cÎ, c~iyk Z Bwg MÖkb dg / wwr&g ^v K kb KvW I Kv g&m& dg mn hvîx K ˆZix _vk Z n e Gici hvîxmy K wb gœv³ AvbyôvwbKZv m úv`b Ki Z n e: wpî 20: Bwg MÖkb (Immigration Desk) W i bgybv mvwie fv e Bwg MÖk bi mvg b jvbb w` q `uvov Z n e KL bv jvbbwu AwZμg K i mvg b hviqv DwPZ n e bv g b ivl Z n e GUv wkóvpvi ewnf ~Z AvPiY G K G K K i hlb hvîxi wb Ri mgq Avm e ZLb Bwg MÖkb Awdmv ii Kv Q cvm cvu, wfmv, PvKwii Pzw³cÎ, hvîxi c~iy Kiv Bwg MÖkb dg /wwr&g ^v K kb KvW Rgv w` Z n e GB mgq Bwg MÖkb Awdmvi hvîx K wkqz cökœ Ki Z cv i hgb: Kv_vq KvR Ki eb? (Where will you go to work?) Avcbvi PvKwi`vZvi bvg Kx? (Who is your employer?) hvîx K ZvB Gai bi wkqz cö kœi Rb gvbwmkfv e cö Z _vkv fv jv Bwg MÖkb Awdmvi mkj KvMRcÎ cix v k l mewkqz wvk _vk j cvm cv U H ` k AvMg bi ZvwiLmn mxj w` q ` eb Bwg MÖkb Awdmvi hvîxi Qwe Zzj eb GB mg Í AvbyôvwbKZv m úv` bi ci Bwg MÖkb Awdmvi mkj KvMRcÎ diz ` e Ges hvîx K fz i cö ek Kivi AbygwZ ` e hvîx K Zvi cvm cvu, wfmv I PvKwii Pzw³cÎ ey S cviqvi ci Lye hzœ mnkv i mzk Zvi mv _ nvz e v M ivl Z n e 9.3 e vm msmön Bwg MÖk bi AvbyôvwbKZv m úv` bi ci c~ e i g Zv meyr wksev jvj is-g wpwýz G vivbfvj (Arrival)/G w U (Exit) Zxi ( ) wpý AbymiY K i e v MR msmö ni Rb wbw` ó Kb fqvi e ëi w` K h Z n e wwm cø w Œ b wegv bi b ^i Øviv hvîx Zvi wbw` ó Kb fqvi e ëi b ^iwu R b wb Z cvi e wegvbe ` ii KvD K ev Ab hvîxi Kv QI G Î webxzfv e mvnvh PvIqv h Z cv i wbw` ó Kb fqvi e ëi mvg b `uvov Z n e Kb fqvi e ëi Ic i GqvijvB Ýi bvg I d vbu b ^i `qv _vk e wpî 21: Kb fqvi e ëi bgybv cö qvr b e v MR enb Kivi Uªwj U b wb q e ëi mvg b h Z n e Kb fqvi eë _ K wb Ri e vmwu wp b wb q mveav b bvgv Z n e, hv Z Ab Kvb hvîx AvNvZ bv cvb 43

52 9.4 e vm nviv bv e vm nviv bv M j mv _ mv _ j GÛ dvdû W (Lost and Found Desk) Ges GqvijvBÝ K Rvbv Z n e Ges K Bg dg c~iy Ki Z n e d g ågy msμvší cö qvrbxq Z_ hgb köwg Ki bvg, Kg ji bvg, wvkvbv, dvb b ^i hw` _v K, cvm cvu b ^i, wfmv b ^i, GqvijvB Ýi bvg I d vbu b ^i BZ vw` D jøl Ki Z n e GqvijvBÝ e vm Luy R ei K i d g DwjøwLZ wvkvbvq hvîxi mv _ hvmv hvm Ki e nviv bv e vm Luy R ei K i d g DwjøwLZ wvkvbvq hvîxi mv _ hvmv hvm Ki e nviv bv e vm Luy R c j GqvijvBÝ hvîx K cuš Q `qvi e e v Ki e bv cviqv M j wuwk U DwjøwLZ bxwzgvjv Abyhvqx hvîx K wzc~iy `qv n e Kvb Kvb GqvijvBÝ _ K Î we k l Zvr wykfv e wkqy wzc~iy cö`vb Kiv nq 9.5 Kv gm Gqvi cvu Z v Mi c~ e Kv gm wk qv iý W Kv gm wwk v ikb dg Rgv w` Z n e GLv b vbv ii mvnv h hvîx I e v Mi wbivcëv Zjøvkx Kiv nq Kv g&m& Awdmvi wb ` k w` j cö qvr b hvîx K e vm Ly j `Lv Z n e 9.6 MšÍe j ev Kg j hvîv köwgk K `k _ KB wbwðz n Z n e K Zv K wegvbe `i _ K wb Z Avm e M nkgx I mevkgx `i Rb M ngvwjk, wiμywus G RwÝi gva g MÖæc wfmvq M j H ` k Zv `i cöwzwbwa Avm e MšÍe ` k Awfevmx K wegvbe `i _ K h wb Z Avm e Zv K wegv bi bvg, b ^i I mgq BZ vw` cö qvrbxq Z_ Rvwb q w` Z n e hw` m e nq B-wU K Ui GKwU Kwc Zv K cvwv q `qv h Z cv i wegvbe ` ii Kvb wbw` ó RvqMv _ K hvîx K wb Z Avm e ZvI wvk K i ivl Z n e Kvb AvZ xq ev cwiwpz e w³i gva g e w³mz D ` v M PvKwi c j H e w³ wegvbe `i _ K Kgx K MšÍe j wb Z Avm eb Aek B hvîxi mv _ wegv bi b ^i, MšÍe ` k wvkvbv, wrc KvWmn PvKwi`vZvi wvkvbv, dvb b ^i Ges wegvbe `i _ K MšÍe v b cušqv bvi gvbwpî ivl Z n e hw` cö qvrb c o G jv Kv R jvm e 44

53 Aa vq: 10 MšÍe ` k Aew Z evsjv `k wgk b/`~zvev m wi cvu GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY MšÍe ` k evsjv `k wgkb/`~zvev m wi cvu Kivi cö qvrbxqzv I `~Zvevm KZ K cö `q mev mg~n ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 45 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq Awfevmx köwg Ki Rb wgkb/`~zvevm cö`ë mev I my hvm-myweav cö`k b, cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 45 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i g a _ K we `k diz h Kvb GKRb K MšÍe ` k cušqv bvi ci GKRb Awfevmxi Kb evsjv ` ki `~Zvev m wi cv U Kiv Riæix m m ú K ej Z ejyb cö qvr b mnvqk mnvqzv Kiæb AZtci Awfevmx köwg Ki Rb wgkb/`~zvevm cö`ë mev I my hvm myweav gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: MšÍe ` k cušqv bvi ci Awfevmx köwg Ki cö_g iæz c~y KvR n jv H ` k Aew Z evsjv `k wgk b Zvi AvMgb, Kg ji I evm v bi wvkvbv Ges hvmv hv Mi wvkvbv Rvwb q wi cvu Kiv Z n e g b ivl Z n e, Awfevmx köwgk PvKwiiZ ` k Kvb wec`/rwujzvi m ylxb n j evsjv `k wgkb/`~zvevm Zv K ` ki c _ K mvnvh cö`vb K i _v K 10.1 evsjv `kx `~Zvevm we ` k _vkv Ae vq A bk ai bi wec` Avc` n Z cv i GUv wbwðz cö_ g Awfevmx köwgk K wb Ri mgm v wb R mgvav bi Rb Póv Ki Z n e Av kcv k hviv AwfÁ e w³, eüz, mnkgx Av Qb Zviv wbðqb mn hvwmzv Ki Z cv ib cöevmx wb qvmkz viv mvnvh Ki Z cvi eb, Zv `i mv _ Aek B cwi ek cwiw wz ey S Av jvpbv Ki Z n e evsjv `kx köwgk h mkj ` k Ae vb Ki Q mme ` k evsjv ` ki `~Zvevm Av Q, Zv `i Kv Q cö qvr b mn hvwmzv PvIqv h Z cv i Igv b evsjv `k `yzvev mi wvkvbv Embassy of the People s Republic of Bangladesh Building No. 5903, street No.664 Opposite to Cee Qurum Muscat. Sultanate of Oman Telephone: Fax: bangle@omantel.net.com 45

54 10.2 h mkj Z_ wgkb _ K Rvbv h Z cv i Awfevmx ` ki ms wz, mvgvwrk wbqgkvbyb, ixwzbxwz I AvBbKvbyb m úwk Z Z_ vbxq mkj GbwRI I wmwfj mvmvbwu ms v Awfevmx köwgk `i Rb KvR K i Zv `i Z_ I wvkvbv H ` k emevmkvix Ab vb evsjv `kxi wvkvbv 10.3 Awfevmx köwg Ki Rb wgkb/`~zvevm cö`ë mevmg~n `~Zvevm Awfevmx köwg Ki Rb wbgœœv³ mevmg~n cö`vb K i _v K: cvm cv U i gqv` DËxY niqvi c~ e B Awfevmx köwgk K wgk bi/`~zvev mi gva g Zvi cvm cvu bevqb Ki Z n e wgk bi/`~zvev mi gva g cviqvi Ae GUb x/mb`cî/wbkvnbvgv I Ab vb cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ mz vwqz Ki Z n e evsjv `kx `i g a we q n j, wgkb m Î we q iwr&w ª K i _v K grywi bv cviqv, Aí grywi/pzw³ Z DwjøwLZ grywii P q Kg grywi cö`vb wksev PvKwi`vZvi mv _ KvR m úwk Z ` ` i m wó n j Awfevmx köwgk wgk b/`~zvev m wjwlz Av e`b Ki Z cv ib `~Zvevm Gme Î mvnvh K i `yn UbvRwbZ g Ze w³i e Kqv ezb fvzv Av`v qi Rb AvBbMZ mnvqzv K i g Ze w³i jvk ` k cvvv Z mnvqzv K i wwgvû juvi/wfmv mz vqb K i W KbWv± mb` (cywjk wk qv iý mb`) cö`vb K i Av e`bc Îi bgybv `~Zvev mi kög DBs q cviqv hvq wgkb/`~zvevm PvKwi`vZvi mv _ hvmv hvm K i mgm v mgvav bi Póv K i _v K mgm v mgvavb bv n j kög `ßi, kög Av`vjZ A_ev kixqvn Av`vj Zi kiyvcbœ n Z n e Av`vj Z Av e`b ck Kiv Ges ïbvwbi Rb Awfevmx köwgk wgk bi/`~zvev mi wbku AvBb mnvqzvkvix Ges Abyev` Ki mnvqzv PvB Z cv i Kvb cöevmx evsjv `kx Zvi wbr cö Póvq wbkur bi Rb Kvb wfmv msmön Ki j Zv `~Zvev m cix v Kwi q wb Z cv i GLv b cöm½z D jøl mšw` Avie, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ, wm½vcyi, KvZvi I evnivb b AbjvB b wfmv hvpvb Kiv hvq cöev m Awfevmx `i Kvb mgm vi Rb hw` cöiykvix wiμywus G RwÝ `vqx _v K, Z e `~Zvev mi gva g Rbkw³, Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv Z D³ G RwÝi bv g Awf hvm `vwlj Ki Z cv i G Î cöevmx evsjv `kxmy AbjvB bi ( gva g Awf hvm Ki Z cvi eb bvix Kg x `i wbivcëvrwbz Kvi Y Kg x `i DwPZ Aek B Kg j m ú K Av MB `~Zvevm K AewnZ Kiv Ges mgm vq covi mv _ mv _ `~Zvev m hvmv hvm Kiv bvix Kg xi Awfevm bi cii jevi G vuv P/`~Zvevm wbgœwjwlz f~wgkv ivl Z cv ib: úý ii mv _ wbqwgz hvmv hvm, Kvb Kvi Y cvwj q Avmv bvix Kg xi Avkª qi e e v Kiv, M n vwj Kg x I úý ii hvmv hv Mi b ^imn WvUv er ˆZix Kiv 46

55 10.4 mev cövwßi Rb KiYxq (K) cvm cvu bevqb 1. wwwruvj cvm cv U bevqb (GgAviwc) c~iyk Z wba vwiz dig GK Kwc cvm cvu mvbr Qwe g~j cvm cv U i d UvKwc (1-8 c ôv wfmvi c ôvmn) Rb wbeüb/rvzxq cwipqc Îi d UvKwc wd: ÔGÕ K vuvmwi: 404 Kv:wi: ÔweÕ K vuvmwi: 122 Kv:wi: AbjvB b Av e`b Kivi Rb jmbb Kiæb: K vuvmwi t ÔGÕ Wv³vi, BwÄwbqvi, AvBbRxex, wk K, AvwK U±, mikvwi I emikvwi cöwzôv b Kg iz e e vck/gkvd Um Kg KZ v, `~Zvev m Kg iz e w³, e emvqx, QvÎ (nv Z jlv cvm cv U i Î), wbf ikxj I bervzk (Gg.Avi.wc. Gi Î), M wnbx ( ^vgxi ckv Abyhvqx), cövb fu mvwf m K vumwi t ÔweÕ köwgk/ jevi, nvdr eq, Awdm eq, wu eq, kdvw, mvnvh Kvix, wk bvi, g mävi, KzK, I quvi, K lk, KvwiMi ( ekvix), gvwj, mxg vb, mjm&g vb, Iqvmvig vb, R j, mjyb Kg x ( nqvi Wªmvi), gmb, MvoxPvjK, eypvi, B jkwuªwkqvb, `wr, cb Uvi, Kv c Uvi, gkvwbk, w j wd vi, cv ^vi, Cgvg, gvqvw¾b, M nkg x (Lv `g/lvw`gv), W Uvi, wbf ikxj I bervzk (nv Z jlv cvm cv U i Î), QvÎ (Gg.Avi.wc.Gi ÿ Î), M wnbx ( ^vgxi ckv Abyhvqx) 2. cvm cvu bevqb (nv Z jlv) `yb Kwc cvm cvu mvb Ri Qwe g~j cvm cvu c~iyk Z wba vwiz dg wd: 3. nv Z jlv bzyb cvm cvu c~iyk Z wba vwiz dg 4(Pvi)Kwc cvm cvu mvbr Qwe g~j cvm cvu wd: 4. nv Z jlv nviv bv cvm cv U i Î nviv bv cvm cv U i d UvKwc wfmvi d UvKwc vbxq cywjk ók bi wi cvu bzzb cvm cvu Bmÿ i Rb Kv úvbx/ úýi KZ K cö`ë wpwv 47

56 Igvbx AvBwW Kwc (hw` _v K) wd: (L) Rb wbeüb mb` 1. cövß eq `i Î c~iyk Z wba vwiz dg cvm cv U i d UvKwc (1-8 c ôv ch ší) 2. Igv b /we ` k Rb MÖnYKvix wkïi Î c~iyk Z wba vwiz dig nvmcvzv ji Rb wbeüb mb`/ev_ mvwu wd KU evev I gv qi cvm cv U i d UvKwc 3. evsjv ` k Rb MÖnYKvix wkïi Î c~iyk Z wba vwiz dg cvm cv U i d UvKwc (1-8 c ôv ch ší) wd: (M) W KÛv±/cywjk wk qv iý/kwdj PÄ mvwu wd KU wba vwiz c~iyk Z dg 03 (wzb) Kwc cvm cvu mvb Ri Qwe cvm cv U i d UvKwc (1-8 c ôv wfmvi c ôvmn) 02 (`yb) Rb mv xi cvm cv U i d UvKwc (1-8 c ôv wfmvi c ôvmn) wd: (N) Uªv fj cviwgu (wuwc)/avdu cvm wba vwiz c~iyk Z dg 03 (wzb) Kwc cvm cvu mvb Ri Qwe cvm cv U i d UvKwc (1-8 c ôv wfmvi c ôvmn) 02 (`yb) Rb mv xi cvm cv U i d UvKwc (1-8 c ôv wfmvi c ôvmn), D jøl, mv xmy K `~Zvev m G m A ea jvk K wzwb wp bb I Rv bb g g ^v cö`vb Ki Z n e (5) wd: (O) g Z e w³i jvk ` k cöiy g Z e w³i gyj cvm cvu W_ mvwu wd KU/g Zz mb` vbxq cywjk wk qv iý ccvi Kv úvbx KZ K mjvix wk qv iý ccvi jvk enbkvix e w³i cvm cv U i d UvKwc 48

57 (P) mb`cî I wbkvnbvgv mz vqb evsjv ` ki wk v mb`cîmn Ab vb iæz c~y KvMRcÎvw` hv Igv bi ciivóª gš Yvj qi mz vqb cö qvrb, mme `wjj/kvmrcî mz vq bi c~ e Aek B evsjv ` ki ciivóª gš Yvjq KZ K mz vwqz n Z n e ciivóª gš Yvj qi Kbmÿ jvi kvlvq Gme mb`/`wjj/wbkvnbvgv mz vqb Kiv nq ciivóª gš Yvjq XvKvq RvZxq C`Mvn& gvv ev nvb Kv U i wecix Z Aew Z 10.5 `~Zvev mi gva g Awfevmx köwg Ki Rb cö`ë my hvm myweav m ú K AewnZ niqv cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb gš Yvj qi NvwlZ Kj vyg~jk Kg KvÛ I my hvm myweav m ú K `~Zvev mi gva g AewnZ niqv hvq cöevmx evsjv `kxmy `~Zvev mi gva g wbgœwjwlz myweavmg~ ni Rb Av e`b Ki Z cv i I qr Avb vm W fjc g U eû, wcöwgqvg eû I Wjvi eû μq; mikvwi cøu μq (ivrdk, M nvqb KZ c ); mikvwi ch v qi GcvU g U μq; iwg UÝ cöiykvix cöevmx evsjv `kxm Yi Rb we kl myweav: `yn Ubv, Amȳ Zv I Ab vb Kvi Y c½y n j `~Zvev mi gva g mikvwi e q ` k diz Avmv; `yn Ubv msμvší wzc~iy I g Z zrwbz wzc~iy Av`vq; ` k ˆea c _ A_ cöi Yi e e v m ú K hvezxq Z_ vw` I cö qvrbxq mnvqzv; wb qvmkvix ` ki AvBb Kvbyb I Kg cwi ek m ú K Z_ vw` msmön; ` k vei m úwë, Rwg Rgvi wbivcëv 49

58

59 Aa vq: 11 MšÍe `k K (Igvb) Rvbv GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY MšÍe `k Igv bi msw ß cwiwpwz A_ vr AvenvIqv, ms wz, fvlv, Lv`, cvkvk, evm vb, AvBb k Ljv BZ vw` m ú K mvaviy Z_ ej Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq Igv bi msw ß cwiwpwz (fvlv Lv`, cvkvk, agx q, ivr bwzk, mvgvwrk mvs wzk Abykvmb, AvenvIqv, evm vb AvBb k Ljv AwfÁZv wewbgq cökœ Ëvi Av jvpbv, cö`k b evw, gvk vi gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc 30 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` kbv AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb Zv `i g a Igvb wm q Qb Ggb KD Av Qb wkbv _vk j Igv bi AvenvIqv I evm v bi cwi ek m ú K ej Z ejyb bv _vk j mnvqk msw ßfv e avibv w`b we ` k Kv iv _vkvi c~e AwfÁZv _vk j Zv mk ji mvg b ej Z ejyb wgdwrk wfwwiwu `Lvb Ges Zvrch we kly Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i Avev iv cökœ Kiæb Zv `i g a Avi KD Igvb wm q Qb wkbv wm q _vk j Zv K Igv bi mvgvwrk, mvs wzk wbqg, agx q, ivr bwzk, mvgvwrk, mvs wzk Abykvmb I AvBb k sljv m ú K ej Z ejyb gvwëwgwwqvi gva g Igv bi msw ß cwiwpwz cö`k b I e vl Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: ms wz I mvgvwrk Abykvmb jv `k I mgvr f ` wfbœ nq ZvB Awfevmx köwgkmy K bzzb cwi e k fvjfv e Lvc LvIqv bvi Rb MšÍe ` ki ms wzi mv _ cwiwpz niqv I mvgvwrk Abykvmb jv I AvBb k Ljv m ú K cöv_wgk aviyv _vkv AZ ší cö qvrb ZvB G Aa v q cwievi wew Qbœ Awfevmx Kgx MY Kg Î I e w³mz ch v q hb ^v Q ` eva K i Zvi c~e cö wz wn m e MšÍe ` ki AvenvIqv, ms wz, fvlv, evm vb, AvBb Kvbyb BZ vw`i m ú K wkqz mvaviy aviyv cö`vb Kiv n e GLv b D jøl h, `k wfwëk cöwk Y AskMÖn Yi gva g Awfevmx köwgkmy h wbw` ó ` k hv Qb mb `k m ú K Av iv we ÍvwiZ Rvb Z cvi eb 51

60 mvaviy Z_ vejx 11.1 msw ß cwiwpwz Igvb evsjv `k _ K cövq wk jvwguvi ev gvbj cwð g Aew Z GwU Avie we k i cövpxbzg ^vaxb Ges Ab Zg HwZn evnx `k Igvb Avie DcmvM ii `w Y-c~e Kv Y, cvim DcmvM ii gy L B q gb I mshy³ Avie Avwgiv Zi gv S MyiæZ c~y Ae v b Aew Z 309,500 em wk jvwguvi RvqMv Ry o Aew Z GB `kwui `w Y-cwð g mšw` Avi ei mv _ 676 wk jvwguvi mxgvbv i q Q Igvb GKwU ga Av qi `k hlv b cvwievwik ivrzš cöpwjz i q Q Z ji cövpzh Kgvi Kvi Y `kwu Zvi A_ bxwz K Av iv ˆewPÎ gq Kivi Póv Ki Q, hw`i Zj m ú` _ K Avq GL bv Igv bi RvZxq Av qi cövq 40% Igvb gvbe Dbœqb m~p K ek DbœwZ K i Q `kwu 2010 mv ji gvbe Dbœqb wi cv U Avq e wzz Ab m~p K Òme P q DbœZ 10Ó wu ` ki GKwU ivóªxq bvg AvqZb kvmb e e v ivóªcöavb mikvi cöavb : mvjzvbvz Ae Igvb : 309,500 em wk jvwguvi : cvwievwik ivrzš KviAv bi kixqvn AvBb I nv`x mi Av jv K cwipvwjz nq : myjzvb : myjzvb Igv bi gvbwpî : wpî 22: Igv bi gvbwpî 52

61 ivravbx mgq : gvm&ku (Ab vb kni mvjvjv, wbhyqv, mvnvi, myi) : wrggwu+4 (evsjv `k _ K 2 N Uv cqv bv) dvb KvW : 968 B jkwuªwmwu IRb Ges cwigvck ag QzwU fvlv: : 220/110 fvë : gwuªk c wz MÖvg/wjUvi ˆ`N /cö : wguvi : Igvbx `i cöavb ag Bmjvg 75% Bev`x gymjgvb, evkx 25% Gi g a wkqv, mybœx gymjgvb I wn `y cöavb : BmjvwgK Drme I iæz c~y RvZxq w`e m QzwU _v K e n úwzevi I ïμevi mikvwi QywUi w`b M nk g Kv bv mvßvwnk QywU _v K bv Z e gvwjk mvaviyz weköv gi mgq w` q _v K gvnv ` (mt) Zuvi Rb w`b, C` Dj wdzi, C` Dj Avhnv, wnrix I Bs iwr beel, RvZxq w`em (18 b f ^i), i bmuv w`em (23 RyjvB) h nzz BmjvwgK QzwU Pvù `Lvi Dci wbf ikxj, ZvB QzwUi w`bmg~n cöwz eqi cwiewz Z nq : Awfevmx köwgkmy h ` k hv Q mb ` ki fvlv m ú K cöv_wgk Ávb _vk Z n e Igv bi cöavb fvlv Aviwe Bs iwr fvlvi e eüz nq GQvovI ejywp, D` yi A bk mgq e eüz nq Igvbxiv Zv `i cwievi K Lye cövavb `q Zviv Zv `i Mvôxi jvk `i mv _ K_v ejvi mgq Zv `i fvb, evb BZ vw` e j m ^vab K i _v K (cwiwkó 1: wkqz wbz e envh Aviwe kãzvwjkv I K _vck_b mshy³) weggbwumn Ab vb A bk emikvwi ms vi fvlvmz cöwk Y cö`v bi Kg m~px Av Q mlvb _ K fvlvmz cöwk Y wb Z n e g b ivl Z n e, ch vß fvlvmz Ávb mdj Awfevm bi Ab Zg c~e kz wk v ivóªxq gỳ ªv : Igv b wkÿv eva Zvg~jK bv n ji A ezwbk Igv bi mvÿizvi nvi GK mgq ek Kg wqj (1990 mv j 54.7%) m úªwz (2002) GwU e o 75% G `uvwo q Q Z e cövßeq cyiæl I bvix `i g a mvÿizvi ˆelg GLbI i q M Q Igv b GKwU gvî RvZxq wek we` vjq i q Q hvi bvg myjzvb KveyR wek we` vjq GwU 1986 mv j cöwzwôz nq : Igvbx gỳ ªvi bvg Igvbx wiqvj Igvbx wiqvj 100, 200 evbmv, 1/2, 1, 5, 10, 20 I 50 wiqv ji bvu nq K qb nq 5, 10, 25 I 50 evbmv 1 evbmv = wiqv ji 1/1000 ez gv b 1 Igvbx wiqvj= 2.6 BDGm Wjvi Ges 201 UvKv (cövq) 53

62 cöavb wkí : Zj Ges Zj kvabvmvi, cövk wzk M vm, Kcvi RbmsL v/rbmy : Igv bi ez gvb RbmsL v 33.1 j Gi g a A a Ki ewk nj Avie GQvovI Igv b D jøl hvm cwigv Y ejywp, fvizxq, cvwk Ívbx, köxjskvb, Avwd«Kvb I evsjv `kx esk zz jvk emevm K i bb Igvbx `i g a fvizxq 54%, evsjv `kx 15% I 2% nj köxjskvb Igv bi g~j Awaevmx `i Mo Avqy 73 eqi(cyiæl) I 76 (bvix) AvenvIqv : we ` k AvenvIqvi mv _ Lvc LvIqv bv Kgx `i Rb GKwU iæz c~y welq MšÍe ` ki AvenvIqvi Dci wbf i K i Rxeb hvîv cwipvjbv Ki Z n e we `k hvevi c~ e h ` k Awfevmx köwgk hv Qb, m `k m ú K fv jvfv e aviyv wb q h Z n e Igvb giæf~wgi `k n ji mgỳ ªZxieZx e j AvenvIqv Avivg`vqK mgỳ ªZ U Av`ª I Mig, fz ii w` K Mig I ky g _ K m Þ ^i ch ší w` bi ejv ZvcgvÎv 40 wwwmª mjwmqv mi ewk I V bv A ±vei _ K GwcÖj ch ší ZvcgvÎv K g wm q 22 wwwmö mjwmqv mi g a _v K Z e giæf~wg GjvKvq ewk Mig avdv i gšmygx e wócvz nq g _ K m Þ ^i gv m Z e Ab vb GjvKvq Zgb e wócvz nq bv MÖx Kv j fz ii w` K wekvj giæ So I Liv n q _v K f~-mvb I cwi ek: Igvb mgzj f wg, DcZ Kvi Ges ce Z kªyx wb q MwVZ Igv bi kzkiv 80 fv MiI ewk GjvKv giæf~wg, 15% ce Z Ges gvî 3% DcK~jxq mgf~wg ` ki ewkifvm RvqMvq cvnvo Avi giæ f~wg ZvB G ` ki kzkiv 50 fvm jvk ivravbx gv U I evwubvn kn i evm K i ivr bwzk Rxeb : Igv b Kv bv ivr bwzk `j bvb, GKwU msm` i q Q GwU ivrzš (myjzvb) kvwmz `k myjzvb ivó«cöavb Ges wzwb cöavbgš x wnmv ei KvR K ib Zvi GKwU gš x cwil` i q Q Igv b KvDwÝj Ae U I grwjm Avj ïiv wb q MwVZ GKwU wø-k wewkó msm` i q Q grwjm Avj ïiv cöwzwbwaiv RbMY KZ K wbev wpz nb bvixivi ez gv b G wbev P b cªwzøw ` Zv Ki Z cv ib 1996 mv j Igvb wjwlz msweavb ˆZix K i wepvi e e v : Igvbx wepvi e e vi g~j wfwë kixqvn AvBb AvÂwjK wfwë Z Iqvjx Ges KvRxi gva g wepvikvr m úv`b Kiv nq Igv bi cö_g dšr`vix wepvi e e v cöpwjz nq 1974 mv j Igv b kixqvn AvBb g~jz cvwievwik AvBb wn m e cöpwjz hgb we q, ZvjvK e emv evwy R i Î AvaywbK AvBb cöpwjz m úªwz mgmö wepvi e e v Ministry of Justice Aax b Avbv n q Q Public Prosecutors office I mycöxg KvU I ˆZix Kiv n q Q A_ bwzk Rxeb : Igvb ga Av qi `k, gỳ ªvùxwZ Kg Igvb wek evwyr ms vq hvm `q 2000 mv j I evrvi Db y³ Kivi cöwμqv ïiæ K i mikvi we `wk `i Dci wbf ikxjzv Kgv bvi Póv Ki Q, hv Z Igv bi Awaevmx `i ekviz Kgv bv hvq 54

63 emikvwi we `wk wewb qvm Igv bi wkí, Z_ cªhyw³, ch Ub I D Pwk vq ek eo f~wgkv i L Q Igv bi Mo Avq wqj 9000 gvwk b Wjvi K wl Igv bi wrwwwc Z gvî 3% f~wgkv iv L ` ki kzkiv 1 fv MiI Kg RvqMv K wlkv Ri Dc hvmx Gi ewkifvmb LRyi evmvb LRyi QvovI U g Uv, ZigyR Ges Kjvi Pvl nq ` ki fz i KvbI b`x ev Lvj bb A bkkvj Av M gvbyl m Pi Rb Lvj ˆZwi K iwqj gyiæf~wg Z i q Q gyiæ` vb wkí 80% I mevcö`vbkvix Î 57% Igv bi wrwwwc Z f~wgkv iv L g~j K wl cy n jv LRyi, jey, Kjv, Avjdvjdv, mewr, DU, Mevw` cï I gvq wk íi g a i q Q A kvaxz Zj Drcv`b I cwi kvab, cövk wzk M vm Drcv`b, wbg vywkí, wm g U Drcv`b, Kcvi I w j Drcv`b, KwgK vj wkí I AcwUK dvbevi ˆZix Zj Avwe Z nq 1964 Z Z ji gvwjkvbv Igvb, b`vij vû I d«v Ýi Igvb Zvi wegvbe `i, mgỳ ªe `i I iv Ívi aviy gzv evov Q Kcvi Zvjv I cwi kvab wkí w`b w`b e w cv Q ez gv b A bk Zj kvavbvmvi, c Uªv KwgK vj Kg cø, mvi KviLvbv I Abvb wkí cöwzôvb cöwzwôz n Q Awfevmb bxwz hvbevnb : Igvb 2006 G Awfevmx köwgk I Zv `i cwiev ii m`m `i AwaKvi msi Y msμvší AvšÍR vwzk Kb fbkb ^v i K i Igv b Kvb M nkgx hw` Zvi wb qvmkz v ev Zvi cwiev ii m`m Øviv wbh vz bi wkkvi nq Z e m PvKwi Q o w` Z cv i, hv Ab vb Avie DcmvMixq ` k m e bq hy³iv óªi mv _ wøcvw K Pzw³i Ask wn m e Igvb Zvi kög AvBb cwiez b K i Q 2006 Gi RvwiK Z Aa v `k, emikvwi köwgk `i UªW BDwbqb MVb Kivi I kvwšíc~y Av `vjb Kivi AwaKvi w` q Q Z e, fwel Z Igvb A` köwgk biqv Kwg q ` e, Avi ` köwgk biqv envj ivl e : Igv b ez gv b Kv bv iji q bb GK kni _ K Ab kn i hviqvi Rb evm mvwf m i q Q gvmk Ui evm ww cv ÒiæBBÓ Z Aew Z, GLvb _ K cöwzw`b mvnvi, wbrqv I mvjvjvn&i Rb evm Q o hvq evm Gqvi KwÛkb Kiv I Avivg`vqK gv U kn i PjvP ji Rb i q Q mv`v-kgjv io Kiv Ò ebrvó wgwbevm Avi GKB i Oi U vw ebrv ev m K i kn ii h Kvb RvqMvq hviqv hvq ev mi fvov wbw` ó bq, `vgv`vwg Ki Z nq bvixiv GKv PjvPj Ki Z cv ib Z e ev m Ab bvixi cv k em Z n e U vw i Kvb wbw` ó fvov bb, `vgv`vwg K i Zvici DV Z nq mvaviyz K qkrb fvmvfvwm K i U vw fvov biqvi wbqg kn i iv Ívi Ae v fv jv Z e MÖv gi iv Ív A Zv fv jv bv iv Z Mvwo Pvjv Z mgm v nq, KviY iv Ívq Zgb Av jv bb wmu eë e a Mvwo Pvjv Z nq Mvox Pvjv bvi mgq gvevbj dvb e envi wbwl hw` G vw W U nq, Z e cywjk bv Avmv ch ší RvqMv _ K bov hv e bv WªvBwfs jvb mý c Z Uó w` Z nq 55

64 11.2 ms wz I mvgvwrk Abykvmb ms wz n Q mvgwókfv e GKwU `k/rvwzi wek vm, g~j eva, cö_v I AvPvi AvPiY, hv GK `k/rvwz K Ab `k/rvwz _ K c _K K i Ab K_vq ms wz n Q GKwU `k/rvwzi wμqvkjvc, Zvi K wó I ms v ii Awfe w³ hv H `k/rvwz aviy K i, m vb K i I g b P j ZvB Awfevmx köwgkmy K MšÍe ` ki ms wzk ˆewPÎ K Rvb Z, m vb Ki Z I g b Pj Z n e Igv bi LyeB DbœZ wkí, vcz I mykxj mgv Ri HwZn i q Q GB `kwu mycövpxb HwZn K a i i L Q cövq me RvqMvq Igv b A bk cövpxb wb`k b Av Q Igv b Aviexq Ges BmjvwgK ixwzbxwz we` gvb i q Q AvaywbKZvi Qvuqv Av Q Ges kni GjvKvq m ú~y AvaywbK Ges cwðgv h Kvb kn ii mv _ GB kni jvi Zzjbv P j GKB mv _ e`ybb mf Zv GLbI Av Q e`ybbiv HwZn MZfv e eybb wk íi Rb wel vz fov, QvMj Ges DU _ K cövß Dj w` q Zviv Kvco ey b cvwk vbx Ges fvizxq fvlv I ms wzi cöfve GLvbKvi eo eo kni jv Z cviqv hvq G Î Awfevmx köwgkmy K wbgœwjwlz welqmy jvi Dci we klfv e hzœkxj niqv evâyxq `viqvz/wbgš Y Igv bi jv Kiv Lye AwZw_civqY AwZw_ K LRyi, GjvP w` q ˆZwi Kwd (KvnIqv) Ges Ab vb dj w` q Zviv Avc vqb K i hw` Kvb Avie cwievi Lvev ii `viqvz K i, Zvn j `viqvz MÖnY Kiv I AskMÖnY mlvbkvi cö_v Kvb Igvbx evmvq `viqvz c j Aek B Lvwj nv Z hviqv DwPZ bq; wkqz Dcnvi wb q hviqv DwPZ, DcnviwU grevb K `yb nv Z a i w` Z nq Avie `i ˆeVKLvbv/gRwj m XvKvi Av M Aek B RyZv Ly j XzK Z nq, hw` mv _ bvix _v K Z e bvixiv Zv `i Rb wba vwiz iæ g hv eb K_v ejv ïiæ Kivi Av M cwi ekb Kiv cvwb ev Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ grev bi mv _ Lvevi fvm K i wb j wzwb Lywk nb Igvbx bvix `i mv _ K_v ejvi mgq Kig` b Kivi Rb nvz evwo q `qv hv ebv, hw` bv m wb R nvz evwo q `q Zv `i Î wb Ri ey Ki Dci nvz i L gv_v SvKv Z n e nvz wgjv bvi mgq Igvbxiv G K Ac ii ^v m ú K Rvb Z Pvq, GUv bv Ki j Zviv Lvivcfv e bq hw` KD we`v qi mgq ewk mgq a i nvz wgjvq Zvi gv b AwZw_ K Zviv fv jvfv e wb q Q bzzb Kv iv mv _ `Lv Ki Z ev cwiwpz n Z ej j bv Kiv DwPZ bq grev bi mv _ K_v ejvi mgq ag I ivrbxwz wb q K_v ejv hv e bv bzzb Kvb e w³, eq m eo ev D Pc` Í Kv iv mv _ `Lv n j Zv K `uvwo q Af _ bv Rvbv Z n e Af _ bv Rvbv bvi mgq Aek B ÔAvmmvjvgy AvjvBKzgÕ ej Z n e Kvb bvix fz i cö ek Ki j cyiælmy K Aek B `uvwo q Af _ bv Rvbv Z n e Lvevi L Z emvi mgq Avmb K i ev nuvuz M o em Z n e KLbB hb cv Lvevi ivlvi Kvc o bv jv M Lvevi LvIqvi ci c U wkqz Lvevi i L w` Z n e, G Z eysv e h grevbiv cöpzi Lvevi cwi ekb K i Qb Lv`, cvbxq I Ab Kvb wrwbm euv nvz Øviv bqv hv e bv Ges KvD K euv nvz Øviv aiv hv e bv hw` Avi Kwd bv L Z B Qv nq Z e Kvc SvKv Z n e, bb j Zviv Kwd Xvj ZB _vk e cvbxq L Z w` j bv Kiv DwPZ bq wkš 3 Kv ci ewk LvIqv DwPZ bq gymwjg AwZw_ K ïk ii gvsm ev g` L Z ejv hv e bv Kvb Avi ei evwo Z hviqvi Av M Zv K Rvwb q h Z n e 56

65 Avi ei evwo Z wm q Zvi Kv bv wrwb mi Lye ewk cöksmv bv KivB fv jv, KviY wbqg n jv mb wrwbmuv w` q `Iqv; bv w` Z cvi j Zv Avi ei j¾vi welq n Z cv i Avevi mb wrwbmuv w` q w` j, g b ivl Z n e f`ªzv ^iƒc Av iv g~j evb Kvb wrwbm ciez x Z Zv K Dcnvi w` Z n e g` cv/ bkv cökv k, Rbm y L A vj Kvnj/g` cvb I a~gcvb wb la Igv b AgymwjgMY nv Uj wksev Zv `i evmvi Af ší i g` cvb Ki Z cv i wkš GRb Zv `i AbygwZ wbwðz Ki Z nq g` cvb K i Mvox Pvjv bv wksev Mvox Pvjv bvi mg q g` cvb Kiv wb la g` cvb K i gvzvj Ae vq Rbm y L Avmv wb la g b ivl Z n e, Igv b AvB bi cö qvm h_vh_fv e wbwðz nq ZvB KD AvBb f½ Ki j fqven kvw Í c Z nq Kvb Avie K g` cv bi Aby iva Kiv DwPZ bq hw` bv wbwðz niqv hvq h Zvi g` cv bi Af vm Av Q Rbm y L wprkvi, ˆn P I g` cvb K i gvzvj niqv hv e bv mgmö ga cöv P me RvqMvq cvb LvIqv wb la wpî 23: Igv b AvB bi AvBb f½ K i AbygwZ bv wb q g` cvb Kivi kvw Íi bgybv cvkvk cwi Q` Awfevmx köwgkmy h ` k hv Q, m ` ki ms wzi Dc hvmx Kvco m ½ wb q h Z n e (nvév A_ev Mig Kvco) Kg Î Kv Ri Dc hvmx iƒwpkxj cvkvk ci Z n e cvkvk memgq cwi vi cwi Qbœ I `ym Ügy³ ivl Z n e `k we k l cö qvr b c` v Ki Z n e M n vjx Kv R M j A bk mgq M nkz v `k _ K bqv cvkv Ki cwie Z H ` ki Dc hvmx cvkvk cwiavb Ki Z ` eb Igv bi Î mvaviyz wbgœwjwlz welq Lqvj ivl Z n e: cyiæliv KzZ v, _v e, Z v I AvMvj bvgk cvkvk c i, g qiv c i kvqvjv I Avevqv wpî 24: Igv b hmkj cvlvk civ hvqbv Zvi bgybv cvkv Ki e vcv i Lqvj ivl eb bvix I cyiæl DfqB Ggb Kvb cvkvk ci Z cvi eb bv hv Lye UvBU, Lye QvU wksev ^ Q, hgb: wgwb vu ev nvzv Qvov cvkvk Awfevmxiv kvjxbzv ervq i L hgb B Qv cvkvk ci Z cv i Z e jyw½ c i evb i/kg Î/ Kv U hviqv DwPZ bq mvaviyz cyiæl köwgk `i c v U/kvU BZ vw` civ DwPZ bvix I cyiæl Kv ivib muvzv ii cvkvk c i mybwgscy ji evb i nuvuvnuvwu Kiv DwPZ bq g qiv GLv b AwaKvsk mgq evikv ev Avevqv cwiavb K i Z e kni GjvKvq cvðvz ixwz ZI bvixiv PjvPj K i 57

66 bvix köwgk `i Rb I Kg Î f ` cvkvk cwi Q` nq Z e M nkgx ev Lv `gv `i g vw Ges G cövb ev gv_vq vd eu a KvR Ki Z nq c` vi gva g Awfevmx `i kvjxbzv ervq ivlv fvj cyiæl `i Mjvq PBb I nv Z AvswU civ cö_v cöpwjz bq ZvB cyiæl Awfevmx köwgkmy Mjvq PBb I nv Z AvswU civ DwPZ bq bvix cyiæl m úk Avie bvix `i m vb I mgxn K i Pj Z n e AvbyôvwbK Î Igvbx `i cy iv bvg a i m ^vab Kiv DwPZ Kvb cökvi Akvjxb Bw½Z ev AvPi Yi Rb kvw Í c Z nq AvaywbK RxebhvÎv _vk ji wek Ljv I A kvfb AvPiY Ges AvBbf ½i Rb wec` n Z cv i wb qvmkvix ` k g q `i mv _ Kvb cökvi nvwm VvÆv ev Akvjxb AvPiY Kiv m ú~y iƒ c wb la A bk wb ` vl I wb f Rvj nvwm VvÆv A bk mgq wec` W K Av b, ZvB Gme wel q mveavb _vk Z n e cyiæl Awfevmx köwgkm Yi Î vbxq bvix `i mv _ Pjv div I DVvemv Kiv DwPZ bq cyiæl Awfevmx köwgkm Yi Î vbxq bvix `i mv _ weev n AvBbx euvav Av Q Kv iv Qwe Zvjv, we kl K i bvix `i Qwe Zvjv Aciva, Qwei wcq b hw` Kv bv Igvbx bvix _v K Zv ZI wec ` n Z cv i, ZvB GB wel q mveavb _vk Z n e N ii evb i Rbmvavi Yi m y L Db y³ v b Kvb eüzi nvz a i _vkv wvk bq m ^vab I m vlb AvbyôvwbK Î Igvbx `i cy iv bvg a i m ^vab Kiv DwPZ cyiæl `i ˆmq` I bvix `i ˆmq`v e j Zvici Zvi bvg e j m ^vab Kiv DwPZ Igv b me P q mvaviy m vly n jv ÒAvmmvjvgyqvjvBKzgÓ Avi ÒIqvjvBKzg AvmvjvgÓ GQvovI, Ab vb cöpwjz m vly jv Ges G jvi DË i wk ej Z nq Zv wb P `qv nj: Avn vb Iqv mnjvb (m vmzg) Avn vb wek mvevn& Avj Lv qi (mycöfvz) mvevn& Avj b~i gvmvn& Avj Lv qi (ïf mü v) gvkvn& Avj b~i wzkevn& Avj Lv qi (ïf ivwî (we`vq) Iqv BbZv wgb Avnjy (DËi) cyiæliv mvaviyz cyiæ li mvjvg w` q G K Ab K m vmz Rvbvq, Gi ci nvz wgjvq Ges gv S gv S `yb Mv j Pzgy Lvq nvz gjv bvi ci ey Ki Dci Wvb nvz ivlv m vb `Lv bvi Dcvq bvixiv G K A b i mv _ GKB wbq g m vly K i Mv j Pzgy LvIqv LyeB mvaviy NUbv g b ivl Z n e, KL bvb bvix `i mv _ cwiwpz n Z ev AvM evwo q K_v ej Z hviqv DwPZ bq, hw` bv cwipq Kwi q `Iqv nq nvz wgjv bvi ci Kzkjvw` wewbgq Kiv nq, Z e bvix `i ^v wb q K_v ejv hv e bv mvgbvmvgwb ev dv b K_v ejvi mgq mivmwi Kv Ri K_v ejv hv e bv, G Z Aviev e w³ K Af`ª g b K i Igvbxiv Lye KvQvKvwQ `uvov Z cq ` K i Z e cyiæl I bvixiv ek `~ i `uvovq Igvbxiv mivmwi K_v ej Z cq ` K i K_v ejvi gv S gv S kix i nvz w` q K_v ej Z cq ` K i Igvbxiv Pv Li w` K ZvwK q K_v ej Z cq ` K i Z e, we `kx cyiæl `i Igvbx bvix `i w` K GKUvbv ZvwK q _vkv DwPZ bq 58

67 ag xq Abykvmb/cÖ_v ag xq welqwu AZ ší ms e`bkxj ZvB Zv iæ Z i mv _ we epbv Ki Z n e Ges h ` k h ag xq Abykxjb, Zvi cöwz kö v cö`k b Ki Z n e hgb gymjgvb wn m e cuvp Iqv³ bvgvr I ivrvq Af Í niqv bvgvr Zv `i Rxe bi GKwU Ask AvRvb niqvi mv _ mv _ mlv b gvbyl me KvR d j gmwr ` wm q bvgvr c o m mgq Kv bv gymjgvb bvgvr Qvov evb i _vk Z cv i bv Gme e vcvi evsjv `kx gymjgvb `i Lqvj ivlv `ikvi Ab ag vej ^x n ji AvRv bi mgq evb i NvivNywi Kiv hv e bv Ges `vkvbcvu eü ivl Z n e cweî igrvb gvm n jv cweî KviAvb bvwhj niqvi gvm GB gv m gymjgvbiv ivrv iv L Agymwjg `i ivrv ivl Z nqbv, Z e Rbm y L Kvb wkqz LvIqv, g` cvb Kiv I wmmv iu LvIqv wb la RvqbvgvR gvov bv hv e bv, KD bvgvr co Z _vk j Zvi w` K ZvwK q _vkv hv e bv Agymwjg n j AbygwZ e wzz gmwr` ev cweî v b cö ek Kiv hv e bv, G Z Rb iv li gy L co Z n Z cv i gymjgvb `i mvg b ag K MvjvMvwj Kiv hv e bv gymwjg ` k bvgv Ri mgq evb i Nviv div Kiv DwPZ bq hw` webv Kvi Y Nviv div Kiv nq Zvn j we kl mv`v cvkvkavix cywj ki nv Z aiv cov I Kviv fv Mi m vebv _v K Rbm y L ivr bwzk I ag xq Av jvpbv Kiv hv e bv hw`i Bmjvg Igv bi ivóªxq ag, Igvb Ab a g i cöwz mnbkxj Igv b wn `y `i Rb gw `i i q Q Ab vb wkqz mvgvwrk Abykvmb/cÖ_v wkï `i Mv j nvz w` q Av`i Kiv hv e bv Kv iv mv _ K_v ej j Zvi w` K Av½yj Zz j K_v ejv hv e bv, mwu Ki j Avieiv g b K i Zv K KzKz ii mv _ Zyjbv Ki Q Kv iv mvg b cv qi Dci cv Zz j emv hv e bv emvi mgq Lqvj ivl Z n e hb cv qi cvzv bv `Lv hvq Rbm y L c K U nvz ivlv hv e bv Igv b gv_vq h Kv bv wkqz enb Kiv wb la Rbm y L Lvivc e envi, Rv i SMov I MvwjMvjvR Kiv wbwl Ki j Rwigvbv _ K ïiæ K i Rj ch ší n Z cv i Kv bv mbv vcbv ev Ab Kv bv Igvbx jv Ki Qwe Zvjv hv e bv, we kl K i Igvbx bvix `i Qwe KL bvb Zvjv hv e bv Lvevi wksev Ab wkqz biqvi mgq memgq Wvb nvz e envi Ki Z n e mvgvwrk we f` Igvbx I Awfevmx `i g a we f` Kiv nq, Awfevmx `i ezb I gh v`v h `k _ K G m Q m Abyhvqx wba vwiz nq Awfevmxiv Igvbx `i gz me myweav Dc fvm Ki Z cv i bv Lv` `k f ` Lv ` i aib, gvq/gvsm/mewr&i ^v` I gmjvi e env ii Î wfbœzv _v K G Î Awfevmx köwgkmy wbr ` k h ai bi Lv` I ^v ` Af Í m Î e vck cwiez b Avm e köwgkmy K ZvB G e vcv i gvbwmk fv e cö Z _vk Z n e 59

68 Igv bi cöavb Lvevi nq `ycyi ejv, mkv j I mü vq nvjkv Lvevi LvIqv nq Avi ei Ab vb ` ki gz GLv bi cöavb Lvevi fvz I iæwu; mÿ ci LvIqv nq Lvev ii g a wewfbœ ai bi LRyi I mvgyw`ªk gvq, gyimx, Miæ I fovi gvsm _v K Zv `i GKwU HwZn evnx Lvev ii bvg ÒgvReyRÓ hv wkbv fv Zi mv _ gvsm ev gvq wgwj q ˆZix Kiv nq Ges eo _vjv Z GKmv _ A b Ki Rb cwi ekb Kiv nq Avie ixwz Abymv i Igv bi eo GKwU _vjvq me Lvevi ewk K i cwi ekb K i GKm ½ K qkrb wg j LvIqvi cöpjb Av Q ÒKvIqv KwdÓ Zv `i cöavb cvbxq Ges GjvwP w` q ˆZix wgwó Kwd gngvb `i cwi ekb Kiv nq Kveve LvIqvi cöpjb Av Q igrvb gv m Mg, LRyi, Myo I `ya wgwj q GK ai bi m yc LvIqv nq GQvov jvevsi cvbxq wn m e RbwcÖq C `i mgq Zviv bvbvik gi nvjyqv ivbœv K i 11. evm vb MšÍe ` ki Avevmb e e v m ú K bv Rvbvi Kvi Y Awfevmx `i gvbwmk cö wz _v Kbv d j A bk mgm v nq Igv bi jv Kiv wewfbœ ai bi evwo Z _v K kn i I MÖv g evwo wfbœ ik gi n q _v K MÖv gi evwo mvaviyz gvwui A_ev cv_ ii ˆZix nq kn ii evwo AvaywbK Z e mervqmvqb GqviKwÛk bi e e v Av Q Awfevmx `i _vkvi e e v wb qvmkz vib Kivi K_v hlv b KvR Ki Z nq mlv b d v bi e e v _v K bvix Awfevmxiv mvaviyz hb evmvq KvR K ib mb evmvqb Zv `i _vk Z nq evmvq _vkvi Rb mvaviyz Avjv`v wpî 25: Awfevmx köwgk `i evm v bi bgybv iæ gi e e v _v K, Z e A bk mgq ivbœvn ii Nygv Z n Z cv i Awfevmx kªwgk `i K ewkifvm mgq GKB iæ g 10/12 Rb _vk Z nq; LvU jv gv S gv S wøzj nq; giæf~wg Z hviv KvR K ib Zv `i K eo eo Mvwo hv gvuvgywu GKwU evwoi gz mlv b _vk Z nq mlv b GqviKwÛkb, ev_iæg, ivbœv Kivi e e v mn mewkqyi my hvm-myweav _v K cvwbi e e vi _v K mvaviyz gvwmk wi q j fvj _vkv hvq wd«wfmvq hviv hvb Zv `i _vkvi e e v Zv `ib Ki Z nq Zviv Lye K ói wfzi _v K hw` Zv `i Kv bv wbku AvZ xq ev cwiwpz KD bv _v K Zvn j GB K ói cwigvy AviI ev o GgbI `Lv M Q wd«wfmv Z hviqv evsjv `kxiv cövq 100 Rb GKwU N i _v Kb Zviv wkd& U KvR K ib Ges wkd& U Nygvb 11.4 AvBb Kvbyb I k Ljv wb qvmkvix ` ki ixwzbxwz, k Ljv I AvBb Kvbyb g b Pj Z n e Kvb cökv ii AvBb weiæ wkqz Kiv hv e bv Kvb cökv ii Lyb Lvivwe, Pzwi, al Y, mš vmx ZrciZv, gv`k I gvbyl cvpv ii mv _ RwoZ _vkv gvivz K Aciva Gai bi Aciv ai Rb g Zz `Û ch ší n Z cv i Igv bi AvB b hšb Qwe, gv`k `ªe, ïk ii gvsm, A vj Kvnj I A mv _ ivlv wbwl AvBb f½ Ki j Rj Rwigvbv n Z cv i Mvwo Pvjv bvi mgq A b i mv _ ev R e envi Kiv ev ivm `Lv bv DwPZ bq G Z Rj/Rwigvbv n Z cv i UªvwdK AvBb bv gvb j kvw Í Lye KwVb, hgb: jvj evwz Z iv Ív cvi n j Rj n Z cv i, GgbwK MvwoI AvU K ivl Z cv i 60

69 we ` k Pjv div, iv Ív cvivcvi I Mvox Pvjvbvq mveavbzv Aej ^b Ki Z n e Ges H ` ki UªvwdK AvBb g b Pj Z n e mwvk WªvBwfs jvb mý Qvov Mvox Pvjv bv DwPZ bq bvix `i cöwz m vb I mgxn cö`k b Ki Z n e Zv `i cöwz Kvb ai bi Akvjxb Bw½Z ev AvPiY Kiv hv e bv Ges Ki j Zv eavbbx Ges AvBb f ½i Rb kvw Í c Z n e Igvbx AvBb Abyhvqx, Awfevmx köwgkmy AweevwnZv Igvbx bvix `i K we q Ki Z cv i bv cöm½z D jøl, Ab ` ki bvix Awfevmx köwgk KI we q Kiv DwPZ bq g b ivl Z n e G ai bi we q mvgvwrk I A_ bwzk wzi KviY n Z cv i G Kvi Y we ` k ` ki fveg~wz bó n Z cv i AwaKš G Kvi Y Awfevmx köwgkm Yi Awfevm bi g~j j e vnz n Z cv i 18 eq ii wb P KD a~gcvb Ki Z cv i bv memgq vbxq AvBb k Ljv i vkvix evwnbxi mv _ hvmv hv Mi Rb Riæix dvb b ^i mv _ ivl Z n e 61

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71 Aa vq: 12 Awfevmx köwg Ki KvR m úwk Z welqvejx Rvbv GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY MšÍe ` k köwgk Kv R hvm`v bi ci Zvi KvR, `vwqz, KZ e, Kv Ri wbqg-kvbyb, cövc AwaKvi I myweav m ú K ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 20 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq Awfevmx köwg Ki KvR m úwk Z welqvejx Rvov`j, cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 20 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` wkkv AskMÖnYKvix `i Rvov ` j fvm Kiæb Ges cöwz `j K wb R `i LvZvq köwg Ki KvR m úwk Z Kx Kx welq Rvbv cö qvrb m wel q 2wU K i c q U wjl Z ejyb jlv kl n j GK`j GK`j K i Zv `i c q U ej Z ejyb mnvqk c q U jv wd cpv U wjlyb Ges mvaviyxkiy Kiæb gvwëwgwwqvi gva g kög KvW Ges iwm WÝ KvW /AvKvgv msmön, Pzw³cÎ, QzwU, Abycw wz I IfviUvBg, PvKwi cwiez bi kz vejx, cvm cvu n ÍvšÍi I åg Yi wbqgvejx cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb GB Awa ek b AskMÖn Yi Rb mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: Awfevmx köwgk Kv R hvm`v bi ci Zvi KvR, `vwqz, KZ e, Kv Ri wbqg-kvbyb I myweav Ges mv _ mv _ Kg ji cvwicvwk K Ae v m ú K fv jvfv e Rvb Z n e GB welq jv h_vh_fv e Rvbvi gva g GKRb Kgx Zvi Dci Awc Z `vwqz m ú~y fv e cvjb Ki Z cvi e Ges Zv `i wbivcëv wbwðz Ki Z cvi e vbxq Kv bv evsjv `kxi KvQ _ K wbz cö qvrbxq QvULv Uv wrwbm Kv_vq cviqv hv e Zv R b wb Z n e mnkg x `i mvnv h Avkcv ki iv ÍvNvU wp b wb Z n e cö Z K kn ii iv ÍvNv Ui Qwemn gvbwpî cviqv hvq G ai bi gvbwpî mv _ ivl Z cv ib köwgk K Zvi KvR m úwk Z h mg Í welqvejxi Dci we kl Lqvj wb Z n e Zv n jv; 12.1 kög KvW Ges iwm WÝ KvW /AvKvgv GKRb Awfevmx köwgk K Igv b cšuqv bvi 14 w` bi g a kög KvW Ges iwm WÝ KvW hvmvo Ki Z nq 2003 mv j cöyxz I 2012 mv j ms kvabk Z Igv bi kög AvB bi 18 Aby Q` Abyhvqx kög KvW (labour card) cövwß e wz i K GKRb we `wk Igv b KvR Ki Z cvi eb bv kög KvW cövwßi Rb GKRb Awfevmx köwgk K ckvmz I KvwiMwi ` Zv wksev cö qvrbxq hvm Zv _vk Z n e Ges köwgk K Aek B ˆeafv e Igv b cö ek Ki Z n e Zv K Wv³vix cix vq mȳ cögvwyz n Z n e, Zv K GKRb Igvbx ev A-Igvbx wb qvmkz vi mv _ Pzw³e n Z n e, h_vh_ wd cö`vb Ki Z n e wb qvmkz vi Aby iv a Awfevmx `i kög KvW `Iqv nq Kv bv wb qvmkz v ev Ab Kv bv e w³ KvR `Iqvi Rb UvKv PvB Z cvi e bv g b ivlv `ikvi h, wegvbe ` i Kv bv kög KvW Ges iwm WÝ KvW `Iqv nq bv Rbkw³ gš Yvjq Awfevmb Kgx `i kög KvW w` q _v K Ges Igvbx cywjk wwcvu g U iwm WÝ KvW w` q _v K 63

72 Awfevmx köwgk K Aek B Zvi IqvK cviwg Ui gqv` DËxY niqvi c~ e B Zv bevqb Ki Z n e g b ivl Z n e, gqv` DËxY IqvK cviwgu bevqb bv Ki Z cvi j köwgk K Aek B ` k diz Avm Z n e gqv` DËxY IqvK cviwgu wb q we ` k Ae vb Ki j Zv eavbbx wnmv e cwimwyz n e I MÖdZvi niqvi m vebv _v K 12.2 Pzw³cÎ PvKwii Pyw³ GKRb Awfevmx köwg Ki Rb LyeB iz c~y KviY G Pzw³ Zvi AwaKvi A zyœ ivl Z mvnvh K i Awfevmx köwg Ki DwPZ we `k hviqvi Av MB wb qvmkz v KZ K ^v wiz wjwlz wb qvm Pzw³ msmön Kiv mvaviyz Pzw³cÎ Aviwe fvlvq n q _v K Z e Igvbx kög AvB bi 22 avivq wb qvmkz v K Aek B Awfevmx köwgk h fvlvq eys e m fvlvq Pzw³cÎ w` Z n e Igv b cušqv bvi ci Awfevmx köwgk mlvbkvi gvwj Ki mv _ Aek B wjwlz Pzw³ ^v i Ki eb Zv bv n j gvwjk Zvi gzvi Ace envi K i grywi Qvov Awfevmx köwgk K w` q Ab KvR ev AwZwi³ KvR Kwi q wb Z cv i hw` gvwjk Kvb Pzw³ bv w` Z Pvq Z e Aek B Ab Kvb cögvy mv _ ivl Z n e G Î Awfevmx köwgk K `Iqv ezb iwk` jv K hzœmnkv i msi Y Kiv DwPZ hv wzwb ciezx Z `Lv Z cv ib Pzw³cÎ ev Contract Form _ K Awfevmx köwg Ki wkqz `ikvwi Z_ Aek B R b wb Z n e G e vcv i Ab Kv iv mvnvh bqv h Z cv i A_ev `~Zvev mi mv _ hvmv hvm K i GB Pzw³cÎ _ K wbgœwjwlz Z_ jv R b wb Z n e- Pzw³cÎ _ K hme Z_ R b wb eb: PvKwii bvg (Job Title); Kv úvbx ev PvKwi`vZvi bvg, wvkvbvmn; Kg Î; PvKwii mgqmxgv; gvwmk ezb; wbqwgz Kg mgq Ges mvßvwnk QywU; Ifvi UvBg; evrmwik QywU; ezbmn QywU bv ezb Qvov QywU; Amȳ Zvi QywU (Sick Leave); gww Kj ev ^v mevi myweav; Kg Î m úwk Z Amȳ Zv ev g Zz i Rb wzc~i Yi AsK; hvzvqvz fvzv; hviqv I Avmvi wegvb fvov; Lvevi fvzv; Ø Ø mgvav bi gva g; g Zz n j jvk ` k cvvv bvi e e v BZ vw` 64

73 12.3 QzwU, Abycw wz I IfviUvBg hw` QzwUi `ikvi nq wksev kixi Amȳ _v K Zvn j köwgk K PvKwii wbqg Abyhvqx h_vh_fv e QzwUi Rb Av e`b Ki Z n e wksev gvwjk K Rvbv Z n e gvwjk QzwU gäyi Ki jb Kg weiwz `qv hv e QzwUi `ikvi n j wksev Amȳ n j wb RB gvwjk K Rvbv bv DwPZ Ab Kv iv gva g c iv fv e Kiv DwPZ bq g b ivl Z n e, h_vh_fv e QzwUi cöwμqv m úv`b bv K i Abycw Z _vk j PvKwi`vZv wbqg Abyhvqx köwg Ki weiæ e e v MÖnY Ki Z cvi e, hgb: ezb K U ivlv PvKwii Pzw³c Î QzwU I IfviUvBg grywii welqwu wbw` ófv e D jøl _v K Z e GUv R b ivlv fv jv h, mvaviy köwg Ki Î ga cövp, gvj qwkqv I wm½vcy i Kv Ri mgq cöwzwu Kg w`e m 8 NÈv gv S 1 NÈv `ycy ii Lvevi weiwz KviLvbvq Kg iz köwg Ki Î Ôwkd&UÕ Abymv i w` bi 24 NÈvi g a 8 NÈv KvR Ki Z nq Igv b C`yj wdzi I C`yj AvR&nv-G `yb C ` QywU _v K GQvovI, we kl w`e m mikvwi QzwU _v K, hgb: gvnv ` (mt) Zuvi Rb w`b, wnrix I Bs iwr beel, RvZxq w`em (18 b f ^i), i bmuv w`em (23 RyjvB) QywU w`b e n úwzevi I kyμevi mikvwi QywUi w`b M nk g Kv bv mvßvwnk QywU _v K bv Z e gvwjk mvaviyz weköv gi mgq w` q _v K Kg mgq e vskt kwbevi _ K eyaevi mkvj 8 Uv _ K `ycyi ch ší Ges e n úwzevi mkvj 8 Uv _ K mkvj 11 Uv ch ší mikvwi `ßimg~nt kwbevi _ K eyaevi mkvj 7:30 Uv _ K `ycyi 2.30 Uv ch ší Z e igrv bi mgq 1.30 Uv ch ší cv Awdmt kwbevi _ K eyaevi mkvj 8 Uv _ K 1.30 Uv ch ší, Ges e n úwzevi mkvj 8 Uv _ K mkvj 11 Uv ch ší ióy i Ut kwbevi _ K eyaevi mkvj Uv _ K `ycyi 2:00 Uv ch ší Ges wekvj 5:00 Uv _ K ga ivz ch ší ïμev i wekvj 5:00 Uv _ K ga ivz ch ší `vkvbt kwbevi _ K eyaevi mkvj 8.00 Uv _ K `ycyi 1:00 Uv ch ší Ges wekvj 4:00 Uv _ K 7:00 Uv ch ší e n úwzev i mkvj 8.00 Uv _ K `ycyi 1:00 Uv ch ší Ab vb K c v iu I QvU QvU e emvwqk cöwzôvb: 8:30 Uv _ K we Kj 5:30Uv ch ší KviLvbv: wkd&u Abymv i w` bi 24 N Uvi g a 8 N Uv M nkg x: M nk g wb qvwrz köwgk `i (Lv `gv) Kv Ri Kv bv mywbw` ó mgq wba vwiz bb; ZvB Kv bv Ifvi UvBg bb Pzw³c Î Kv Ri mgqmxgv wba viy Kiv _ K G KK Kv Ri Rb G KK mgq Igv b Ryb, RyjvB I AvM gv m `ycyi Uv _ K 3.30 Uv ch ší AwZwi³ Mi gi Kvi Y evwn i KvR wbwl ga cöv P mvaviy köwgk IfviUvB gi Rb we ewpz bq KviY w` b Zv `i K wbw` ó KvR kl Kivi Uv M U w` q `Iqv nq KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgk `i KD IfviUvBg cvq Avevi KD cvq bv Ges IfviUvB gi mg qi ZviZg n q _v K IfviUvBg A bk Î Kv Ri iæ Z i Ici wbf i K i 65

74 12.4 PvKwi cwiez b Awfevmx köwg Ki g a m úªwz PvKwi cwiez bi GKwU cöeyzv cwijw Z n Q Kvb Ae vq PvKwi`vZvi AbygwZ bv wb q PvKwi cwiez b Kiv hv ebv hw` Awfevmx köwgk PvKwi cwiez b Ki Z Pvq, Z e c~e Zb PvKwi`vZvi KvQ _ K Ò Kvb evav bbó GB g g mb` wb Z n e Awfevmx köwgk K Aek B g b ivl Z n e PvKwi`vZvi AbygwZ bv wb q PvKwi cwiez b Ki j Awfevmx köwgk AwbqwgZ/A ea Awfevmx n q hv e G Ae vq Awfevmx köwgk K MÖdZvi Kiv n e wzwb H ` k _vkvi hvm Zv nviv eb Ges ` k diz Avm Z n e MšÍe ` k AvMg bi ci Awfevmx köwg Ki hw` PvKwii Pzw³cÎ Abyhvqx h gvwj Ki Aax b/cöwzôv b KvR Kivi K_v mb gvwj Ki Aax b/cöwzôv b KvR bv K i Ab Kvb gvwj Ki Aax b/cöwzôv b KvR Ki Z nq Zvn j welqwu Zvr wykfv e Aek B evsjv `k `~Zvevm K Rvbv Z n e KD hw` ez gv b hlv b Kg iz Av Q mlvkvi Zzjbvq A c vk Z ewk grywi, fvj PvKwi I ewk my hvm-myweavi K_v e j PvKwi cwiez bi Rb cö jvfb `Lvq Zvn j Kvb Ae v ZB cöjyä niqv DwPZ bq G Z cözvwiz nevi h _ó m vebv _v K d j PvKwi nvwi q ` k diz Avm Z n Z cv i Ges Awfevm bi g~j j e _ n q h Z cv i 12.5 cvm cvu n ÍvšÍi I ågy Awfevmx köwgk K Aek B Zvi cvm cvu Zvi wb Ri Kv Q ivl Z n e Kvb Ae vqb wb Ri cvm cvu Ab Kvb AcwiwPZ e w³ wksev Kvb G R U/`vjv ji Kv Q n ÍvšÍi Kiv hv e bv hw` Awfevmx köwgk Ki cvm cvu Zvi PvKwi`vZvi Kv Q n ÍvšÍi Ki Z nq, Zvn j Aek B cvm cv U i GKwU d UvKwc wb Ri mv _ ivl Z n e Awfevmx köwgk hw` iv óªi fz i ågy Ki Z Pvq Zvn j Aek B Zv K PvKwi`vZvi KvQ _ K AbygwZ wb Z n e evsjv `kx cvm cv U i cq bi Kfvi c ôvq 7bs avivq ejv Av Q we ` k emevmkvix evsjv ` ki bvmwik `i K cöwz eqi wbku evsjv `k wgkb Awd m bvg iwrwóª Kiv Z n e AvBbMZ eva evakzv QvovI evrmwik iwrwóªkiy Kv bv wec` ev Riæix Ae vq hvezxq mvnvh ev civgk cviqvi Î mvnvh K i wvkvbv cwiez b A_ev we `k _ K cö vbkv j evsjv `k wgkb K Zv AewnZ Ki Z n e Kv bv ` k Ae vb 3 gv mi ewk bv n j GB iwrwóªi cö qvrb n e bv Ges G Î Zv `i K we ` k emevmkvix e j MY Kiv n e bv evsjv ` ki evb i evsjv `kx bvmwik `i mšív bi Rb n j Zv DwjøwLZ g Z iwrwóª Ki Z n e 12.6 mv`v KvM R m v i Awfevmx köwg Ki Kvb Ae vq Kvb e w³ ev cöwzôvb cö`ë KvD K ( hgb PvKwi`vZv) mv`v KvM R m v i cö`vb Kiv DwPZ bq g b ivl Z n e mv`v KvM R m v i Ki j Awfevmx köwgk K h Kvb fv e cözvwiz Kiv m e wpî 25: mv`v KvM R m v i cö`vb bv Kivi bgybv 66

75 12.7 ` Zvi mv _ `vwqz cvjb K Vvi cwikö gi Rb cö Z _vk Z n e Awfevmx köwg Ki Dci Awc Z `vwqz ` Zvi mv _ mgq g Zv m úv`b Ki Z n e GRb ; cö_ g Zvi Dci Awc Z KvR jv fv jvfv e ey S wb Z n e Awc Z KvR jv ` Zvi mv _ cvjb Kivi Rb KŠkj jv mzk Zvi mv _ iß Ki Z n e KvR m úwk Z SuywK Kx Kx ai bi n Z cv i, Zv m ú K mg K aviyv AR b Ki Z n e mzk Zvi mv _ `vwqz cvjb Ki Z n e Kvb wkqy eys Z mgm v n j Zv bv jywk q eis mgm v jv wb q Av jvpbv K i h_vh_ Dcvq ei Ki Z n e KvR klvi cöwz B Qv I g bv hvm _vk Z n e Kv Ri mg q wb Ri, Kg j I Kg ji Pvicv ki cwi vi cwi QbœZv ervq ivl Z n e Kg Î Kvb wkqy Mvcb Kiv wvk n e bv/ Mvcb K i Kvb wkqy bqv wvk n e bv Kv Ri k l hš cvwz hzœmnkv i cwi vi K i wbw` ó v b ivl Z n e PvKwi`vZvi wek ÍZv AR b Ki Z n e 12.8 AvPiY PvKwi`vZvi mv _ bgª I f`ª e envi Ki Z n e KvR Øviv gvwjk K mš ó Ki Z n e Kg Î iæz c~y e w³ `i mv _ mym úk I cvi úwik hvmv hvm i v Ki Z n e KL bvb gvwjk I mnkg x `i mv _ DËß evk wewbgq Kiv DwPZ bq gvwjk DuPz Mjvq Kg xi mv _ K_v ej j, Kg xi mv _ mv _ cöwzwμqv `Lv bv DwPZ bq GUv g b ivlv evâyxq h, Kg Î KLbB Kv iv mv _ wprkvi K i K_v ejv I Kv iv cöwz A½ywj wb ` k Kiv wvk bq Kvb mgm v wb q Kv iv mv _ Av jvpbv Ki Z M j Zvi mv _ f`ªfv e K_v ej Z n e Kg Î memgq Avb `gq, nvwmlywk Ges webqx _vk Z n e iwmkzv Kiv hv e, wkš Lqvj ivl Z n e G Z hv Z KD g b AvNvZ bv cvq gvwjk/wmwbqi mnkg xi cöwz m vb cö`k b Ki Z n e hlb Zv `i K m ^vab Ki Z n e ZLb Zv `i bv gi ïiæ Z wgt/wg mm&/wgm& e envi Ki Z n e hgb: Rbve/wg vi Ave`yjøvn, wg mm jvqjv BZ vw` Zv `i mv _ Uwj dv b K_v ejvi mgq m vi/g vwvg e j m ^vab Ki Z n e 12.9 A ea Dcv q we ` k Kv Ri SzuwK ^í ez b ewk SzuwKm úbœ KvR Ki Z n Z cv i; `yn Ubvq AvμvšÍ n j wzc~iy `vwe Kiv hv e bv; kvixwik I gvbwmk AkvwšÍ e o h Z cv i; cö qvrbxq wpwkrmv, gww Kj cix v I Ab vb ^v mev bvi _vk Z cv i; kvixwik I gvbwmk wbh vz bi gy LvgywL n Z cv ib; KD wbh vzb I nqivwb Ki ji cöwzev` Kiv hvq bv; Rj I Rwigvbv n Z cv i; mikvi I `~Zvevm PvB ji A bk mgq mn hvwmzv Ki Z cv i bv 67

76 12.10 Ab vb Riæix welqvejx hw` wb qvmkz v K Luy R c Z mgm v nq, Z e wbku evsjv `kx `~Zvev m hvmv hvm Ki Z n e wksev G dvb K i Awf hvm Kiv hv e ev Igvbx kög gš Yvj q hvmv hvm Ki Z n e Igvbx AvB b Av Q h, köwgk K memgq mv _ ÒAvKvgvÓ ivl Z n e Igvbx wb qvmkz v Awfevmx `i Zv `i cvm cvu Rgv w` Z e j, hw`i Ggb Kvb AvBb bb cvm cvu Avi PvKwii Pzw³c Îi mvbb Kiv Kwc ` k i L hviqv hv e bv evsjv `kx `~Zvev mi mv _ hvmv hvm ivl Z n e ezb fvzv c Z ev Ab Kvb mgm v n j `~Zvevm K Rvbv Z n e hw` cvm cvu nvwi q hvq Z e evsjv `wk wgkb Avi Igvbx cywj ki mv _ wb wjwlz Z_ w` q hvmv hvm Ki Z n e hgb: cvm cv U i bv ^vi, Bmÿ Kivi ZvwiL, Awfevmx köwg Ki bvg, Igv b cö ek Kivi ZvwiL GB Z_ wvkg Zv `Iqvi Rb cvm cv U i d UvKwc K i ivl Z n e wfmv ev PvKwii Pzw³cÎ mgqg Zv bevqb Ki Z n e, ` k eov Z Avm j Lqvj ivl Z n e hb we ` k diz hviqvi Av M wfmvi mgq bv kl n q hvq cvm cvu bevqb Kiv n q Q wkbv Lqvj ivl Z n e Ges cvm cv U i gqv` kl niqvi AšÍZ 2 gvm Av MB cvm cvu bevqb Ki Z n e hw` PvKwi ïiæ Kivi 1 gv mi g a jevi KvW ev iwm W U KvW bv `Iqv nq Z e mycvifvbrvi K ej Z n e ev wbku Igvbx kög gš Yvj qi kög Awd m hvmv hvm Ki Z n e iwm W U KvW GKwU AvBbx Riæix `wjj, G K mveav b ivl Z n e jevi wk qv iý, jevi I iwm W U Kv W i Ges wfmvi UvKv AvBbZfv e wb qvmkz v w` Z eva PvKwii Pzw³c Îi Kwc PvIqv hv e hb AwaKvi I KZ e m ú K Rvb Z cviv hvq ezb bv w` j ev w` Z `wi Ki j mycvifvbrvi K ej Z n e m wkqz bv Ki j wbku Igvbx kög gš Yvj qi kög Awd m hvmv hvm Ki Z n e hw` IfviUvBg Ki Z nq Z e Igvbx AvB bi 35/2003 aviv Abyhvqx wb qvmkz v mrb Avjv`v grywi w` Z eva hw` Kg Î Kv bv mgm v nq Z e mycvifvbrvi K Rvbv Z n e hw` mgm vi mgvavb bv nq Z e wbku Igvbx kög gš Yvj qi kög Awd m hvmv hvm Ki Z n e Kvb Ae vq KvR Kiv eü Kiv hv e bv hw` Kvb KviY Qvov PvKwi _ K ei K i `Iqv nq Z e 15 w` bi g a wbku Igvbx kög gš Yvj qi kög Awd m hvmv hvm Ki Z n e R b ivlv fv jv, hw` A ea Dcv q Igv b KvR Kiv nq ev Igv b wm q PvKwi cwiez b Kiv n q, Z e 1 gvm Rj Ges 400 _ K 800 Igvbx wi qj Rwigvbv n Z cv i GQvov Igvb _ K köwgk K ` k diz cvwv q `Iqv n e, Avi KL bv Igvb hviqv hv e bv hw` PvKwi Qvovi 1 eq ii g a e Kqv UvKv bv DVv bv nq Z e UvKv Avi Zzj Z cviv hv ebv köwgk Av `vjb K kög gš Yvjq Øviv wbqš Y Kiv nq mikvwi Kvb cöwzôv b köwgk Av `vjb Kiv hvq bv kög AvBb m ú K Rvb j köwg Ki AwaKvi m ú K Rvbv hv e Av iv Rvb Z PvB j Igvbx kög gš vyvj qi I qemvbu ( _ K kög AvBb m úwk Z we ÍvwiZ Z_ vw` Rvbv hv e 68

77 Aa vq: 13 cyiæl Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY MšÍe ` ki KvR m úwk Z m ve SuzwK I SzuwK e e vcbvi Dcvq ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu Igv b evsjv `kx Awfevmx `i Kv Ri SuzwKmg~n wewfbœ ai bi Kv Ri SuzwK gvkv ejvi Dcvq I `yn Ubv cöwz iva welq c wz DcKiY mgq cö kœvëi, `jxq KvR cö`k b, Av jvpbv cö`k b, Av jvpbv evw, gvk vi gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc, Qwe 15 wgwbu 15 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` kbv AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb Igv b evsjv `kx AwfevmxMY Kx Kx KvR K ib G K G K DËi jv wbb AZtci Igv b evsjv `kx Awfevmx `i KvRmg~n gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i PviwU ` j fvm K i GBme Kv Ri Î Kx Kx m ve SuzwK i q Q Ges SzuwK e e vcbvi Dcvq cvóvi ccv i wjl Z ejyb jlv kl n j `j _ K h Kvb GKRb K Dc vcb Ki Z ejyb gvwëwgwwqvi gva g SzuwK e e vcbvi g Wj cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb gvwëwgwwqvi gva g Kv Ri aib Abymv i SuzwK I SuzwK gvkv ejvi Dcvq cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb Z_ cî Abymv i ÒAm PZbZvq we`ÿ r K o wbj gvngy `i RxebÓ KBm vww cöwk Yv_x `i c o kvbvb Ges Zvrch e vl v Kiæb gvwëwgwwqvi gva g I `yn Ubv cöwz iv a KiYxq I `yn UbvKvjxb mvnvh cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb Z_ cî Abymv i ÒfvM weow ^Z Igv b wbg vy köwgk ZvRyj GLb w`bgryió KBm vwwwu cöwk Yv_x `i c o kvbvb Ges Zvrch e vl v Kiæb Awa ekb k l mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: Igv b evsjv ` ki Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvskB g~jz cöwμqvkiy wk í, Mv g Um Kg x wnmv e, gkvwbk, WªvBfvi, fvwi hš I nvjkv hš Acv iuvi, wbg vy Kg x, M nkg x, cwi QbœZv Kg x, gvwj, K wl köwgk, glcvjk Ges Ab vb KvwqK kö gi Kv R wb qvwrz GB ai bi KvR LyeB SuzwKc~Y mvgvb AwbqgZvwš KZv, AmveavbZv I AmZK Zvi Kvi Y fqven `yn Ubv NU Z cv i hvi d j iæzi AvnZ niqv _ K ïiæ K i A½nvwb GgbwK g Zz ch ší n Z cv i Gmg Í Kv R wbhy³ Kg xmy K wb Ri wbivcëvi Rb mzk Zvi mv _ KvR m úv`b Ki Z n e Zviv hme Kv R wbhy³ mb me Kv R Kx Kx ai bi SuzwK _vk Z cv i Zv Rvb Z n e; SzuwKi gvîv wby q Ki Z n e, SzuwK _ K cwiîvy cvevi Dcvq jv wvk Ki Z n e; Dcvq jv g b Pj Z I cö qvm Ki Z n e; Avi Gfv eb SuywK e e vcbv m e n e G Aa v q KvR m úwk Z m ve SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbvi Dcvq m ú K Av jvpbv Kiv n jv: 69

78 SuzwK wby q SuzwKi gvîv wby q SuzwK _ K cwiîv Yi Dcvq wby q Dcvq jv g b Pjv I cö qvm Kiv wpî 27: SzuwK e e vcbv g Wj 13.1 wbg vy Kgx I KviLvbv Kg iz Kgx evsjv `kx cöpyi Awfevmx Kgx wbg vy KvR K ib wbg vy Kv R Zv `i A bk SuywKi m ylxb n Z nq wbg vy Kgx I KviLvbv Kg iz Kgx `i hmkj mzk Zv Aej ^b Kiv DwPZ, Zvn jv: wbg vy Kv Ri mgq a~jv, evwj, M vm wbtk v mi mv _ ` n cö ek K i ^v mgm v ˆZix Ki Z cv i G Î mveavb _vk Z n e, cö qvrb n j Ògv Ó e envi Ki Z n e wpî 28: Mvgey Ui bgybv wbg vy Kgx `i D P k ã Ges A bk D PZvq KvR Ki Z nq ZvB G Î mveavbzv Aej ^b Ki Z n e Ges cö qvrbxq myi v e e v wb Z n e D P k ã Uvbv KvR Ki j Kv b mgm v n Z cv i, G Î Kv b Zzjvi g Zv wrwbm e envi Kiv hvq h Kvb hš cvwz e env ii mgq mveavb _vk Z n e wbg vykvr Kivi mgq cö qvrbxq mdwu cvkvk, nj gu Ges MvgeyU Aek B ci Z n e Kvb KwgK vj aivi Av M mwvk G v cövb, wbivc` RyZv, Møvfm&, gy Lvk c i wb Z n e hw` Ggb Kvb h š i mv _ KvR K ib huv Nyi Q Z e nv Z mywz Kvc oi ˆZix Møvfm e envi Ki eb bv, G Z mywz Kvc oi Møvfm& cwp q `yn Ubv n Z cv i wpî 29: nj g Ui bgybv 70

79 Kv Ri RvqMvq KL bv Ggb cvkvk civ DwPZ bq hv Z Kvb ai bi Zj ev `vn e c o Q m vb Wj ev w øcvii civ DwPZ bq KvR ïiæ Kivi c~ e hš cvwz cix v K i wb Z n e Igv b A bk mgq gv_vq iw K vwi Kivi mgq e Lqv j iw B jkwuªkvj jvb b Xz K hvq, G Z we`ÿ rc ó jvk gviv hvq wbg vy köwgkiv A bk mgq D`vmxbZvi Kvi Y nj gu e envi K ib bv wksev cö qvrbxq mzk Zv Aej ^b K ib bv G Z K i Qv` ev DuPy RvqMv _ K c o A b K c½y n q hvb, GgbwK gvivi hvb ZvB wbg vy fe bi wfz i I evb i wbg vy Kg xi memgq mdwu nj gu c i _vkv DwPZ, GgbwK K qk wgwb Ui KvR n ji wpî 30: mdwu cvkv Ki bgybv D PZvq KvR Kivi Î h mg Í welq we klfv e Lqvj ivlv DwPZ wbg vy wk í me P q fqven `yn Ubv jv N U D PZvq KvR Ki Z wm q D PZvq KvR Kivi Î mevi Av M Kv Ri Rb cøvudg ˆZix Ki Z n e mdwu nvi bm e env ii Av M Zv wvk RvqMvq emv bv Av Q wkbv, Avjv`v jvbd jvbb Av Q wkbv, wb P Rvj weqv bv Av Q wkbv Zv Lqvj ivl Z n e hw` mdwu nvi bm e envi Ki ZB nq Z e Lqvj ivl Z n e Zv hb greyzfv e G vsk i Ri ev wbivc` jvbdjvb bi mv _ jvmv bv _v K wpî 31: mdwu nvi bm bgybv wpî 32: mdwu nvi bm e venv ii bgybv 71

80 hw` gb e envi Kiv nq Z e Lqvj ivl Z n e h gbwu w i I mgvb Rwg Z Av Q KL bvb `yõwu QvU gb K Rvov w` q eo gb evbv bv hv e bv Lqvj ivl Z n e h, wbg vy köwgk h D PZvq DV Z Pvb, gb qi D PZv hb m D PZvi P q AšÍZ 3 wdu DuPz nq hme Kgx iv Mvb Wvjv Z KvR K i Zv `i Aek B wbivc` jvbdjvb bi mv _ jvmv bv eë civ DwPZ hw` KD Du y RvqMv _ K c o hvq, Zvn j mv _ mv _ cöv_wgk wpwkrmvi Rb wb qvwrz Kgx `i Lei w` Z n e ivmx K wb R wb R miv bv DwPZ bq mdwu nj gu e env ii Î wbgœwjwlz wbqg g b Pj Z n e gv_v I mdwu nj g Ui g a h _ó duvkv RvqMv ivl Z n e nj guwu wvk Av Q wkbv Zv wbqwgzfv e Lqvj ivl Z n e wbqwgz nj guwu cwi vi Ki Z n e wkš Kvb ˆRe Zij e envi Kiv hv ebv nj guwui gqv` Av Q wkbv Zv wbqwgz Lqvj ivl Z n e nj g Ui nvi bm miv bv hv e bv nj g U evqy PjvP ji Rb dz Uv Kiv hv e bv iv `i g a KvR Kivi mgq mdwu nj g Ui wb P Ab eo Uzwc civ hv ebv wbg vy KviLvbvq köwgk `i A bk mgq fvix e μ bi mvnv h Zzj Z nq `yn Ubv cöwz iv a ZvB fvix e D Ëvj bi wbqg Kvbyb Rvb Z n e I mveavb n q KvR Ki Z n e hme Kvi Y D Ëvj bi mgq `yn Ubv N U: ewk fi en bi Kvi Y ( μb D ë h Z cv i ev wre wq o h Z cv i) μb Acv iu ii mwvk Uªwbs bv _vkvi Kvi Y hlv b wjdwus n Q Zvi wvk wb P KvR Kivi Kvi Y D Ëvjb Kivi ms KZ cö`vbkvix I μb Acv iu ii gv S fzj eysveywsi Kvi Y Kv Ri mgq wbivcëv KŠkj bv R b fvix hš e envi Kivi d j A b Ki A½nvwb nq ZvB fvix hš e envi Kivi wbqg fv jvfv e R b wb Z n e Lvwj nv Z KvR Ki Z wm q me P q eo mgm v n jv fvix wrwbm DVv Z wm q nv Z e _v cviqv G _ K gyw³ c Z fvix wrwbm Zvjvi Av M nv Zi nvjkv e vqvg K i wb Z n e G Z nv Zi cwk mn R KvR Ki e Uªwj e nvi Kivi mgq Lqvj ivl Z n e UªwjwU fv jv wkbv, c _ Kvb mgm v Av Q wkbv Ges iv Ív mgzj wkbv fvix wrwbm D Ëvj bi mg q hv hv Kiv DwPZt mwvk wbq g wrwbm D Ëvjb Ki Z n e fvix wrwbm D Ëvj b cv qi Eiæi cwk e envi Ki Z n e Lvwj nv Z KvR Kivi mgq ch vß jvkej mv _ wb Z n e mwvk hš cvwzi ( hgbt Uªwj) mvnvh wb Z n e IRb Kwg q ev i ev i enb wb Z n e fvix wrwbm D Ëvj bi mg q hv hv Kiv DwPZ bqt nvvr cwien bi mg q PjvP ji MwZ evwo q `Iqv SuvKzwb w` q PjvPj Kiv evi evi I KvQvKvwQ mg q GKB ai Yi KvR Kiv ïay kix ii Dc ii Ask Nviv bv wcw Qj g S Z PjvPj Kiv 72

81 köwgk K A bk mg q e RvqMvq KvR Ki Z nq e RvqMv n jv Ggb RvqMv hv Z KvR Kivi mgq SuzwK ewk _v K Gme RvqMvi g a i q Q U vsk, gqjvi cvbc, Kzqv I Ab vb miæ RvqMv Gme cwi e k Av b ai Z cv i ev we ùviy n Z cv i; ` ni ZvcgvÎv e o h Z cv i; k vm wb Z mgm v n Z cv i ev cvwbi gvîv e o wm q köwgk AvUKv co Z cv i e RvqMvq KvR Ki Z hviqvi Î mzk Zv wpî 33: iw ú iui gv i bgybv GKRb köwg Ki Aek B ^wbqwš Z iw ú iui mv _ biqv DwPZ miæ v b KvR Kivi Av M Aek B ch vß Av jv evzv mi e e v Ki Z n e wjd Ui wb P enb hvm Rbv iui e envi Kivi Kvi Y Kve b WvB A vbwrwbz welwμqv n Z cv i köwgk K A bk mgq gvwui wb P KvR Ki Z nq gvwui wb P KvR Kivi mgq me P q eo wec` n jv gvwu Pvcv cov gvwui wb P KvR Kivi mgq mzk Zv Aej ^b I wbivcëvi Rb mg Í e e v wbwðz Ki Z n e gvwui wb P KvR Kivi mg q mzk Zv gvwui wb P cvbc, K vej ev Ab Kv_vI KvR Kivi mgq Aek B wbivc ` ei niqvi iv Ívi w` K bri ivl Z n e K ú bi m wó K i Ggb fvix hš MZ _ K `~ i ivlv DwPZ, hv Z MZ Uv nvvr a m bv c o MZ am iva Ki Z mwvk e e v wb Z n e gvwui wb P MZ Kivi mgq hw` Kv_vI dvuj `Lv `q Z e KvR Kiv eü K i `vwqz iz jvk `i Lei w` Z n e KvR Kivi mgq hw` AÁvZ Ggb cvbc ev Zvi cviqv hvq Z e mv _ mv _ KvR eü K i `vwqz iz jvk `i Lei w` Z n e wbg vy I KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgk `i A bk mg q ˆe`ÿ wzk hš e envi Ki Z nq Kvb ˆe`ÿ wzk hš e env ii Av M Aek B Zv wvk fv e KvR Ki Q wkbv ` L biqv DwPZ h mkj ˆe`ÿ wzk hš vbvšíi Ki Z nq Ggb hš ÒAvw_sÓ K i biqv DwPZ G Z we`ÿ rc ó ZworAvnZ niqvi m vebv Kg _v K ÒÓ wpý _vk j eys Z n e h hš wu `ybevi Bbmy j UW Kiv G ai bi hš cvwz wjk niqvi m vebv Kg ˆe`ÿ wzk hš cvwz e env i h me mzk Zv Aek B Aej ^b Ki Z n e ˆe`ÿ wzk hš cvwz givgz Kivi Av M fv jvfv e ms hvm wewqbœ Ki Z n e fv jv we`ÿ r wgw w` q ˆe`ÿ wzk hš cvwz givgz Ki Z n e givg Zi Av M ÒKvR Kivi AbygwZÓ wb q wb Z n e mwvk cøvm e envi Ki Z n e A e`ÿ wzk g vu e envi Ki Z n e evb ii Kv Ri mgq I mü vzmü v Z cwi e k cvwb cöwz ivak Zvi e envi Ki Z n e 73

82 wbg vy I KviLvbvq Kg iz köwgkiv h nzz Zviv A bk ai Yi ˆe`ÿ wzk hš cvwz, KwgK vj I wewfbœ ai bi `vn e wb q KvR K ib, ZvB köwgk `i Kg ji AwMœKvÛ m úwk Z wbivcëv wbwðz Ki Z nq AwMœKvÛ _ K i vi Rb h me mzk Zv Aek B Aej ^b Ki Z n e wbqwgz AwMœ wbe vck hš cvwz cix v Ki Z n e Riæwi wbm g bi iv Ívmg~n cwi vi I evavgy³ ivl Z n e Kv Ri RvqMv cwi vi cwiqbœ ivl Z n e auvqvi iv Ív eü ivl Z n e hme hš cvwz _ K Av bi dywé ev Zvc ˆZix nq Zv mveav b e envi Ki Z n e `vn c`v_ avzzi ˆZix Kwe b U ivl Z n e Kv Ri RvqMvq GK mv _ A bk cwigvy `vn c`v_ ivlv hv e bv AwMœ wbe vck hš cvwzi mvg b Ab wkqz ivlv hv e bv Kv Ri v b fz ji a~gcvb Kiv hv e bv Av b bfv bvi Rb Kve b WvB A vbw RvZxq AwMœ wbe vck hš Kg j ivl Z n e Igv b cöwz eqi D jøl hvm nv i wbg vy köwgk gviv hvq ZvB Igv b Mg b Qz Awfevmx köwgkmy K wewfbœ UKwbK vj Uªwbs K `ª _ K cö qvrbxq cöwk Y wb Z n e 13.2 I qjwvi/svjvb köwgk Awfevmx köwgkiv A bk mgq I qjwws Gi KvR K ib I qjwws Kgx iv DuPz RvqMvq KvR Ki Z wm q c o h Z cv ib; nvz cywo q dj Z cv ib; wksev Zv `i Pv L, nv Z QvU QvU jvnvi Ask Xy K h Z cv i GB Î D PZvq KvR Kivi mgq Ò mdwu nvi bmó c i wb Z n e Pv L memgq I qjwws Møvm&/Pkgv Ges nv Z Møvfm& ci Z n e memgq mveavbzv Aej ^b Ki Z n e wpî 34: I qjwws Møv mi bgybv 13.3 A Uv gvevbj gkvwbk A Uv gvevbj gkvwbkiv wwªwjs I evwis Ki Z wm q AvNvZ c q _v Kb GQvovI cö qvrbxq mveavbzv Aej ^b bv Ki j Mvwo Pvcv c o Ges nvz _ K fvix hš cvwz c o `yn Ubv KewjZ n Z cv ib Pv L w ú Uvi Xy K Pv L wz n Z cv i Mvwoi wb P KvR Kivi mgq R vk Œz wvk Av Q wkbv fv jv g Zv Lqvj ivl Z n e GRb Pv L mdwu Møvm&/Pkgv, mdwu cvkvk, gv, nj gu Ges MvgeyU Aek B ci Z n e wpî 35: Møvf& mi bgybv 74

83 I qjwws Gi wbivcëv wb ` kbv M vm wmwjûvi mvrv ivl Z n e cy iv bv cvbc KvUvi Av M cvb ci wfziwu cwi vi K i wb Z n e mvaviyz I qjwws Kivi mgq ˆe`ÿ wzk kk, iwk I M vm wbtk v mi mv _ Xz K mgm vi m wó K i avzzi UzKiv bv K Xz K mgm vi m wó Ki Z cv i iwk _ K Pv L mgm v nq Pv L mdwu Møvm&/Pkgv, mdwu cvkvk, gv, nj gu Ges MvgeyU Aek B ci Z n e wpî 36: mdwu Møvm&/Pkgv bgybv 13.4 wk bvi/cwi QbœZv Kg x cwi QbœZv Kg x `i wewfbœ ai bi mvevb, wwuvi R U, Iqv wigyfvi BZ vw` w` q KvR Ki Z nq Gme wrwbm wewfbœ KwgK vj w` q ˆZix hw` Gme e envi Kivi mgq mveavbzv Aej ^b bv Kiv nq Z e PvL, bvk, dzmdzm I Z Ki wz n Z cv i A bk mgq cwi QbœZv Kg xiv bv ey S AwZwi³ gvîvq KwgK vj e envi K ib ZvovZvwo cwi v ii Avkvq GUv Kiv DwPZ bv hme RvqMvq Av jv evzvm PjvPj Ki Z cv i bv, mme RvqMvq fvix KwgK vj e envi Kiv DwPZ bv G Z `yn Ubvi m vebv _v K KL bvb `ybwu KwgK vj GK mv _ gkv bv DwPZ bv Kvb KwgK vj aivi Av M I cwi vi Kivi Av M nv Z Møvfm c i wb Z n e KwgK vj e env ii mgq Lqvj ivlv DwPZ hb nv Z ev Pv L bv hvq KviY, G Z ^v mgm v n Z cv i 13.5 evmvbkgx evmvbkgx `i A bk mgq wewfbœ gvuipvwjz hš cvwz w` q KvR Ki Z nq mlv b Pzj, `uvwo A_ev Rvgv Kvco h š AvU K h Z cv i ˆe`ÿ wzk Nvm KvUvi hš /ÒB jkuªwbk gvqvió w` q KvR Kivi mgq a~jv, Kv Vi UzK iv ev cv_i Qzu U Avm Z cv i ZvB gvuipvwjz hš cvwz Pvjv bvi mgq mveavb _vk Z n e A bk mgq wewfbœ cvkvgvko/mvc Kvgo w` Z cv i Giv A bk mgq welv³ nq ZvB cvkvgvko Kvgo w` j Ae njv bv K i Riæwi ^v mev wb Z n e ewk mgq iv ` KvR Kivi d j ` n cvwbk~y Zv `Lv w` Z cv i ZvB cöpzi cvwb L Z n e Ges cö qvrb n j K vc e envi Ki Z n e wewfbœ KxUbvkK e env i mveavb _vk Z n e hv Z Zv Kvbfv e ` ni wz bv K i cö qvr b Møvfm& e envi Ki Z n e ga cöv P i giæf wg Z gl Piv bvi mgq Kvco bv _vkvq kix ii cvwb ei n q A bk jvk gviv hvq giæf~wg Z KvR Kivi mgq cvwb cvb Ki Z n e Ges gyl XvKv j ^v cvkvk ci Z n e evmvbkg x `i h mkj wel q we kl mzk niqv cö qvrb ˆe`ÿ wzk Nvm KvUvi hš /ÒB jkuªwbk gvqvió Pvjv bvi mg q mzk _vk Z n e cvkvgvko Kvgov j Ae njv bv K i Riæwi ^v mev wb Z n e Mv q nvjkv cvkvk I gv_vq K vc e envi Ki Z n e cöpzi cvwb I cvwb RvZxq Lvevi L Z n e 75

84 13.6 iv Ív iv ÍvNv U PjvP ji mgq Awfevmx köwg Ki H ` ki iv ÍvNv U PjvP ji wbqg, Mvwo PjvP ji wbqg Ges UªvwdK e e v I AvBb BZ vw` g b Pjv A bk ` k iv Ív cvi nevi Rb wba vwiz v b cöm evu bi e e v Av Q, hv Aek B e envi Ki Z n e 13.7 Mig wpî 36: cöm evu bi bgybv hme ` k AvenvIqv Mig, mlv b köwgkm Yi wbgœwjwlz mzk Zv Aej ^b Kiv DwPZ: vbxq AvenvIqv Ges kvixwik m gzv ey S KvR Ki Z n e; memgq gv_vq Zvc cöwz ivak Uzwc/n vu, Pv L mvbmøvm Ges kix i mvb&mwμg e envi Ki Z n e; cöpzi cwigv Y cvwb RvZxq dj L Z I cvwb cvb Ki Z n e 13.8 wnu ªvK AwZ Mi g A bk mgq gvbyl Ávb nvwi q d j hv Avm j eªbb ªvK, G K e j wnu ªvK we klz hviv Lvjv AvKv ki wb P iv `i g a A bk mgq a i KvR K i, Zv `i GB mgm vq AvμvšÍ nevi m vebv _v K G Kvi Y Mi g KvR Kivi mgq kixi I gv_v G Kev i Lvjv bv i L nvjkv K i X K wb j Ges cöpzi cvwb cvb Ki j GB mgm v _ K i v cviqv hvq wnu ªv K AvμvšÍ n j `ªæZ gv_vq cöpzi cvwb Xvj Z nq AwfÁ Kg x `i KvQ _ K G ai bi cwiw wz _ K cöwz iv ai e e v R b wb Z n e Ges Aek B Wv³v ii kiyvcbœ n Z n e wnu ªv Ki cöv_wgk j Y wnu ªv Ki cöv_wgk wpwkrmv gv_v Nviv gv_v wsg wsg Kiv ev e _v Kiv A bk Mig _vkv m Ë I Nvg bv niqv Pvgov ï, jvj P I ZvcgvÎv e o hviqv ckx `ye j n q hviqv ewg niqv k vm-cök vm A ^vfvwek niqv ü`k úb `ªæZ ev ax i niqv A ^vfvwek AvPiY Kiv AÁvb niqv wnu ªv K AvμvšÍ n j `ªæZ gv_vq cöpzi cvwb Xvj Z n e ivmxi gv_vi Dc i Rv i d vb Pvwj q w` Z n e Gwm _vk j Zv Q o w` Z n e ivmxi gv_v, Nvo frv Kvco w` q gy Q w` Z n e m e n j cvwbi Kj, cvbc w` q ivmxi kixi frv Z n e A_ev ev_uv e cvwb w` q ïb q w` Z n e 76

85 KBm vww ÒAm PZbZvq we`ÿ r K o wbj gvngy `i RxebÓ gvngỳ bv gi 26 eqi eq GKRb Awfevmx köwgk Zvi Kg Î we`ÿ r ms hvm wew Qbœ n q hvq ZLb wzwb wvkg Zv mdwu wmqvi bv c i GKwU ˆe`ÿ wzk Lv ^vq D VwQ jb Zvi bvov w` Z, hv Z H GjvKvq we`ÿ r wd i Av m GBKvR Ki Z hviqvi Kvi Y mlv b wzwb ZwoZvnZ nb ZLb Zv K mv _ mv _ nvmcvzv j biqv nq, hlv b KZ e iz Wv³vi Zv K g Z NvlYv K ib Kg Î cö qvrbxq myi v I mveavbzv Aej ^b bv Ki j QvU fz ji köwgkiv gvngy `i gz gvivz K `yn Ubvi wkkvi n Z cv i 13.9 Av b jvm j KiYxq Av b `L j wepwjz ev AvZ¼MÖ niqv DwPZ bq axi w i _vk Z n e cö_ g Av bi DrcwË Kv_vq, mwz B Av b j M Q wkbv Rvbvi Póv Ki Z n e Ah_v wprkvi Pü vpv gwp bv K i cöv_wgk Ae vqb Av b bfv bvi Póv Ki Z n e cöv_wgk Ae v ZB wbivcëv Kg x I dvqvi mvwf m K Lei w` Z n e Ges GKB m ½ Av bi m~pbv ZB Av bi Dci ( Zj, imvqb I guvj RvZxq c`v_ Qvov) cvwb wb c Ki Z n e ˆe`ÿ wzk Av b `ªæZ cöavb mybp eü Ki Z n e ci bi Kvc o Av b jvm j gvwu Z MovMwo w` Z n e, fz ji `Šov bv hv e bv Zv Z Av b e o hv e Av b jvmv wbwðz n j ch vqμ g ax i my b g Avm Z n e û ovûwo K i bvgv hv e bv AvMyb EaŸ gylx, ZvB h Zjvq Av b jvm e m Zjvi jvkrb K ewi q Avmvi my hvm w` Z n e Dc ii Zjvi ci wb Pi w` Ki Zjvi jvkrb K ewi q Avmvi my hvm w` Z n e Av bi we Ívi iva Ki Z Av kcv ki `vn e mwi q wb Z n e f~wgk ú KiYxq f~wgk úi mgq N ii fz i _vk j KiYxq f~wgk ú ïiæ niqvi mv _ mv _ gvwu Z nvgv wo w` q e m co Z n e k³ greyz Kvb Avmev ei wb P Xz K h Z n e Ges mwu K nvz w` q k³ K i Rwo q ai Z n e hv Z m i bv hvq g b ivl Z n e, Avgv `i ` ni g a gv_v nj me P q bgbxq A½ Avmev ei AvkÖq bv c j nvz w` q i v Ki Z n e wpî 38: f~wgk úi mg q Kx KiYxq Zvi bgybv AvmevecÎ bv c j N ii fz ii w` Ki `qv ji bx P e m AvkÖq bqv h Z cv i evb ii w` Ki `qvj wec`rbk Rvbvjvi KuvP, Avqbv, Avjgvwi, `qv j Szjv bv e _ K `~ i _vk Z n e eûzj fe bi Dc ii w` K Ae vb Ki j N ii fz i _vkvb fv jv KviY, wbivc` v b cšuqv bvi c~ e B f~wgk úi gvîv e o h Z cv i f~k úb _ g M j ewi q Avm Z n e 77

86 Igv b Mg b Qz köwgkm Yi Rb cövk Awfevmb cöwk K cöwk Y g vbyqvj wb P bvg Z PvB j Kvbfv eb wjd&u e envi Kiv hv ebv wmuwo w` q nu U bvg Z n e weqvbvq kviqv Ae vq _vk j ewk `~ i bv wm q weqvbvi wb PB AvkÖq wb Z n e N ii evb i _vk j KiYxq Lvjv RvqMv Luy R AvkÖq wb Z n e jvbu cv, wewìs/`vjvb, MvQ A_ev ˆe`ÿ wzk LyuwUi wb P `uvov bv hv e bv iv Ívq QvUvQzwU Kiv hv e bv KviY, gv_vi Dci Kuv Pi UzKiv, ˆe`ÿ wzk LyuwU A_ev ˆe`ÿ wzk Zvi wqu o c o `yn Ubv NU Z cv i Pjgvb Mvwo Z _vk j KiYxq Lvjv RvqMvq Mvwo _vwg q Mvwoi fz ib AvkÖq wb Z n e KL bvb weªr wksev d vbifv i _vgv hv e bv f~wgk ú bv _vgv ch ší Mvwoi fz ib A c v Ki Z n e f~wgk úi c i KiYxq f~wgk ú kl n ji AviI GKwU/`ywU g `y K ú bi Rb cö Z _vk Z n e h_vm e kvší _vk Z n e K úb _ g M ji wrwbmcî c o hviqv ch ší A c v Ki Z n e, Zvici ei n Z n e wb R AvnZ wkbv cix v Ki Z n e Ges Aci K mvnvh Ki Z n e M v mi mvgvb Zg MÜ c j Rvbvjv Ly j ei n q h Z n e Ges `ªæZ givg Zi e e v Ki Z n e Kv_vI ˆe`ÿ wzk ùzwj½ Pv L co j gbb mybr eü K i w` Z n e wzmö wewìs/`vjvb _ K `~ i _vk Z n e aÿsm c AvU K co j KiYxq Av b R vjv bv hv e bv M v mi ms hv M wq`ª _vk j `yn Ubv N U h Z cv i nvz A_ev iægvj w` q bvk gyl X K wb Z n e ax i bovpov Ki Z n e Ges D v ii A c vq _vk Z n e D vi Kv Ri mgq wb Ri Aw ÍZ Rvbvb w` Z cvbc A_ev `qv j Av Í Av Í UvKv w` q kã h Z cv i wprkvi bv KivB köq, KviY G Z cöpzi cwigv Y a~jv wbtk v mi mv _ Xz K h Z cv i `yn UbvKvjxb mvnvh h Kvb `yn UbvKvjxb Riæix mvnv h i Rb 999-b ^ i Kj Ki j ^í mg qi g a cywjk, G v ^y jý A_ev Av b wbqš Yi mvnvh P j Avm e GQvovI, Riæix `yn Ubv mnvqzvi Rb I Ab vb Riæix ^v mnvqzvi Rb b ^ i Kj Ki Z n e köwg Ki DwPZ Igv b Awfevmb Kivi c~ e Zvi PvKwi`vZvi gva g PvKwii Pzw³c Îi cövb fu nj&_ BÝÿ iý w gi e e v wbwðz Kiv Ab _vq nj_& KvW (Health Card) K i mikvwi nvmcvzvj ev mev K `ª jv Z hviqv hvq 78

87 KBm vww ÒfvM weow ^Z Igv b wbg vy köwgk ZvRyj GLb w`bgryió wczvgvzv, x, `yb mšívb Ges AweevwnZ fvb Avjg (25) K evwo Z i L gbcyi MÖv gi ZvRyj (34) 1998 mv j Igv b hvq 2000 mv j Avjg K we ` k biqvi Rb ZvRyj GKwU wfmv cvvvq cwiev ii `ybrb Kg g cyiæ li we `k hviqvi ga w` q cwieviwu Avw_ Kfv e m Qj nq, wkš m ú~y fv e we `k _ K cvvv bv UvKvi Dci wbf ikxj n q c o `ybfvb Igv b wbg vy köwgk wn m e KvR Ki Zv 2001 mvj cwieviwui Rb wech qi eqi Igv b GK `yn Ubv ZvRy ji Rxeb cwiez b K i `q GKwU wkï eo nvm& cvb ci mvg b Lj Z wm q wec ` c o ZvRyj Zv K wec` _ K D vi K i wkqz RwUjZvi Kvi Y D vikvix wn m e cöksmv cvevi cwie Z Zv K AcniYKvix Ges e wfpvix wn m e Awfhy³ Kiv nq Ges Igv bi AvBbvbyhvqx Zvi 3 eq ii Rj nq G NUbvi wkqzw`b ci QvU fvb Avjg KvR Ki Z wm q gvivz K `yn Ubvq g Zÿ eiy K i Kg Î AmveavbZvq GKwU jvnvi iw Zvi gv_vi cqb w` q Xz K c o cöpzi i³ iy nq, hvi d j Zv K evupv bv m e nqbv Avj gi ` k wd i Avmvi K qkgvm Av M G `yn Ubv N U cwiev ii mv _ wbqwgz AvjvcKv j m ej Zv evwo Z wb q Avmevi Rb Uwjwfkb Ges Ab vb Dcnvi Kbv n q Q wkš Avj gi g Zÿ i ci evsjv `k mikv ii `Iqv wzc~iy eve` 20,000 UvKv e wzz cwieviwu Ab wkqz&b cvqwb eo fvb ZvRyj R j _vkvi Kvi Y Avj gi wrwbmcî Ges Kv úvwb _ K BÝÿ i Ýi UvKv D v ii DcvqI wqj bv Awf hvm Kiv nq Avj gi mnkg xiv mewkqz Ab vqfv e AvZ mvr K i Q Avj gi g Zz Z Zvi wczvgvzv AwZwi³gvÎvq wech Í n q c o GB kvk mn Ki Z bv c i K qkgv mi g a Zvi wczv gviv hvq cwieviwu Z Avw_ K msku `Lv `q ZvRyj Rj _ K gyw³ c q ` k wd i Avmevi AvM ch ší Avj gi g Zÿ i ci cövß wzc~i Yi UvKv Avi cöwz ekx `i KvQ _ K FY K i ZvRy ji x cwiev ii fib cvl Yi e e v Ki Zb wkïmšívb `i G mgq cvwv q `Iqv nq Zv `i bvbvi evwo Z ZvRyj 2004 mv j ` k wd i Av m GLb m GKRb em vpvlx Ges w`bgryi 79

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89 welq c wz DcKiY mgq Igv b Awfevmx köwgkm Yi mvaviy ckv Abymv i Kv Ri SuzwK I SuzwK gvkv ejvi Dcvq `jxq KvR, cö`k b Av jvpbv cvóvi ccvi gvk vi, Qwe 20 wgwbu bvixi wbivcëv i vq I wewfbœ `yn Ubvq KiYxq SuzwK wby q Aa vq: 14 bvix Kg x `i Kg Î KvR m úwk Z SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbv GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY cwi QbœZv Kg x, ˆZwi cvkvk wk í I M nkgx bvix `i KvRm úwk Z m ve SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbvi Dcvq ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; bvix Kgx MY wb R `i wbivcëv i vq I wewfbœ `yn Ubvi mgq KiYxq m ú K ej Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu SuzwKi gvîv wby q cö kœvëi, cö`k b Av jvpbv wpî 39: SzuwK e e vcbv g Wj SuzwK _ K cwiîv Yi Dcvq wby q gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc Dcvq jv g b Pjv I cö qvm Kiv 10 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` kbv AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb evsjv ` ki bvixmy mvaviyz Kx Kx Kv Ri Rb we ` k hvq G K G K DËi jv wbb Ges ev W wjlyb AZtci bvixmy mvaviyz hme Kv Ri Rb we ` k hvq m Kv Ri bvg jv ejyb AskMÖnYKvix `i PviwU ` j fvm K i GBme Kv Ri Î Kx m ve SuzwK i q Q Ges SzuwK e e vcbvi Dcvq cvóvi ccv i wjl Z ejyb jlv k l `j _ K h Kvb GKRb K Dc vcb Ki Z ejyb bvix AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb Awfevmx bvix `i wb R `i wbivcëv i vq Kx Kx Kiv cö qvrb G K G K DËi jv wbb AZtci gvwëwgwwqvi gva g bvixi wbivcëv i vq KiYxq Ges wewfbœ `yn Ubvi mgq KiYxqmg~n cö`k b I e vlv Kiæb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: evsjv ` ki bvix Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvskB Igv b g~jz ^í` K vuvmix Z M nkg x, cwi QbœZv Kg x I ˆZwi cvkvk wk í wb qvwrz GB ai bi KvR LyeB SuzwKc~Y mvgvb AwbqgZvwš KZv, AmveavbZv I AmZK Zvi Kvi Y fqven `yn Ubv NU Z cv i hvi d j iæzi AvnZ niqv _ K ïiæ K i A½nvwb GgbwK g Zz ch ší n Z cv i Gmg Í Kv R wbhy³ Kg xmy K wb Ri wbivcëvi Rb mzk Zvi mv _ KvR m úv`b Ki Z n e Zviv hme Kv R wbhy³ mb me Kv R Kx Kx ai bi SuzwK _vk Z cv i Zv Rvb Z n e; SzuwKi gvîv wby q Ki Z n e, SzuwK _ K cwiîvy cvevi Dcvq jv wvk Ki Z n e; Dcvq jv g b Pj Z I cö qvm Ki Z n e; Avi Gfv eb SuywK e e vcbv m e n e G Aa v q M nkg x, cwi QbœZv Kg x I ˆZwi cvkvk wk íi KvRm úwk Z m ve SuzwK I SuzwK e e vcbvi Dcvq m ú K Av jvpbv Kiv n jv 81

90 14.1 M nkgx M nkgx `i K mvaviyz `x N Y KvR Ki Z nq ZvB Zviv A bk ikg e _v, KvUv Quov, ckx I nvu oi mgm vq fv Mb GB me SuzwK Gov bv m e wb P M nk g i mv _ m úwk Z wkqz mvaviy SzuwK Ges SuywK gvkv ejvi Dcvq Av jvpbv Kiv n jvt f vwkdg Kivt mwvk c wz Rvbv bv _vk j f vwkdg Kivi mgq M nkgx iv wc V, Kvg i, Kuv a I nv Zi Kwâ Z e _v c Z cv ib ZvB Kvgi by q f vwkdg Kiv DwPZ bq memgq nv Z h _ó mgq wb q KvR Ki Z n e GKB ai bi KvR hgb: f wkdg I Ni gvqv Uvbv 30 wgwb Ui ewk Kiv hv e bv gv S Ab ai bi KvR hgb: AvmevecÎ gvqvi KvR Ki Z n e wmuwo Z f wkdg bv KivB fvj, Z e Ki Z n j nvjkv f vwkdg e envi Ki Z n e wewfbœ ikg g S wkfv e f vwkdg Ki Z nq Zvi cöwk Y Av M _ KB wb Z n e h me v b fvix wrwbmcî ev Avmeve miv bv `ikvi mlv b f vwkdg bv KivB fvj eo Kv c U n j Zv cü vwp q ivl Z n e, Zv Zvjvi Póv Kiv DwPZ bq eo Avmeve Ggb fv e ivl Z n e hv Z mn R Gi wzb cvk f vwkdg Kiv hvq GQvovI f vwkd gi hš vsk wvk Av Q wkbv Zv wbqwgz cix v Ki Z n e KvR k l f vwkdg Ggb RvqMvq ivl Z n e hlvb _ K Zv mn R bvgv bv ev DVv bv hvq wpî 40: f vwkdg wk bv ii nvzj QvU niqvi Kvi Y euvkv n q `uvov Z n Q GwU wvk bq wpî 41: hw` nvz ji ˆ`N wvk K i bqv nq Z e wvk fv e `uvwo q f vwkdg wk bvi e envi Kiv hv e wpî 42: f vwkdg wk bv ii mvg b Ab vb wrwbmcî ZvB wk bviwu K Zzj Z n e GwU wvk bq wpî 43: f vwkdg wk bviwu gvwui KvQKvwQ ivl Z n e Ges Gi mvg b Kv bv wkqz ivlv hv e bv h nzz mvg b Avi wkqz bb ZvB mn RB wk bviwu ei Kiv hv e 82

91 Ni gvqvt mwvk c wz Rvbv bv _vk j, Ni gvqvi Î M nkgx iv me P q ewk h mgm vi m ylxb nq Zv nj cwk I nv oi e v_v mrb wpkb nvzjiqvjv fv jv g S gvqvi Svo (gc) e envi Kiv DwPZ g ci nvzjwu j ^v n j Kv R myweav nq Kvgi by q gc e envi Kiv DwPZ bq GQvovI j ivl Z n e h, evjwzi gyl Avi g ci AvK wz hv Z mvgä c~y nq g ci gv_v mwvk mvb Ri n j gvqvi mgq fvix n e bv cvwb fwz fvix evjwz Zvjv hv e bv evjwz nvjkv niqv evâyxq Z e evjwzi cwie Z cwi vi Kivi wwm cv Rej (e env ii ci d j w` Z nq) c vw e envi Kiv h Z cv i gcwu K nvz w` q wbsov bv hv e bv Ni gvqvi mgq ek mzk _vk Z n e hv Z cv bv wcq j hvq memgq nv Z h _ó mgq wb q KvR Ki Z n e Ni gvqvi mgq fvix AvmevecÎ, Kv c U I Ab vb wrwbm miv bv DwPZ bq eo Kv c U n j Zv cü vwp q ivl Z n e, Zv Zvjvi Póv Kiv DwPZ bq GKB ai bi KvR hgb f vwkdg I Ni gvqv Uvbv 30 wgwb Ui ewk Kiv hv e bv gv S Ab ai bi KvR hgb AvmevecÎ gvqvi KvR Ki Z n e KvR k l gc Ggb RvqMvq ivl Z n e hlvb _ K Zv mn R bvgv bv hvq wpî 44: QvU nvz ji Svo i Rb KvR Ki Z mgm v n Q wpî 45: eo nvz ji Svo n j Kvgi evukv Ki Z nq bv wpî 46: ewk fiv evjwz n j cvwb c o cv wcq j covi m vebv _v K wpî 47: PvKvIqvjv evjwz e envi Ki j euvkv n Z nq bv ev DVv Z nq bv 83

92 wpî 48: frv ev_iæg mevi Rb SzuwK wpî 49: Lqvj ivl Z n e hb ev_iæg cwi vi I ïk bv _v K e `i Mvmj Kiv bvt M nkgx `i K A bk mgq evwoi e `i Mvmj Kiv Z nq mwvk c wz Rvbv bv _vk j G Î M nkgx iv wc V, Kvg i, Kuv a I nv Zi Ke&wR Z e _v c Z cv ib j ivl Z n e hb mkj hš cvwz ivmxi Rb wbivc` nq hgb: Mvmj Kiv bvi Pqvi, j ^v nvzjiqvjv Iqvmvi Ges emvi RvqMv AviI j ivl Z n e hb Mvmj Kiv bvi Rb h _ó RvqMv _v K hw` ewk RvqMv bv _v K Z e nvz w` q Mvmj Kiv Z n e MvmjLvbv cwi vi I ïk bv ivlvi Rb cvwb ivak g vu Ges wcqjvq bv Ggb RyZv e envi Ki Z n e `k Qvovi Av M Aek B Gme wel q cöwk Y wb q h Z n e MvmjLvbv cwi vi Kivt mwvk c wz Rvbv bv _vk j, MvmjLvbv cwi vi Kivi mgq M nkgx iv me P q ewk h mgm vi m ylxb nq Zv nj ckx I nuv oi e _v wbpz MvmjLvbv, K gvw cwi vi Ki Z wksev Kuv ai P q DuPz Avqbv, UvBjm& ev Møvm cwi vi Ki Z wm q M nkgx iv Gme mgm vq c ob ZvB MvmjLvbv cwi vi Kivi mgq j ^v nvzjiqvjv gc e envi Kiv DwPZ hw` bvqv bvi cö qvrb c o Z e nuvuz M o e m KvR Ki Z n e Ges nuvuzi wb P Kvco w` q wb Z n e hb Kvb e _v bv jv M cö qvr b KwgK vj e envi Kiv h Z cv i Ges Kv Ri Dc hvmx RyZv I Møvfm& ci Z n e wpî 50: MvmjLvbv euvkv n q cwi vi Kiv wvk bv wpî 51: eo nvzjiqvjv Svo e env ii gva g GB mgm v mgvavb Kiv hvq wpî 52: ev_uv e Awcw Qj g vu wewq q Zvi Dci `uvwo q KvR Ki Z n e 84

93 weqvbv Qv bvt mwvk c wz Z weqvbv Qv bvi KvR bv Ki j ckx I nv oi mgm v n Z cv i vb mízvi Kvi Y evukv Ae vq weqvbv Kivi Póv Ki j Zv Z mgm v n Z cv i ZvB weqvbv K Ggbfv e ivlv DwPZ hb Pvwiw` K wkqyuv RvqMv _v K Ges KvR Ki Z evavi m wó bv nq KL bvb GKv GKv g v Uªm miv bvi Póv Kiv DwPZ bq Dcyo n q KvR bv K i nuvuz M o e m KvR Ki Z n e wpî 53: `qv ji mv _ jv Mvqv wbpz weqvbv Qv Z wm q euvkv n Z nq GwU wvk bq wpî 54: weqvbv DuPz K i biqv n q Q hb me w`k _ K KvR Kiv hvq gvjcî miv bvt M nkgx iv A bk Î fvix gvjcî miv bvi mgq wc V, Kvg i, Kuv a I nv Zi Kwâ Z e _v c q _v K Lvwj nv Z fvix wrwbmcî Mvwo Z XvKv Z I ei Ki Z wksev jvke ji Afv e GKv GKv gvjcî enb Ki Z wm q G ai bi mgm v n Z cv i ZvB wrwbm miv bvi Rb Uªwj e envi Ki Z n e fvix wrwbm `uvwo q wksev Kvgi wbpz K i bv Zz j eis e m Av Í Av Í Dc i Zzj Z n e wpî 55: fvix e D Ëvj bi wbqg Ab vb hmkj wel q mzk _vk Z n e Gme QvovI M nkgx `i K A bk gqjv I bvsiv wrwbm ai Z nq Gme Î M nkgx wewfbœ iv M AvμvšÍ n Z cv ib KwgK vj e envi Kivi mgq Kvb wrwbmcî cwi vi I avqvi mgq nv Z Møvfm& ci Z n e wewfbœ KwgK vj aivi mgq Lqvj ivl Z n e hb Zv bv K I Pv L bv hvq 85

94 Kvb ivmvμvší e w³ K cwi vi Kivi ci nvz fv jv K i ay Z n e cö qvr b bv K gv I nv Z Møvfm& ci Z n e cö qvr b RxevYybvkK jvkb e envi Ki Z n e Lvjv `irv ev Wªqv ii mv _ av v j M cöpû AvNvZ cviqvi m vebv _v K ZvB mzk fv e Pjv div Ki Z n e N ii Qv` cwi vi Kivi mgq greyz Pqvi Ges gb e envi Ki Z n e hb Pqvi I gb f ½ Kv bv wec` bv N U KvR kl niqvi cicib aviv jv DcKiY (Qzwi, `v) wbw` ó v b ev wbivc` v b ev bvmv ji evb i ivl Z n e frv nv Z ˆe`ÿ wzk Zvi/myBP aiv hv e bv Ges e env ii ci B jkuªwbk wrwbmcî wbw` ó v b Zz j ivl Z n e Mig cvwbi Kj wvkg Zv eü K i ivl Z n e, bv n j U vc ev Kj _ K Mig cvwb nvz ev cv q c o cy o hviqvi m vebv _v K frv Rvgv c i ewk Y _vkv DwPZ bq Qv ` Kvco ïkv Z ev Qv` cwi vi Kivi mgq mveav b Ki Z n e Qv `i G Kev i wkbvivq hviqv hv e bv 14.2 cvkvk wk í Kg iz Kg x `i Kg Î SzuwK I SzuwK e e vcbv h mkj köwgkiv cvkvk wk í KvR K ib Zviv Kg Î wewfbœ ai bi SzuwKi m ylxb nb hgb Zv `i AwaKvsk mgq Db y³ I ˆe`ÿ wzk mumvwk Ui gva g mn R Av b jvm Z cv i Ggb `vn hš cvwzi g a KvR Ki Z nq GRb köwgk `i Aek B Gai bi hš cvwz e env ii h_vh_ wbqg I G m úwk Z SzuwK e e vcbvi Dcvq jv R b wb Z n e AwMœ wbe vck hš wkfv e e envi K i Zv Rvbv, Av b jvm j h iv Ív Øviv ei n Z nq Zvi mv _ cwiwpz niqv I AwMœ wbe vcy e e vcbv m ú K m K aviyv _vkv cö qvrb AZ vwak kã`~ly cvkvk wk íi Kg iz Kg x `i ^v SuzwKi Ab Zg KviY AwZwi³ kã`~l Yi d j cvkvk wk íi Kg xiv A bk mgq köeykw³, nvbcvi Ubkb, ü` ivm I Ny gi mgm vq fv Mb G Î köwg Ki DwPZ Kv b Zzjv wksev GqvicøvM e envi Kiv KUb Wv ev Kvco _ K m ó ayjv cvkvk wk íi Kg iz Kg x `i ^v SuzwKi Av iv GKwU Ab Zg KviY KUb Wv i Kvi Y cvkvk wk íi Kg xiv A bk ai Yi dzmdz mi iv M fv Mb cvkvk Kg x `i hw` wbtk v mi mgm v nq, Kvwki mgm v nq Ges eyk eü n q hvq Ggb Abyf~wZi m wó nq Zvn j Wv³v ii kiyvcbœ niqv DwPZ KUb Wv _ K gyw³ cviqvi Rb köwg Ki DwPZ gy L gv I G vkrv ûw e envi Kiv, hlv b KvR K i mb RvqMv wbqwgz cwi vi Kiv, frv ev Av` ª cwi ek ervq ivlv Ges ch vß evqy PjvP ji e e v ivlv 14.4 wk bvi/cwi QbœZv Kg x cwi QbœZv Kg x `i wewfbœ ai bi mvevb, wwuvi R U, Iqv wigyfvi BZ vw` w` q KvR Ki Z nq Gme wrwbm wewfbœ KwgK vj w` q ˆZix hw` Gme e envi Kivi mgq mveavbzv Aej ^b bv Kiv nq Z e PvL, bvk, dzmdzm I Z Ki wz n Z cv i A bk mgq cwi QbœZv Kg xiv bv ey S AwZwi³ gvîvq KwgK vj e envi K ib ZvovZvwo cwi v ii Avkvq GUv Kiv DwPZ bv hme RvqMvq Av jv evzvm PjvPj Ki Z cv i bv, mme RvqMvq fvix KwgK vj e envi Kiv DwPZ bv G Z `yn Ubvi m vebv _v K KL bvb `ybwu KwgK vj GK mv _ wgkv bv DwPZ bv Kvb KwgK vj aivi Av M I cwi vi Kivi Av M nv Z Møvfm& c i wb Z n e KwgK vj e env ii mgq Lqvj ivlv DwPZ hb nv Z ev Pv L bv hvq, KviY G Z ^v mgm v n Z cv i 86

95 14.5 bvixi wbivcëv i vq KiYxq GKRb bvix K memgq Zvi wbivcëvi wel q g bv hvmx n Z n e Awfevmx bvix hw` mvgvb Zg wbh vzb/nqivwbi wkkvi nb Zvn j muv wb q Lye mgv jvpbv Kiv nq Ges mb my hv M bvix Awfevmb e Üi Rb cöpviyv Pvjv bv nq GQvov GKRb Awfevmx bvix m ú~y bzzb GKwU cwi e k KvR Ki Z hv Qb, myzivs mb ` ki AvPvi AvPiY Zv K fvjfv e wk L wb Z n e G welq jv g b i L GKRb bvix Awfevmx K Zvi wb Ri wbivcëvi e vcv i we kl g bv hvm w` Z n e G Î hv hv Kiv cö qvrb: gymjgvb n j bvgv Ri mgq bvgvr cov, wlª vb n j iweev i Kv Qi Pv P hviqv, wn `y n j Ges Zv `i agx q Dcvmbvjq _vk j mlv b hviqv Ges mk ji mv _ cwiwpz niqv ivrvi mgq ivrv ivlv evb i ågy ev Kv R ei n j AvKvgv ev evzvkv, cwipqcî ev cvm cvu I wfmvi d UvKwc mv _ ivlv Kvb Lvwj v b (wjdu, evm, Uªb) GKv Pjv div bv Kiv ev Gwo q Pjv Kvb cyiæ li mv _ GKv Kv_vI bv hviqv AcwiwPZ ev Aí cwiwpz KviI mv _ Kv_vI bv hviqv wb Ri N ii `irv memgq eü K i ivlv evsjv `kx wkqz Amr jvk bvix `i fvj ez bi jvf `wl q KvR _ K ei K i wb q Av m Ges A b i Kv Q wewμ K i `q myzivs `~Zvev mi mn hvwmzv Qvov KvR e`jv bv LyeB wec`rbk evsjv `k `~Zvev mi wvkvbv memgq m ½ ivlv Ges h Kvb wec ` Zv `i kiyvcbœ niqv bvix Awfevmx `i Rb `~Zvev m Avkªq K `ªi e e v Av Q evwoi M nkîx i mv _ mym úk ervq ivlv hb wec `i mgq wzwb mvnvh Ki Z cv ib Kv_vI KvR Ki Z M j mlvbkvi Riæix e e v m ú K Av MB R b wb Z n e evwoi cyiæl `i Dcw wz Z Zv `i mvg b ei bv niqv m e vcwi Kv R AwaK g bvwb ek Kiv 14.6 iv Ív iv ÍvNv U PjvPj Igv b Awfevmx köwg Ki Rb Ab Zg wbivcëv SuzwK mok `yn Ubv Igv b g Zz i Ab Zg KviY AwZ `ªæZ Mvox Pvjv bv, iv ÍvNv U Mvox PjvP ji wbqg bv gvbv, iv ÍvNv U PjvP ji wbqg bv Rvbv Ges `ye j UªvwdK e e v BZ vw`i Kvi Y A b K `yn Ubvi wkkvi nb, G Z A bk mgq A½nvwb N U wksev A b K gvivi hvb ga cöv P euv w` K jb ` L iv Ív cvi n Z nq G Î UªvwdK wbqg wk L Zv g b Pj Z n e Igv b iv Ív cvi nevi Rb iv Ív cvivcv ii v b cöm evub _v K iv Ív cvi nevi mg q iv Ív cvivcv ii Rb wba vwiz v b wm q cöm evub wu c A c v Ki Z n e hlb meyr evwz `Lv e (wmmbvj w` e) ZLb iv Ív cvi n Z n e wpî 56: cöm evu bi bgybv 87

96 14.7 Av b jvm j KiYxq Av b `L j wepwjz ev AvZ¼M niqv DwPZ bq axi w i _vk Z n e cö_ g Av bi DrcwË Kv_vq, mwz B Av b j M Q wkbv Rvbvi Póv Ki Z n e Ah_v wprkvi Pü vpv gwp bv K i cöv_wgk Ae vqb Av b bfv bvi Póv Ki Z n e cöv_wgk Ae v ZB wbivcëv Kg x I dvqvi mvwf m K Lei w` Z n e Ges GKB m ½ Av bi m~pbv ZB A bi Dci ( Zj, imvqb I guvj RvZxq c`v_ Qvov) cvwb wb c Kiæb ˆe`ÿ wzk Av b `ªæZ cöavb mybp eü Ki Z n e ci bi Kvc o Av b jvm j gvwu Z MovMwo w` Z n e, fz ji `Šov bv hv e bv Zv Z Av b e o hv e Av b jvmv wbwðz n j ch vqμ g ax i my b g Avm Z n e û ovûwo K i bvgv hv e bv AvMyb EaŸ gylx, ZvB h Zjvq Av b jvm e m Zjvi jvkrb K ewi q Avmvi my hvm w` Z n e Dc ii Zjvi ci wb Pi w` Ki Zjvi jvkrb K ewi q Avmvi my hvm w` Z n e Av bi we Ívi iva Ki Z Av kcv ki `vn e mwi q wb Z n e 14.7 f~wgk ú KiYxq f~wgk úi mgq N ii fz i _vk j KiYxq f~wgk ú ïiæ niqvi mv _ mv _ gvwu Z nvgv wo w` q e m co Z n e k³-greyz Kvb Avmev ei wb P Xz K h Z n e Ges mwu K nvz w` q k³ K i Rwo q ai Z n e hv Z m i bv hvq g b ivl Z n e, Avgv `i ` ni g a gv_v nj me P q bgbxq A½ Avmev ei AvkÖq bv c j nvz w` q i v Ki Z n e wpî 57: f~wgk úi mg q Kx KiYxq Zvi bgybv AvmevecÎ bv c j N ii fz ii w` Ki `qv ji bx P e m AvkÖq bqv h Z cv i evb ii w` Ki `qvj wec`rbk Rvbvjvi KuvP, Avqbv, Avjgvwi, `qv j Szjv bv e _ K `~ i _vk Z n e eûzj fe bi Dc ii w` K Ae vb Ki j N ii fz i _vkvb fv jv KviY, wbivc` v b cušqv bvi c~ e B f~wgk úi gvîv e o h Z cv i f~k úb _ g M j ewi q Avm Z n e wb P bvg Z PvB j Kvbfv eb wjdu e envi Kiv hv ebv wmuwo w` q nu U bvg Z n e weqvbvq kviqv Ae vq _vk j ewk `~ i bv wm q weqvbvi wb PB AvkÖq wb Z n e N ii evb i _vk j KiYxq Lvjv RvqMv Luy R AvkÖq wb Z n e jvbu cv, wewìs/`vjvb, MvQ A_ev ˆe`ÿ wzk LyuwUi wb P `uvov bv hv e bv iv Ívq QvUvQzwU Kiv hv e bv KviY, gv_vi Dci Kuv Pi UzKiv, ˆe`ÿ wzk LyuwU A_ev ˆe`ÿ wzk Zvi wqu o c o `yn Ubv NU Z cv i 88

97 Pjgvb Mvwo Z _vk j KiYxq Lvjv RvqMvq Mvwo _vwg q Mvwoi fz ib Avkªq wb Z n e KL bvb weªr wksev d vbifv i _vgv hv e bv f~wgk ú bv _vgv ch ší Mvwoi fz ib A c v Ki Z n e f~wgk úi c i KiYxq f~wgk ú kl n ji AviI GKwU/`ywU g `y K ú bi Rb cö Z _vk Z n e h_vm e kvší _vk Z n e K úb _ g M ji wrwbmcî c o hviqv ch ší A c v Ki Z n e, Zvici ei n Z n e wb R AvnZ wkbv cix v Ki Z n e Ges Aci K mvnvh Ki Z n e M v mi mvgvb Zg MÜ c j Rvbvjv Ly j ei n q h Z n e Ges `ªæZ givg Zi e e v Ki Z n e Kv_vI ˆe`ÿ wzk ùzwj½ Pv L co j gbb mybr eü K i w` Z n e wzmö wewìs/`vjvb _ K `~ i _vk Z n e aÿsm c AvU K co j KiYxq Av b R vjv bv hv e bv M v mi ms hv M wq`ª _vk j `yn Ubv N U h Z cv i nvz A_ev iægvj w` q bvk gyl X K wb Z n e ax i bovpov Ki Z n e Ges D v ii A c vq _vk Z n e D vi Kv Ri mgq wb Ri Aw ÍZ Rvbvb w` Z cvbc A_ev `qv j Av Í Av Í UvKv w` q kã Kiv h Z cv i wprkvi bv KivB köq, KviY G Z cöpzi cwigv Y a~jv wbtk v mi mv _ Xz K h Z cv i wkš hviv wbqg ewnf ~Zfv e/a eafv e Kvwiqv Z Av Qb Zv `i wpwkrmv m c~y wbr ^ e q Ki Z nq 14.8 `yn UbvKvjxb mvnvh h Kvb `yn UbvKvjxb Riæix mvnv h i Rb 999 b ^ i Kj Ki j ^í mg qi g a cywjk, G v ^y jý A_ev Av b wbqš Yi mvnvh P j Avm e GQvovI, Riæix `yn Ubv mnvqzvi Rb I Ab vb Riæix ^v mnvqzvi Rb b ^ i Kj Ki Z n e köwg Ki DwPZ Igv b Awfevmb Kivi c~ e Zvi PvKwi`vZvi gva g PvKwii Pzw³c Îi cövb fu nj&_ BÝÿ iý w gi e e v wbwðz Kiv Ab _vq nj_& KvW (Health Card) K i mikvwi nvmcvzvj ev mev K `ª jv Z hviqv hvq 89

98

99 mȳ ^v, gvbwmk I kvixwik ^v gvbwmk ^v i SzuwK: M ncxov/ nvgwmk& bm (home sickness) I nzvkv/welyœzv I SzuwK cwiîv Yi Dcvq kvixwik ^v i wewfbœ w`k: Kvb& Kvb& ivm ewk nq, hšb msμwgz ivm (bvix `i Rb : cörbb ^v ) I kvixwik mȳ ^v wbwðzki Yi Dcvq Aa vq 15 e w³mz ^v I cwi vi cwi QbœZv GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY: e w³mz ^v e vcbv Ges cwi vi cwi QbœZvi welq jv e vl v Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 45 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv, `jxq KvR AwfÁZv wewbgq, cö`k b, Av jvpbv evw, gvkv i cvóvi ccvi gvk vi, cvóvi ó vû gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc 5 wgwbu 25 wgwbu 15 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` kbv AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb mȳ ^v ej Z Zviv K Kx ev Sb G K G K DËi jv ïbyb mevi DËi wgwj q Ges Z_ cî Abymv i mȳ ^v i msáv ejyb Gevi cökœ Kiæb gvbwmk I kvixwik ^v ej Z Zviv K Kx ev S DËi jv ïbyb Ges gvbwmk ^v A_ vr M ncxov/ nvgwmk& bm (home sickness) I nzvkv/welyœzv m ú K ms c e vl v w`b AskMÖnYKvix `i PviwU ` j fvm Kiæb `ywu `j K M ncxov _ K cwiîv Yi Dcvq, Ab `ywu `j K nzvkv/welyœœzv _ K cwiîv Yi Dcvq cvóvi ccv i wjl Z ejyb jlv kl n j cö Z K `j _ K h Kvb GKRb K Dc vcb Ki Z ejyb `jxq Dc vcb kl n j M ncxov/ nvgwmk& bm (home sickness) I nzvkv/welyœzv I SzuwK cwiîv Yi Dcvq gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb Zv `i g a hw` Kvb wd i Avmv Awfevmx _v K Z e wzwb Ges Ab vb AwfevmxMY Kx Kx iv M fzm Zb h Kvb GKR bi AwfÁZv ïbyb Ges Z_ cî Abymv i gvwëwgwwqvi gva g Awfevmx köwgkm Yi kvixwik ^v cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: cöwk Yi Av MB AskMÖnYKvix `i ejv n q Q evsjv ` ki Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvskB SzuwKc~Y Kv Ri mv _ m ú ³ hv Ôw_ª ww PvKwiÕ (SuzwKc~Y, bvsiv I RwUj) bv g cwiwpz ^vfvwekfv e ZvB Gai bi Kv R köwg Ki ^v SzuwK A bk ewk köwg Ki DwPZ wb Ri ^v i cöwz h _ó hzœevb niqv I mȳ ^v wbwðz Kiv mȳ ^v Kv Ri cöwz Drmvn e w Ki e Ges Awfevm bi g~j j AR b köwgk m g n e 91

100 15.1 mȳ ^v Kx ^v ej Z GKmv _ kvixwik I gvbwmk Dfq KB eysvq DfqB G K A b i mv _ cvi úwikfv e RwoZ Avi mȳ ^v ej Z kvixwik I gvbwmk Dfq ^v i myi v K eysvq Dfq ^v i myi v wbwðz Ki Z bv cvi j cöev m Awfevmx köwg Ki Kg Rxeb e vnz n e Ges Awfevm bi j AwR Z n e bv Awfevmx köwg Ki gvbwmk ^v cöevm Rxe b GKRb Awfevmx köwgk mvaviyz M ncxov/ nvgwmk& bm (home sickness) I nzvkv/welyœzv G `yb gvbwmk ^v SzuwKi m ylxb nb wb gœ G wb q Av jvpbv Kiv n jv K) M ncxov/ nvgwmk& bm (Home sickness): köwgk cöev m hvevi ci cib wbr cwievi, we kl K i mšívb, AvZ xq ^Rb, eüzevüe Q o hviqvi Kvi Y gvbwmkfv e cöpû Aw izvq fv Mb G mg q Zv `i wkqz fv jv jv Mbv I ` k wd i Avmvi B Qv nq G ai bi gvbwmk Ae v K M ncxov/ nvgwmk& bm (home sickness) e j g b ivl Z n e, cöevm Rxe bi cöv_wgk ch v q AwaKvsk gvbyl nvgwmk& bm mgm vq fv Mb Ges K qk gvm AwZevwnZ nevi ci GwU wvk n q hvq Z e G mgm v Øviv ewk gvîvq cöfvwez bv n q G _ K cwiîv Yi Póv Ki Z n e nvgwmk& bm/m ncxov _ K cwiîv Yi Dcvq jv n jv we ` k mgq KvUv bvi Rb j w i Kiv ciezx K qk mßv ni g a wb R K bzzb cwi e ki mv _ Lvc LvB q bqv Ges fv jv Kv Ri gva g wb qvmkz vi KvQ _ K mybvg AR b Kiv-Giƒc cöwzáv wb q Awfevmx köwgk K bzzb Kg Î Rxeb ïiæ Ki Z n e G ai bi j we ` k Kgx i Kv R AvZ wek vm evov e köwgk wb R K wewfbœ Kv R e Í ivl Z cvi j evwoi Rb gb Lvivc Kg n e e w³mz I Kg Î wewfbœ Kv R wb R K e Í ivl j mgq K U hv e Ges ` ki K_v Kg g b co e kvixwik e vqvg Av em K wbqš Y ivl Z mnvqzv K i wbr ` k cwievi I eüz ^Rb `i mv _ wbqwgz hvmv hvm ivlv fv jv, Z e AwZgvÎvq hvmv hvm Kgx K welyœzvi w` K V j w` Z cv i mšívb ev cwiev ii AvcbR bi Qwe mv _ ivlv fvj Aemi mg q Zv `i Qwe `L j gb fv jv nq Ges Kv R Drmvn ev o M nkz vi g bvfve ey S, Zvi AbygwZ mv c mv _ bqv gvevbj dvb muwu Pvjy Kiv hv e Ges Zv wbr Li P Kiv DwPZ wpwv jlvi gva gi cwievi I eü ^Rb `i mv _ hvmv hvm ivlv h Z cv i m Î wpwv cvvv bvi wvkvbv R b h Z n e I M nkz vi ev H cwiev ii m`m ev Kg Pvixi gva g A_ev my hvm _vk j wb RB wpwv cv Kiv h Z cv i Kg j mnkg x Ges wb qvmkz vi mv _ mym úk ivl Z n e we ` k Aew Z Ab vb ^ `kx Kg x `i mv _ Nwbô hvmv hvm i v Ki Z n e GKvKxZ Gov bvi Rb wewfbœ mvgvwrk Abyôv b hvm w` Z n e m e n j `wk cwîkv cov fvj (B Uvi b U A bk evsjv cwîkv cviqv hvq) wuwf Z GLb evsjv ` ki wewfbœ P v bj `Lv hvq Aemi mg q evsjv ` ki P v bj jv `L ji gb fv jv _v K 92

101 L) nzvkv/welyœzv: nzvkv/welyœzv GK ai bi Amȳ Zv hv μgvmz e w c q gvivz K gvbwmk Amȳ Zvi KviY n q `uvovq nzvkvmö e w³ `xn w`b gbtk ó fv M Ges mvgvwrk, e w³mz I cövz wnk KvRK g Drmvn nvwi q d j Ges wewfbœ ai bi SuzwKc~Y AvPi Yi g a Rwo q co Z cv i SuzwKc~Y AvPi Yi g a Awbivc` hšb m ú K AšÍf ~w³ I g`vkvm³ nevi m vebv _v K nzvkv GKRb e w³i Abyf~wZ, wpšívfvebv Ges AvPi Y cwiez b Av b wpî 58: welyœzvi bgybv GB ai bi j Y `Lv w` j, hz `ªæZ m e wpwkrm Ki civgk wb Z n e Ges Zvi civgk gvzv ek Jla/wPwKrmv Pvwj q h Z n e bzzev Gi Rb köwg Ki ^v MZ vqx wz n Z cv i; cwievi _ K wew Qbœ n q h Z cv i; Zvi Rj/Ab vb kvw Í n Z cv i; PvKwi wzmö n Z cv i; wksev e _ Awfevmb k l ` k wd i Avm Z n Z cv i GgbwK gvivz K msμvgk e vwai Kvi Y g Zz ch ší n Z cv i nzvkv/welyœzv _ K cwiîv Yi DcvqMy jv n jv my `i fwel Zi cwikíbv Ki Z n e Ges wbqwgz cwiev ii mv _ hvmv hvm ivl Z n e GKvKxZ Gov bvi Rb wewfbœ mvgvwrk Abyôv b hvm w` Z n e mȳ we bv` b Ask wb Z n e Ges m e n j QywU Z eov Z h Z n e wb Ri mgm v wb q Ab vb `i mv _ Lvjv gjv Av jvpbv Ki Z n e I mgvav bi Póv Ki Z n e ag Abykxjb Ki Z n e gv`k`ªe cwinvi Ki Z n e Z e Avm³ n q co j `ªæZ wpwkrm Ki civgk wb Z n e Awfevmx köwg Ki kvixwik ^v kvixwik fv e mȳ _vkvi Rb GKRb Awfevmx köwgk K K qkwu wel qi cöwz g bv hvmx niqv cö qvrb, G jv n jv: cöevm Rxe b mvaviyz h AmyL jv nq m m ú K Ávb I mb ivm _ K wb R K gy³ ivlvi Dcvq Rvbv; hšb msμwgz ivm m ú K Ávb I mb ivm _ K wb R K gy³ ivlvi Dcvq Rvbv; bvix Awfevmx köwg Ki Î Zvi cörbb ^v m ú K Rvbv; cwi vi cwi QbœZv _vkv Ges m e vcwi ^v m PZbZv AR b Kiv 93

102 Awfevmx köwgkmy h mkj iv M ewk AvμvšÍ nb RwÛm I ncvuvbwum: ncvuvbwum GKwU fvbivmrwbz ivm hvi j Y wnmv e RwÛm `Lv `q Kvb Kvb ncvuvbwum RxevYy cvwbi gva g Qovq Acwi vi I RxevYyhy³ cvwb I Lvevi MÖnY GB iv Mi g~j KviY GQvov Awbivc` hšbwgjb I i ³i gva gi ncvuvbwum RxevYy Qovq wedwu cvj v i ev mjy b ncvuvbwum AvμvšÍ e w³i e eüz hš cvwzi e env ii d ji G AmyL nq i³ cix v K i RwÛm aiv co j Zvi wpwkrmv i q Q wpwkrmvi cvkvcvwk cöpzi cwigv Y weï cvwb MÖnY I wekövg cö qvrb nq mgqgz mwvk wpwkrmv I civgk bv wb j GB iv Mi d j wjfvi bó n q g Zÿ I n Z cv i ncvuvbwum cöwz iv ai Rb f vkwmb i q Q h Kv bv fvj wpwkrmv K `ª _ K wbw` ó wd Gi gva g GB Ôf vkwmbõ bqv hvq Wvqwiqv: GwU GKwU cvwbevwnz ivm Acwi vi I ˆZjv³ Lvevi hgb, evwm-cpv ev iæcvk Lvevi, `~wlz ev bvbv cvwb _ K Wvqwiqvq AvμvšÍ nq gvbyl Awfevm bi cö_g w` K Awfevmxiv bzzb ` ki bzzb Lvev i Abf ÍZvi Kvi YI Wvqwiqvi wkkvi n Z cv ib Wvqwiqvi Kvi Y kixi cvwbk~b n q hvq AwZwi³ cvwbk~b Zv A bk mgq gvby li gzz I W K Av b Wvqwiqv n j cvwb RvZxq big Lvevi L Z n e mbmv _ Lvevi m vjvbbi L Z n e cö qvr b wpwkrm Ki mvnvh wb Z n e wuwe ev h²v: GwU GKwU gvivz K evqyevwnz Quvqv P ivm A ^v Ki evm vb I Kv Ri cwi ek, a~jvevwj, auvqv ( hgb: Mvwo ev wmmv iu), QvU e KYv ( hgb: wm g Ui ov, AvUv BZ vw`), AvμvšÍ e w³i _y_y-kd evzv m Qwo q h vi cö Kvc eovq ga cöv P A b Ki wuwe nq ez gv b wuwe iv Mi DbœZgv bi wpwkrmv Avwe Z n q Q ZvB wuwe n j fq bv c q Lye `ªæZ wpwkrmvi e e v Ki Z n e G mg q a~jvevwj I auvqv _ K gy³ _vkv, a~gcvb bv Kiv Ges mylg Lvevi LvIqv DwPZ wuwe ivmxi e eüz Kvco, _vjv-evwu Ab KviI e envi Kiv DwPZ bq Pg ivm: emev mi vbwu cwi vi, ^v m Z I ch vß Av jv evzvm m úbœ niqv Riæix A ^v Ki evm vb I Kv Ri cwi ek, Aí RvqMvq ewk gvbyl Mv`vMvw` K i emevm, Ach vß weqvbv I Acwi Qbœ cwi e k cöevmx Kgx `i g a Pg ivm I Ab vb wkqy msμvgk ivm `Lv w` Z cv i evzvm PjvP ji Afve, ch vß ^v m Z Uq ju I MvmjLvbvi Afve Pg ivm I Ab vb Quvqv P ivm K Av iv evovq evm vbmz mgm vi Kvi Y Awb`ªv, gv_ve _v, nv oi e _v, ev Zi e _v BZ vw` n Z cv i wkwbx ivm: wkwbx ivm niqvi KviY n Q ch vß cwigv Y cvwb cvb bv Kiv, cömªv ei em n j Zv P c ivlv Ges Acwi Qbœ _vkv G ivm cöwz iva Kiv hv e ch vß wbivc` cvwb cvb K i Ges Ah_v cömªve AvUwK q bv i L hšb msμwgz ivm: hšbwgj bi gva g h iv Mi msμgy ev we Ívi N U Zv K hšb msμwgz ivm ev hšbevwnz msμgy e j cwievi cwirb _ K `~ i cöev m k Ljvwenxb Rxeb-hvcb Ges bvbv KzmsmM gvbyl K SyuwKc~Y hšbwgj b cöjyä Ki Z cv i hšb msμwgz iv Mi GKwU gvî j Y _vk Z cv i, Avevi GKB mv _ GKvwaK j YI _vk Z cv i Avevi A bk Î Kvb j Y bvi _vk Z cv i hšb msμwgz ivm ev hšb msμg Yi mvaviy j Y jv 94

103 n jv: hšbv½ ev Gi Av kcv k Nv niqv, cömªv ei mgq e _v I R vjv Kiv, cömªv ei iv Ívq cyur ei niqv ev hvwbc _ AwZwi³ mªve niqv, Zj c U e _v, hšbv ½ ev Av kcv k dzmkzwo ev AuvwPj BZ vw` hšb msμwgz ivm Aek B hšbwgj bi gva g Qovq, wkš G `i g a wkqy ivm Avevi Ab gva gi Qov Z cv i hgb: ncvuvbwum, GBPAvBwf G jv i ³i gva g Ges AvμvšÍ gv _ K mšív bi g a I Qovq cöev m ev ` k ^vgx ev xi SzuwKc~Y AvPi Yi d j hšb msμwgz iv M x ev ^vgxi AvμvšÍ n Z cv i G Z bvix `i cörbb ^v i Dci Gi cöfve c o AwaKvsk hšb msμwgz iv MiB wpwkrmv i q Q, Avevi meai bi hšbmsμwgz ivmb cöwz iva Kiv m e ZvB GB iv M AvμvšÍ n j `ªæZ wpwkrm Ki civgk wb Z n e I Ily ai Kvm m ú~y kl Ki Z n e GB iv M AvμvšÍ n j Kgx i Kg gzv K g hvq GgbwK PvKwiPz Z n q ` k diz P j Avm Z n Z cv i Gi wpwkrmvi e qeûj D jøl hvm K qkwu hšb msμwgz ivmmg~n: wmwcwjm: GwU GKwU e vk UwiqvRwbZ hšb msμwgz ivm GB iv Mi cöavb j Y n Q hšbv ½ ev Gi Av kcv k e _vgy³ Z I kix i MÖwš dz j hviqv GwU `ªæZ msμwgz ivm we kl Ái civgk wb Z n e I wbivc` hšb AvPiY Ki Z n e M bvwiqv: GwU GKwU e vk UwiqvRwbZ hšb msμwgz ivm GB iv M AvμvšÍ n j hšbv½ _ K cuyr ev cuy Ri gz mªve hvq, cömªv ei mgq R vjv cvov I e _v nq Ggb j Y `Lv w` j `ªæZ hšb msμwgz ivm we kl Ái civgk wb Z n e ncvuvbwum we I wm: ncvuvbwum we I wm fvbivmrwbz hšbevwnz ivm i³, exh I hšbim Gi gva g GK `n _ K Ab ` n msμwgz nq evb i _ K j Y Lye KgB evsv hvq wksev hšbv ½ Kvb j Y ev DcmM `Lv hvq bv eis wjfv i AvμgY K i GB ivm `ªæZ wpwkrm Ki civgk GB iv Mi nvz _ K i v c Z mnvqzv K i GBPAvBwf I GBWm&: GBPAvBwf GKwU fvbivmrwbz hšb ivm, hv kix i cö ek K i ^vfvwek ivm cöwz iva gzv aÿsm K i `q Gi d j GKch v q mn RB kix i wewfbœ ivm RxevYyi msμgy N U Zv _ K ivmx wb R K i v Ki Z e _ nq GBWm& GBPAvBwf AvμvšÍ `i kl Ae v i³, exh Ges gv _ K wkï ` n G fvbivm Qov Z cv i GBPAvBwf kix i cö e ki c i mvaviyz Kvb cökvi j Y `Lv hvq bv GB ivm n j mvaviyz: kix i IRb μgvš^ q Kg Z _v K, GK gv mi AwaK mgq a i Wvqwiqv Pj Z _v K, `xn gqvw` R i I Kvwk _v K, Mjv/eM ji wb P MÖwš mg~ n dz j hvq I e _v K i, gy Li wfzi mv`v mv`v `vm nq I Pvgovq weey Qvc nq wpwkrmv: ez gvb mgq ch ší GBPAvBwf Ges GBW mi Kvb cöwz lak/cöwz ivak Ilya Avwe vi nqwb GBPAvBwf AvμvšÍ n j Zv GBW m cwiyz nq Ges kl ch ší AvμvšÍ e w³i g Zz AeavwiZ wkqy wbqg g b P j Ges wbqwgz Ilya meb K i `xn w`b (15 _ K 20 eqi ev Av iv ewk) mȳ fv e eu P _vkv m e (cwiwkó 4: hšbevwnz ivm I GBPAvBwf m úwk Z mev I Z_ K `ªi ZvwjKv mshy³) 95

104 hfv e GBPAvBwf cöwz iva Kiv hvq i ³i Î hšb m ú K i Î gv _ K wkïi Î i³ bqvi Av M i ³i GBPAvBwf cix v K i bqv Ggb Kv iv i³ bqv hv e bv, h Rvbv g Z SzuwKc~Y hšb AvPi Y Af Í wkwbx ev Ab Kvb A½ cöz ½ MÖnY Ki Z i ³i GBPAvBwf cix v K i bqv Kuv Pi wmwiä GKvwaKevi e envi Kiv n j Kgc 20 wgwbu dzuší cvwb Z dzwu q bqv wmwiä KLbI Ab Kv iv mv _ fvmvfvwm bv Kiv Awbivc` hšb m úk _ K weiz _vkv ^vgx- x ev wek ÍÍ m½xi mv _ hšb m úk mxgve ivlv h Kvb hšb m ú K i Î KbWg e envi Kiv AvμvšÍ gv qi Mf avi Yi Av M wpwkrm Ki civgk bqv wpwkrm Ki civgk Abyhvqx wba vwiz mg q Ilya MÖnY Kiv mšívb f~wgô niqvi mgq we klá Wv³v ii mnvqzv bqv wpî 59: GBPAvBwf cöwz iva Kivi Avbymvw½K wpî bvix Awfevmx köwg Ki cörbb ^v Awfevmx bvix Kgx `i cörbb ^v m ú K mzk _vk Z n e cöev m Zv `i PjvP ji ^vaxbzv, hvmv hv Mi m gzv, Ab v qi cöwzev` I cöwz iv ai kw³ cyiæl `i Zzjbvq Kg d j hšb nqivwb I hšb wbcxo bi SuywK Zv `i ewk ga cöv P i `k jv Z A ea hšbwgjb I Mf aviy eavbbx G Î Zviv SuywKc~Y Mf cvz Kiv Z eva nq, hv Zv `i cörbb ^v I hšb ^v SzuwK e w K i aiv co j Gi Rb Zv K ` k diz cvwv q `qv n Z cv i, GgbwK Î we k l g Zÿ `ÛI n Z cv i 96

105 e w³mz cwi vi cwi QbœZv Awfevmx Kgx i e w³mz ^v i cvkvcvwk e w³mz cwi vi cwi QbœZvi Dci we kl iæz `qv DwPZ e w³mzfv e ^v m PZb n q ` ni wewfbœ As ki hzœ bqv cö qvrb hgb: Pzj: Pzj ` ni iæz c~y Ask cöwz mßv n Kgc 2/3 evi mvevb A_ev k v úy w` q Pzj cwi vi Ki Z n e k v úyi ci Pzj fv jvfv e ay Z n e Ges ïwk q wb Z n e big eªvk e envi Kiv `ikvi wbqwgz Pz ji eªvk Ges wpiæwb cwi vi ivl Z n e Z K: Z Ki myi vi Rb mvevb Ges jvkb cö qvrb Z Ki ^v i Rb ewk K i cvwb LvIqv cö qvrb Z Ki Av`ª Zv i v _ gqðvivbrvi wμg ev jvkb e envi Ki Z n e wb R K ^v m Z ivl Z n j ` ni cöwzwu A½ fv jvfv e cwi vi ivl Z n e A ^v Ki Ae vi Kvi Y ` ni Mvcb RvqMvq cö`vn I Zi m wó nq Ges Gi d j Z Ki gvivz K AmyL nq Z K avqvi ci ïk bv cwi vi Zvqv j ev mywzi Kvco w` q Z K gyq Z n e A b i e envi Kiv mvevb Ges Zvqv j Gwo q Pjv `ikvi cö Z Kw`b cwi aq Ges AšÍe vm cwi vi Kiv Ges cwiez b Kiv LyeB iæz c~y `uvz: `uvz eªvk Kiv `uv Zi myi vi Rb LyeB Riæix w` b `yõevi `uvz eªvk Kiv Ges Lvev ii ci fv jv K i cvwb w` q Kzwj Kiv DwPZ weqvbvq hviqvi Av M `uvz eªvk Kiv Avek K eªv ki gva g `uv Zi duv K AvU K _vkv Lv` KYv ei Ki Z n e G Z K i `uv Zi I guvwoi ivm _ K myi v cviqv hv e `uvz mwvkfv e cwi vi bv n j gy L `ym Ü nq Ges Gi d j AvZ wek vm K g h Z cv i fv jv Kvb Uz_ c w` q `uvz cwi vi Kiv DwPZ nvz: bl cwi vi ivlv Riæix Ges bl memgq QvU K i KvUv DwPZ Lqvj ivl Z n e hb b L Kvb Ae v ZB gqjv bv R g cv: wbqwgz cv qi hzœ wb Z n e Mvm ji ci ïkbv K i cv gy Q dj Z n e Wvqv ewuk ivmx `i Rb cv qi h Zœ we kl mveavbzv Aej ^b Ki Z nq gvwmk: FZyKvjxb mg q Aek B m vwbuvix c vw I c vw U e envi Ki Z n e e eüz c vw wbw` ó v b dj Z n e GB mgq cwi vi cwi QbœZvi Dci we kl ` wó w` Z n e gvwmk msμvší Kvb RwUjZv `Lv w` j `wi bv K i Wv³v ii civgk wb Z n e ^v welqk m PZbZv Awfevmx Kgx `i wbqwgz ^v cix v Kiv cö qvrb wbqwgz ^v cix v Ki j cöv_wgk Ae v ZB ivm aiv c o Ges wpwkrmv ïiæ Kiv hvq d j GKRb Kgx `xn w`b Kg g _vk Z cv i Ges KZ e cvj b ` n q D V ciezx Z m mȳ ^v wb q wbivc ` ` k wd i Avm Z cv i ZvQvov `xn w` bi Amȳ Zvq wpwkrmv bv Ki j Zv Av iv RwUj AvKvi aviy K i hv ciezx Z ^v i Rb gvivz K ûgwki m wó Ki e hme Kgx nuvcvwb, D P i³pvc, Wvqv ewum BZ vw` iv M AvμvšÍ Zv `i hvîvi c~ e B wpwkrm Ki civgk wb q cömwμckb mv _ wb q hviqv DwPZ we ` k cömwμckb Qvov Ilya Kbv hvq bv cöwzw`b h me Ilya wbqwgz L Z nq, m jv cömwμckbmn mv _ wb q hviqv h Z cv i 97

106

107 Aa vq: 16 Awfevmx köwgk `i AwaKvimg~n GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY AvšÍR vwzk kög AvB bi Aax b Awfevmx köwg Ki we kl gšwjk gvbevwakvi ey bv Ki Z cvi eb ; Igv b I evsjv ` k Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvi ej Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq AvšÍR vwzk kög AvB b Awfevmx köwg Ki gšwjk gvbevwakvi cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc 15 wgwbu Igv b evsjv ` k Awfevmx köwgk `i AwaKvi cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc 15 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` kbv AskMÖnYKvix `i cö_ g AvšÍR vwzk kög AvBb I Awfevmx köwgk m ú K mvaviy aviyv w`b AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb AwaKvi ej Z Zviv K Kx ev S G K G K DËi jv ïbyb Ges AwaKv ii mwvk msáv ejyb AZtci gvwëwgwwqvi gva g AvšÍR vwzk kög AvB b Awfevmx köwg Ki gšwjk gvbevwakvi, Igv b Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvi I evsjv ` k AwfevmbKvix köwgk `i AwaKvi cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb Awa ekb k l mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: GKRb köwgk A_ bwzk I mvgvwrkfv e DbœwZ jv fi R b B cwievi cwirb Q o Ab ` k Awfevmb K i _v Kb Z_vwc Awfevmx Rxe bi cöwzwu ch v q GKRb köwg Ki AwfÁZv mylki/bwzevpk bvi n Z cv i c~e ez x Aa vq jvi Av jvpbvi gva g evsv wm q Q h wb qvmkz v, mnkg x, Ab Kvb e w³, wb Ri AÁvbZv, Am PZbZv, Ae njv ev Ab Kvb Kvi Y GKRb köwgk SuywKi m ylxb n Z cv ib wksev wec ` co Z cv ib hv Zvi gvbevwakvi zyœ K i GKRb köwgk Zvi AwaKvi m ú K hv Z m PZb nb Ges AwaKvi jw NZ niqvi ci h_vh_ e e v wb Z m Pó nb, mrb G Aa v q ïaygvî c~e ez x Aa v q DwjøwLZ m ve SuywKi mv _ msmwzc~y AwaKvi wb q ms c Av jvpbv Kiv n jv GLv b köwg Ki MšÍe ` k Ae vbkv j ax i ax i Zvi Kv Ri mv _ m ú ³ H ` ki cöpwjz vbxq AvBb Ges evsjv `kx Awfevmx köwg Ki AvBb hv Zvi AwaKvi msi Y m Pó n e m jvi Dci Av jvkcvz Kiv n e wewfbœ AvšÍR vwzk kög AvB bi mv _ cwiwpwz gvbyl wnmv e cö Z K Awfevmx köwg Ki gvbevwakvi AvšÍR vwzkfv e ^xk Z Avi köwg Ki AwaKvi mgybœz I i v Kivi Rb AvšÍR vwzk ch v q A bk AvBb M nxz n q Q hv Kb fbkb/pzw³ bv g cwiwpz hgb: RvwZms Ni mve Rbxb gvbevwakvi NvlYv (1948), AvBGjIÕi Kg ms v bi D Ï k Awfevmb Kb fkb (ms kvwaz, 1949, bs 97), RvwZms Ni mkj cökvi ey -ˆelg Aemv bi Ici AvšÍR vwzk Kb fkb (1965), A_ bwzk, mvgvwrk I mvs wzk AwaKvimsμvšÍ AvšÍR vwzk mb` (1966), AZ vpvi Ges Ab vb wbôzi AgvbweK ev gh v`v nvwbki e envi 99

108 ev kvw Íi weiæ RvwZms Ni AvšÍR vwzk mb` (1984), AvBGjIÕi Awfevmx köwgk Kb fbkb (AwZwi³ wewa, 1975, bs 143), RvwZms Ni mkj Awfevmx köwgk I Zv `i cwiev ii m` m i AwaKvi msi Y msμvší AvšÍR vwzk Kb fbkb (1990) cöf wz evsjv ` ki Awfevmx köwgkmy mvaviyz hmkj ` k Awfevmb K i _v Kb Zv `i AwaKvskB DwjøwLZ AvšÍR vwzk Pzw³i/AvB bi m`m bq d j h mkj `k Gme Pzw³i m`m bq, Zv `i Rb Gme Pzw³i kz jv gvbv eva Zvg~jK bq Z e GLv b GK_vI g b ivlv cö qvrb h, köwg Ki AwaKvi hlb jw NZ nq ZLb wbr `k, AvšÍR vwzk m úª`vq I gvbevwakvi ms v jv A bk/we kl we kl ÎB GB mkj AvšÍR vwzk Pzw³i/AvB bi gva g köwg Ki AwaKvi i vq m Pó nq Awfevmx köwgk K RvwZms Ni mkj Awfevmx köwgk I Zv `i cwiev ii m` m i AwaKvi msi Y msμvší AvšÍR vwzk Kb fbkb 1990 (International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, 1990) Abyhvqx ÒAwfevmx kªwgkõ mb e w³, whwb Kv bv GKwU ` k grywi wewbg q Kv R (kö g) wb qvwrz nevi cöwμqvq i q Qb, wb qvwrz Av Qb wksev wb qvwrz wq jb, wkš wzwb mb ` ki bvmwik bb Ó wewfbœ AvšÍR vwzk kög AvB bi Aax b Awfevmx köwg Ki wkqz we kl gšwjk gvbevwakvi Awfevmx köwgk wnmv e GKRb köwg Ki wewfbœ AvšÍR vwzk Pzw³ Abyhvqx wb gœv³ AwaKvi jv cvevi AwaKvi Av Q: KvR I evm vb m úwk Z Z_ Rvbvi AwaKvi: we ` k hviqvi Av M, Awfevmx köwgk `i we ` k Zv `i Kg vb I emev mi e e v m ú K Rvbvi AwaKvi Av Q G m úwk Z Z_ Ggbfv e w` Z n e hv Z Zv `i evamg nq mnr eva PvKwii Pzw³cÎ cviqv köwg Ki AwaKvi: PvKwii Pzw³cÎ Ggb fvlvq niqv DwPZ hb kªwgkiv mn R eys Z cv i hw` Kvb Awfevmx kªwgk co Z/eyS Z bv cv i Z e Zv K Pzw³c Îi e³e eyws q ej Z n e we ` k hviqv cöwzwu ch v q Awfevmx kªwgk `i mikvwi ms vi mvnvh cviqvi AwaKvi Av Q köwg Ki h_v mg q cvwiköwgk I cövc Ab vb myweav cviqvi AwaKvi: PvKwiKvjxb mg q mkj Awfevmx köwg Ki cövc cvwikªwgk cviqvi AwaKvi Av Q G Î Zv `i ey, wj½ ev RvZxqZvi wfwë Z Kvb ˆelg Kiv hv e bv Zv `i wbqwgz ezb I Ab vb cövc myweavmg~n (evm vb, Lvevi) w` Z n e Rvic~e K kög _ K wb wz cvevi AwaKvi: AvBGjIÕi Rvic~e K kög Kb fbkb Abyhvqx Kvb Awfevmx köwgk K Rvic~e K ev ûgwki gy L KvR Kiv bv hv e bv Zv `i kvixwik wbh vzb Kiv, Zv `i ezb bv `Iqv, Zv `i cvm cvu I KvMRcÎ wqwb q biqv hv e bv 100

109 ˆelg _ K gyw³i AwaKvi Awfevmx köwgk K Zvi ey, RvwZ, RvZxqZv, wj½, mvgvwrk cwip qi wfwë Z ˆelg Kiv hv e bv Kv Ri mgq wekövg Ges kvixwik I hšb wbh vzb _ K gyw³i AwaKvi Awfevmx köwgk `i Kv Ri mgq, wekövg, IfviUvBg m ú K Rvbvi AwaKvi Av Q kvixwik I hšb wbh vz bi nvz _ K gyw³ cvevi AwaKvi Av Q AvBbMZ myweav cviqv AwaKvi Awfevmx köwgk `i MšÍe ` ki AvBb Abyhvqx AvBbx mvnvh cvevi AwaKvi Av Q ^vaxbfv e Pjv divi AwaKvi Awfevmx köwg Ki AvBbMZfv e MšÍe ` k Pjv div Kievi AwaKvi Av Q Zv `i ïaygvî Kg Î e `x K i ivlv hv e bv mk j Zvi wbr `kmn h Kv bv `k Z vm Kiv Ges wbr ` k wd i Avmvi AwaKvi iv L ` k UvKv cvvv bvi AwaKvi: ` ki AvBb Abyhvqx Awfevmx köwgk `i Zv `i cwiev ii Kv Q UvKv cvvv bvi I UvKv Rgv bvi AwaKvi Av Q mfv mwgwz Kivi AwaKvi cö Z K kvwšíc~y mfv mwgwz Kivi AwaKvi iv L KvD K GKwU mwgwzi Aax b Avb Z eva Kiv hv e bv UªW BDwbqb Kivi AwaKvi cö Z K wbr ^v_ K i vi Rb UªW BDwbqb MVb ev G Z hvm`v bi AwaKvi iv L cöwzwu e w³ KvR K i RxweKv evqvb Kivi ^vaxbzv, KvR Kivi myôz cwi ek Ges ekviz _ K wb R K i v Kivi AwaKvi iv L cö Z K Kv bviƒc we f` e wzz GKB Kv R mggrywi cvevi AwaKvi msi Y K i M nkgx `i we kl AwaKvimg~n M nkg A bk ` ki kög AvB bi Aax b AšÍf ~³ bq, ZvB M nkgx iv A bk mgq, wewfbœ wbh vz bi wkkvi nb Z e AvBGjIÕi Kb fbkb Abyhvqx M nkgx `i wbgœwjwlz AwaKvi Av Q Kv Ri mgq: M nkgx `i b~b Zg Kv Ri mgq, Ò vû evbó mgq, I cwiwgz weköv gi mgq cviqvi AwaKvi Av Q Zv `i mßv n GKw`b QzwU/wekÖvg cviqvi AwaKvi Av Q cvwiköwgk: M nkgx `i cöwz gv m wbqwgz cvwiköwgk cviqvi AwaKvi Av Q evm vb: M nkgx `i fv jv evm vb I wb Ri cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ wb Ri Kv Q ivlvi AwaKvi Av Q Zv `i kvixwik I hšb nqivwb _ K i v cviqvi I SuywKc~Y KvR bv Kivi AwaKvi Av Q ` k div: Awfevmx M nkgx `i Kv Ri K Uªv± kl n j ` k wd i Avmvi AwaKvi Av Q 101

110 Awfevmx köwgkmy Aek B g b ivl eb h, cöpwjz vbxq AvB bi cöwz kö v i L, AvBb I wbqg f½ bv K i GB mkj AwaKvi fvm Ki Z n e GKB mv _ GUvI g b ivl Z n e, ga cöv P i A bk `kb Dc i DwjwLZ AwaKvsk AwaKvi msi Y K i bv ga cöv P i `kmy jv Kvdvjv e e vi Aax b Awfevmx köwgk wb qvm K i _v K Kvdvjv e e vq Awfevmx köwg Ki AwaKvi Kvwdj/PvKwi`vZv/gvwjK/wb qvmkz vi Dci m ú~y fv e wbf i K i GRb PvKwii Pzw³cÎ fv jvfv e eys Z n e, DwjwLZ AwaKvi jv m ú K PvKwi`vZv I köwg Ki g a PvKwii ïiæ Z Lvjv gjv Av jvpbv köwg Ki I gvwj Ki AwaKvi msi Y mnvqk n e Igv b Awfevmx köwgk `i AwaKvi mg~n Igv b Awfevmx köwgkmy Igvbx AvB bi Aax b h mg Í AwaKvi cvb Zv wbgœiƒc Kv Ri mgq mßv n m ev P 48 N Uv KvR Ki Z n e (6 w` bi ewk bq) cöwzw`b 8 N Uv KvR Ki Z n e, 1 N Uv Lvevi I bvgv Ri weiwz MÖx Kv j (Ryb, RyjvB Ges AvMó) gvwjk Awfevmx köwgk K _ K 3.30 Uv ch ší evb i KvR Kiv Z cvi e bv; GwU wbwl igrvb gv m mßv n 36 N Uv KvR Ki Z nq IfviUvBg Ki Z nq Z e Igvbx AvB bi 35/2003 aviv Abyhvqx Awfevmx köwgk K wb qvmkz vi Gi Rb Avjv`v cvwiköwgk w` Z eva Pzw³cÎ ejc~e K kög wkïkög köwg Ki wjwlz Pzw³cÎ cviqvi AwaKvi Av Q KviY G Pzw³ Zvi AwaKvi A Yœ ivl Z mvnvh K i Pzw³cÎ Aiwe fvlvq n e Z e Igvbx kög AvB bi 22 aviv Abyhvqx köwg Ki Rb evamg fvlvq GKwU Abywjwc mshy³ Ki Z n e Igv b ejc~e K kög ev eva Zvg~jK kög wbwl Igvbx AvB b ejc~e K kö gi Î m ev P GK gvm ch ší Kvivevm Ges 500 wi qj Rwigvbv Kiv hv e Igv b wkï kög AvBbMZfv e wbwl Kiv n q Q Kv Ri Rb me wbgœ eqm 15 eqi avh Kiv n q Q, Z e Kv bv SzuwKc~Y ckvi Î Zv 18 eqi PvKwi cwie Zb bvix Awfevmx gšwlk, kvixwik ev hšb nqivwbi m ylxb n j, cöpwjz AvBb Abyhvqx köwgk wzbevi wbh vzbkvix Kvwdj cwiez b Ki Z cvi eb ezb evm vb köwg Ki c~y ezb cviqvi AwaKvi Av Q gvwjk köwg Ki ezb AvU K ivl Z cv i bv; Kgv ZI cv i bv, GUv AvBbZ A ea Awfevmx köwgk `i Rb b~b Zg grywi bb Rvic~e K kög e Üi wbwg Ë 2011 mv j GKwU digvb Rvwii gva g Igvbx kög AvBb ms kvab Kiv n q Q, G Z wb qvmkz vmy köwgk `i ezb mivmwi köwg Ki e vsk GKvD U B jkwuªkfv e cö`vb Ki e köwg Ki fv jv evm v bi AwaKvi Av Q (fv jv evm vb ej Z evsvq GK iæ g 5 R bi AwaK bv _vkv, ew G g v Uªm _vkv, Gqvi KwÛkb, wd«r, cvwb I ivbœvi e e v _vkv) 102

111 Kv Ri SzuwK Kv Ri SuzwK m ú K Avcbv K Rvbv Z n e wb R K cö qvrbxq mveavbzv e e v wb Z n e Igv bi kög gš Yvjq KZ K ewy Z Òwe `wk köwgk `i Rb mvaviy wbqgvewjó wb œ ewy Z n jv Igv b Avmvi ci hw` Avcbvi wb qvmkz vi wvkvbv Lyu R bv cvb, Z e Z dvb K i mvnvh PvIqv hv e ev Igvbx kög gš Yvjq G hvmv hvm Kiv hv e hw` PvKwi ïiæ Kivi 1 gv mi g a jevi KvW ev iwm W U cviwgu bv `Iqv nq Z e mycvifvbrvi K Rvbv Z n e A_ev wbku Igvbx kög gš Yvj qi kög Awd m hvmv hvm Kiv hv e iwm W U KvW GKwU AvBbx Riæix `wjj, G K mveav b ivl Z n e köwg Ki jevi wk qv iý, jevi I iwm W U KvW Kivi UvKv AvBbZfv e wb qvmkz v w` Z eva köwgk PvKwii Pzw³c Îi Kwc PvB Z cv ib, hv Z wzwb wb Ri AwaKvi I KZ e m ú K Rvb Z cv ib wb hvmkz v ezb bv w` j ev w` Z `wi Ki j mycvifvbrvi K Rvbv Z n e, G Z KvR bv n j wbku Igvbx kög gš Yvj qi kög Awd m hvmv hvm Ki Z n e hw` Kg Î Kv bv mgm v nq Z e mycvifvbrvi K Rvbv Z n e, hw` mgm vi mgvavb bv nq Z e, wbku Igvbx kög gš Yvj qi kög Awd m hvmv hvm Ki Z n e, Z e KvR Kiv eü Kiv DwPZ n e bv hw` köwgk K Kvb KviY Qvov PvKwi _ K ei K i `Iqv nq Z e 15 w` bi g a wbku Igvbx kög gš Yvj qi kög Awd m Zv Rvbv Z n e R b ivlv fv jv, hw` KD A ea Dcv q Igv b KvR Ki Z hvb ev Igv b wm q PvKwi cwiez b K ib, Z e Zvi 1 gvm Rj Ges 400 _ K 800 Igvbx wi qj Rwigvbv n Z cv i G Î Zv K Igvb _ K ` k diz cvwv q `Iqv n e, Avi KL bv wzwb Igvb h Z cvi eb bv hw` PvKwi Qvovi GK eq ii g a e Kqv UvKv D vi bv Kiv nq Z e m UvKv Avi D vi Kiv m e bq köwgk Av `vjb K kög gš Yvjq Øviv wbqš Y Kiv nq mikvwi Kvb cöwzôv b köwgk Av `vjb Kiv hvq bv Igv bi ivóªag Bmjv gi cöwz kö vkxj _vk Z n e Ggb Kv bv KvR Kiv hv e bv hv Igv bi wbivcëvi cöwz ûgwk n Z cv i kög AvBb m ú K Rvb Z Ges köwgk `i AwaKvi m ú K we ÍvwiZ Rvb Z Igvbx kög gš vyvj qi I qemvbu: G h Z cv ib Igvb Awfevmx köwgk K wkqz we kl AwaKvi cö`vb K i bv hgb: UªW BDwbqb Igv bi AvBb Abyhvqx mk evwnbxi m`m, Rb wbivcëv cöwzôv b Kg iz e w³, mikvwi PvKwiRxex Ges M nkg x `i mwgwz I UªW BDwbqb Kivi my hvm bvb Awfevmx köwgk `i wb R `i mkj ai bi Sv gjv _ K gy³ ivlvi Rb UªW BDwbqb bv KiviB evãyxq PvKwi cwiez b köwgk `i g b ivlv evãyxq h AvBbMZfv e sponsor Gi c~e vbygwz e wz i K wb qvmkz v cwiez b Kivi AwaKvi bvb ZvB hw` PvKwi cwiez bi cö qvrb nq Z e sponsor Gi AbygwZ wb qb cwiez b Kiv evãyxq 103

112 wgwqj I ag NU Igvbx mikvi Awfevmx köwgk `i wgwqj I ag NU Kivi AbygwZ `q bv M nk gx Igv bi 2003 mv ji AvB bi aviv 2 gvzv ek M n köwgk K kög AvB bi AvIZv _ K ev` w` q `Iqv n q Q ez gv b G ` k M n köwg Ki wbw` ó Kv bv AvB b AšÍf~ ³ Kiv nqwb GRb M n köwgkmy A bk AwaKvi _ K ewâz nq ^vaxbfv e PjvPj M nkg x K evwoi mxgvbvi evb i hviqvi AbygwZ `Iqv nq bv QzwU, IfviUvBg I MÖvPzBwU b vq wepvi cviqvi AwaKvi Igv b hw`i Kvb Kvb ckvq köwgk `i Rb mvßvwnk/evrmwik QzwU, IfviUvBg I MÖvPzBwUi weavb i q Q wkš hviv wbivcëv Kg x, M nkg x, gvwj, WªvBfvi/PvjK wnmv e evmvevwo Z KvR K ib Zv `i Rb G weavb cö hvr bq gvbyl gvîb b vq wepvi cviqvi AwaKvi i q Q mvaviyz Avie iv óª Awfevmx köwg Ki Z_ I mev cviqvi Î bvbv ikg evavi m ylxb n Z nq A bk mgq `xn Kg N Uv, AwZwi³ Kv Ri Pvc wksev ezb bv `Iqvi Rb köwgk Zvi evwo _ K cvwj q hvq Zv `i K cvwj q hviqv köwgk e j Gme cvwj q hviqv köwgk `i Rb wb qvmkz v Pzwii Awf hvm Zv j, hv wb úwë Kómva A bk Î we `wk `~Zvevm Zv `i AvkÖ qi e e v K i, Z e evsjv `kx `~Zvev mi vqx Kv bv RvqMv bb Z e evsjv `kx `~Zvevm Gme Î cö qvrbxq mnvqzv w` q _v K evsjv ` k AwfevmbKvix köwg Ki AwaKvi Kg ms vb Pyw³: wiμywus G R U wbe vwpz Kg x Ges Zvi wb qvmkvixi g a GKwU Kg ms vb Pyw³ m úv`b Ki e, hv Z Awfevmx Kg xi ezb, Avevmb myweav, Kv Ri gqv`, g Zÿ ev RLg RwbZ Kvi Y cövc wzc~iy, we ` k Mgb Ges we `k _ K diz Avmvi LiP BZ vw`i D jøl _vk e ewnm gb QvocÎ: Awfevm bi hvezxq AvbyôvwbKZv m úbœkiy mv c eÿ iv, aviv 19 Gi Aaxb wbewüz cö Z K e w³i cvm cv U wbewüz b ^i m ^wjz mxj Ges D³ Kg xi Av½y ji Qvc, ev qv gwu«k Z_ mn Awfevmb mswkøó cö qvrbxq Z_ m ^wjz B j±«wbk Kv W ewnm gb QvocÎ cö`vb Ki e Z _ i AwaKvi: Kvb Awfevmx Kg xi we ` k hvevi c~ e Awfevmb cöwμqv Ges Kg ms vb Pyw³ ev we ` k K Ri cwi ek m ú K AewnZ nevi Ges wewfbœ AvBbMZ AwaKvi m ú K Rvbvi AwaKvi _vk e AvBbMZ mnvqzv: Awfevmx Kg x Ges Awfevm bi bv g cözviyvi wkkvi e w³ `i hyw³m½z AvBbMZ mnvqzv cvevi AwaKvi _vk e ` k wd i Avmvi Kvb Awfevmx Kg xi, we klz we ` k AvUKK Z wksev AvU Kcov ev wec`mö Kg xi ` k wd i AwaKvi: Avmvi Ges we ` k Aew Z evsjv `k wgkb ev `~Zvev mi wbku n Z cö qvrbxq mnvqzv cvevi AwaKvi _vk e 104

113 welq c wz DcKiY mgq AwaKvi j Nb I cözviyvi aib AwfÁZv wewbgq gvwëwgwwqv 10 wgwbu cvvpμ, cö`k b, Av jvpbv j vcuc Awfevm b AwaKvi jw NZ I cözvwiz n j Awf hvm I cöwzkvi Aa vq: 17 AwaKvi j Nb, cözviyv I cöwzkvi GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY Awfevm b cözviyvi aib ej Z cvi eb; cözviyv _ K i v cviqvi Dcvq e vl v Ki Z cvi eb; ` k Ges we ` k cözvwiz n j Awf hvm MÖnYKvix cöwzôv b Awf hvm Kivi wbqgvejx ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc 15 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` kbv AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb cözviyv ej Z Zviv K Kx ev Sb mk ji DËi wgwj q cözviyv m ú K mwvk aviyv w`b AskMÖnYKvix `i g a Awfevm bi Rb we ` k wm q ev hviqvi c~ e B cözvwiz n q _vk j m NUbv ej Z ejyb Z_ cî Abymv i Igv b gšwjk Pvwn`v c~iy n jv 36 Rb Awfevmxi KBm vwwwu AskMÖnYKvix `i co Z w`b Ges Zvrch e vl v Kiæb AZtci gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cözviyvi aib cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb cözvwiz n j mwvk v b Awf hvm K i Kvw LZ cöwzkvi c q Qb Ggb AwfÁZv Kv iv Av Q wkbv _vk j mb AwfÁZv ey bv Ki Z ejyb AZtci Awf hvm MÖnYKvix cöwzôv bi bvg I Awf hvm `v qi Kivi wbqgvejx gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb Awa ekb k l mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: evsjv `kx kög Awfevmx `i GK wekvj Ask cöwzwbqzb Awfevm bi wewfbœ ch v q bvbv ikg AwaKvi j N bi wkkvi nb I cözviyvi duv ` c ob G `i KD KD we ` k wm q PvKwi bv c q diz Av mb; KD KD we ` k h ZB cv ib bv `vjv ji nv Z wekvj As Ki UvKv we ` k hvevi Rb Zz j w` q wzmö nb; Avevi Kv iv Kv iv Î MšÍe ` k AwaKvi jw NZ nq wewfbœfv e G Ae vq wkfv e, Kv_vq wm q cöwzkvi PvB Z n e, Awfevmxiv m m ú K mwvkfv e bv Rvbvi Kvi Y Awfevmb A bkvs kb A b Ki Rxe b wedjzv e q Av b 17.1 Awfevm b AwaKvi j Nb I cözviyvi aib ` k I we ` k (MšÍe ` k) wksev Dfq ` k Awfevmx köwgk cözvwiz n Z cv i I Zvi AwaKvi jw NZ n Z cv i wb P welq jvi Dci Av jvkcvz Kiv n jv: 105

114 ` ki Af ší i cözviyvi I AwaKvi j N bi aib mg qi mv _ mv _ kög Awfevmb hgb AvKl Yxq n q D V Q, Zgwb Awfevmb K wn i M o D V Q GK ai bi Amvay e emv we ` k PvKwi `qvi bvg K i gvuv As Ki UvKv nvwz q wb q cvwj q hvevi NUbv GLb Avi ARvbv bq Awfevm bi wewfbœ Í i h mkj cözviyv nq Zv ZvwjKvf~³ Kiv nj: we ` k cvvv bvi bv g UvKv Rgv bqv Ges we ` k bv cvvv bv A ea wfmvq we ` k cvvv bvi Póv (Gme Î Awfevmxi wfmv m ú K Kvb aviyv bv _vkvi Kvi Y wbr ` ki ev Awfevm bi ` ki Gqvi cvu _ K diz Avm Z nq ) we ` k hvevi ci Avwe vi Kiv h, h Kv Ri Rb cvvv bv n q Q mikg Kvb Kv úvbx ev KvR bb wiμywus G RwÝi Kvb mȳ úó Kg ms vb Pzw³cÎ cö`vb bv Kiv MšÍe ` k Af ší i cözviyvi I AwaKvi j N bi aib MšÍe ` ki wewfbœ Í i h mkj cözviyv nq Zv ZvwjKvf~³ Kiv n jv: h ez b PvKwi `qvi K_v Zvi PvB Z Kg ev bvggvî ezb ev webv ez b KvR Kiv bv, hlv b Awfevmx GKRb μxz`v mi gz cwiw wz Z KvR K i GK ai bi Kv Ri K_v e j Ab ai bi Kv R wb qvwrz Kiv Pzw³ Z DwjøwLZ ezb bv cviqv gqv`c~wz i Av MB PvKwiPÿ Z niqv PvKyixPÿ Z Kiv wksev Zvi cwievi K ` k diz cvv bvi ûgwk `qv ezb Qvov AwZwi³ KvR Pzw³ gvzv ek Lvevi, evm vb, wpwkrmv, QywU ev Ab vb my hvm myweav bv cviqv hgb: wbgœgv bi emevm Ges _vkvi e e v wb qvmkz v I Kg ji Ab m`m KZ K AgvbweK ev ˆelg g~jk AvPi Yi wkkvi niqv wb qvmkz v I Kg ji Ab m`m KZ K kvixwik/gvbwmk/ hšb wbh vz bi wkkvi niqv Kg j AvU K ivlv Awfevmx köwgkiv A bk mgq MšÍe ` ki AvBb cö qvmkvix ms v jvi Øviv nqivwb I MÖdZv ii wkkvi nb gv S gv S Zviv wg_ v ^xkv ivw³ Z ^v i Ki Z eva nb 17.2 m ve cöwzkvi/kiyxq Awfevmx köwgk hw` DwjøwLZ cözviyvi wkkvi nb ev AwaKvi jw NZ nq, Zvn j Ae v ey S wewfbœ ai bi cöwzkv ii e e v Ki Z cv ib hgb: GKRb Awfevmx Kg x h Kv bv ch v qb cözvwiz n Z cv ib Kv Ri Rb we `k hvevi Î UvKv cö`vb K i Avw_ K wzi wkkvi n j; nqivwbi wkkvi n j; UvKv w` q we `k h Z bv cvi j; Pzw³ Abyhvqx ezb, fvzv, _vkv, LvIqv I Ab vb myweav bv c j; kvixwik ev hšb wbh vz bi wkkvi n j; GKRb e w³ mswkøó KvMRcÎmn Awf hvm Ki Z cv ib Awfevmx Kg x `vjvj, AvZ xq ^Rb Ges wiμzwus G RwÝ hvi gva gb cözvwiz nb bv Kb, weggbwu Z Awf hvm `vwlj Ki Z cvi eb IqvK cviwgu ev AvKvgv/cwiPqcÎ MÖn Yi mgq Kvb mv`v KvM R ^v i bv Kiv hw` MÖdZvi Kiv nq Ges Kvb `wj j mb Ki Z ejv nq, Zvn j ^v i bv Kiv köwg Ki `vfvlx mev PvBevi AwaKvi Av Q ZvB `vfvlxi gva g AvbxZ Awf hvm jv R b Z eb ^v i Kiv 106

115 Kvh Î Kx Kx AwaKvi I my hvm myweav cövcö Zv R b wb Z n e (m e n j hvevi Av MB) KZ c I Kg ji Ab vb mevi mv _ mym úk ervq ivlv Riæix wb Ri Kv Q cvm cvu I cö qvrbxq mkj KvM Ri GK Kwc d UvKwc ivl Z n e wb qvmkvix ev M nkz v ev Kg ji Ab m`m KZ K kvixwik, gvbwmk ev hšb nqivwbi wkkvi n j, KŠk j A_ev ` p g bve ji mv _ Zv gvkv ejv Ki Z n e Riæix Ae vq H ` k hvmv hv Mi dvb b ^i ( hgb: cywjk, dvqvi mvwf m, gvbevwakvi ms v) R b wb Z n e I Kv Q ivl Z n e wec ` co j H ` k hvmv hv Mi dvb b ^i ( hgb: `~Zvevm ev Kbmy ju Awdm, eüz ev wbku AvZ xq) msi Y Ki Z n e hvmv hv Mi Rb cwiwpz e w³ `i Uwj dvb b ^i Ges wvkvbv msmö n ivl Z n e hb cö qvr b Avkªq, mvnvh bqv hvq Riæix cö qvr b hvzvqvz Ges Uwj dv bi Rb nv Z bm` UvKv ivl Z n e PvKwii Pzw³ Abyhvqx ezb fvzv I Ab vb my hvm myweav bv c j H ` k Aew Z evsjv `kx `~Zvevm A_ev Kbmy ju Awd mi kög DBs ev jevi G vuv Pi mnvqzv wb Z n e mg SvZvi Rb cö qvrb n j `~Zvevm ev Kbmy ju Awd mi gva g H ` ki Av`vj Zi mnvqzv bqv hv e m e n j Ab vb cöevmx Kgx i mv _ hvmv hvm e w Ki Z n e Zv `i dvb b ^i I wvkvbv R b wb Z n e evb i ei nevi wewfbœ c_ wpwýz Ki Z n e AÜKvi I AcwiwPZ RvqMv Gwo q Pj Z n e wb Ri mgm v Ab `i mv _ Av jvpbv Kiv DwPZ wjd Ui wfz i h mg Í e w³ K wbivc` g b bv nq Zv `i mv _ wjdu e envi bv KivB DËg ev mi Rb evm vû wpwýz GjvKvq A c v Kiv DwPZ wbkuezx evrvi, gyw` `vkvb, Uwj dvb ey_, e vsk BZ vw`i Ae vb R b wb Z n e bvix Awfevmx evwoi fz i gšwlk, kvixwik ev hšb nqivwbi m ylxb n Z cv ib Gai bi NUbv AvuP Ki j ev N U _vk j cvwj q hviqv DwPZ bq A_ev wb R wb R Ab PvKwi MÖnY Kiv DwPZ bq AwaKvsk ` ki AvBb Abyhvqx Awfevmx köwgk wzb evi ch ší wbh vzbkvix Kvwdj cwiez b Ki Z cvi eb G Î `~Zvevm K AwfwnZ Ki j `~Zvevm köwgk K mnvqzv cö`vb K i _v K GB ai bi Ae vq ZvB cywj ki Kv Q wksev `~Zvevm Luy R ei Kiv DwPZ Wv³vwi cögvy wbwðz Ki Z köwgk K nvmcvzv j h Z n e AvBbx cöwzkvi wbwðz n q Zv K NUbvi wzb gv mi g a Awf hvm Ki Z n e hw` Awfevmx köwgk cvwj q hvb, Zvn j Ab Kv_vI Kv Ri my hvm Zv cv eb bv, D ëv köwg Ki weiæ AvBbx e e v bqv n e Ges Rj n Z cv i 107

116 KBm vww ÒIgv b gšwjk Pvwn`v c~iy n jv 36 Rb evsjv `kx AwfevmxiÓ Igv b GKwU wbg vy cöwzôv b KvR Ki Z hvb 36 Rb evsjv `kx Kg x Zviv h wbg vy cöwzôv b Kg x wn m e hvb m cöwzôvbwu 8 gvm ci köwgk `i grywi `qv wb q mgm v ˆZix K ib cö_ g `wi Z ezb w` Z ïiæ K i, c i ezb `qv G Kev ib eü K i `q GgbwK köwgk `i Lvevi mieivn KivI eü K i `q GgZve vq köwgk `i H cöwzôv b KvR Pvwj q hviqv Kómva n q c o wbiæcvq n q Zviv kög Awa`ß ii kiyvcbœ nb Ges Kg KZ v `i civg k Av`vj Zi Øvi nb Ae k l Zviv wb R `i AbyK~ j ivq cvb Ges iv q cö Z K 400 IGgAvi _ K 1800 IGgAvi ch ší wewfbœ As Ki wzc~i Yi cöwzköæwz cvb GQvovI Igv b KZ c i mnvqzvq `xn w`b ci ` k divi QvocÎ cvb Zviv ` k divi Rb cö qvrbxq ˆea KvMRc Îi Î mvwe K mnvqzv w` q Q evsjv `k `~Zvevm 17.3 ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb I Awfevmx AvBb 2013 Ges Awfevm b cözviyvi kvw Í 2013 mvj ch ší evsjv ` k Awfevmb ewnm gb Aa v `k 1982 Øviv cwipvwjz n q Q 2013 mv ji A ±vei gv m evsjv `k mikvi ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb I Awfevmx AvBb cöyqb K ib 1990 Gi BDGb Awfevmb Kb fbkb K Avg j wb q ˆe `wkk Kg ms v bi my hvm m wó, wbivc` I b vqm½z Awfevmb e e v cöez b Ges mkj Awfevmx Kgx I Zv `i cwiev ii m`m `i AwaKvi I Kj vy wbwðz Kievi D Ï k G AvBbwU ˆZix n q Q G AvB bi mßg Aa v qi 27 bs avivq Awfevmx Kgx i AvBbMZ mnvqzv cvevi AwaKvi msi Y Kiv n q Q Gi mepvb Z eo w`k nj cy iv bv Aa v `k G gvî PviwU wefvmxq we kl Av`vj Z gvgjv Kivi h wbqg wqj Zv GwU cwiez b K i hw` mikvi wbw` ó mg qi gv S Awfevmxi c gvgjv Ki Z e _ nq Z e Awfevmx köwgk K h Kvb Kv U, wmwfj ev wμwgbvj Kv U gvgjv `v qi Kivi AwaKvi GB AvBb cö`vb K i (aviv 38) G AvB bi Aax b Kvb Aciv ai Rb dšr`vix gvgjv `v q ii AwaKvi K zyœœ bv K i Kvb Awfevmx GB AvB bi Kvb weavb ev Kg ms vb Pzw³ j N bi Kvi Y wzmö n j `Iqvbx gvgjv `v qi Ki Z cvi e (aviv 28) GB AvB bi aviv 29 (1) G ejv n q Q h, hw` Kvb Awfevmx Kgx we ` k AvUKv c ob ev wec`mö nb Z e ` k wd i Avmevi Î we ` k Aew Z evsjv `k wgkb ev `~Zvev mi KvQ _ K cö qvrbxq mnvqzv cvevi AwaKvi Av Q AvB bi Aóg Aa v q Aciva, `Û I wepv ii K_v ejv Av Q G AvBb (aviv 31) Abyhvqx Kvb e w³ ev wiμzwus G R U Kvb e w³ K(.?..) GB AvBb Agvb K i KvD K we ` k wb j ev bevi Póv Ki j, ˆe `wkk Kg ms v bi wg_ v Avk vm w` q Kvb A_ ev g~j evb `ªe MÖnY Ki j ev Póv Ki j, Kvb Awfevmx Kgx i cvm cvu, wfmv ev Awfevmb msμvší KvMRcÎ ˆeaKiY Qvov AvU K ivl j, cözviyvg~jkfv e ewk ezb fvzv I my hvm myweavi wg_ v Avk vm cö`vb K i Kvb e w³ K Awfevmb Kiv j ev Awfevm bi Rb Pzw³e n Z cöjyä Ki j ev Ab Kvbfv e cözviyv Ki j Zv Aciva e j Mb n e Gi Rb Acivax AbwaK 5 eqi Kviv`Û Ges Ab~ b 1 j UvKv Rwigvbvq `wðz n eb 108

117 ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb m úwk Z Pvwn`vcÎ, wfmv ev Kv Ri AbygwZcÎ msmö n A ea cš v MÖnY ev μ weμ qi Rb `vlx e w³ ev Kv úvbx KZ c i AbwaK 7 (mvz) eqi mkög Kviv`Ð Ges Ab~ b 3 j UvKv Rwigvbvi weavb Av Q (aviv 33) ewnmg bi wbw` ó vb Qvov Ab Kvbfv e Awfevmx köwgk K we ` k cvvv bvi e e v Ki j ev mnvqzv Ki j Zv Aciva e j MY n e Ges GRb Acivaxi 10 eq ii mkög Kviv`Ð Ges Ab~ b 5 j UvKv Rwigvbv n e (aviv 34) Kvb e w³ hw` GB AvB b mywbw` ófv e D jøl bb Ggb Kvb weavb Agvb K i Z e Zvi AbwaK 6 gvm Kviv`Ð A_ev 50 nvrvi UvKv A_ `Ð A_ev Dfq `Ð n e (aviv 35) Kvb e w³ ev wiμzwus G R U GB AvB bi Aax b Kvb Aciva msnu b cöz ev c iv fv e mnvqzv ev cö ivpyv Ki j cö ivpyvkvixi Acivaxi mgvb ` Ð `wðz n e (aviv 36) 17.4 cözvi Ki weiæ Awf hvm Kviv Awf hvm Ki eb Awfevm b B QzK Kg x, whwb wiμzwus G RwÝ ev e w³ Øviv cözvwiz n q Qb; Awfevmx Kg x whwb wegvbe `i _ K diz G m Qb ev wegvbe ` i AvUKv c o Qb; Ges wkqzw`b PvKwi Kivi ci P j G m Qb ev `xn w`b PvKwi Ki Qb wkš Pzw³ Abyhvqx cövc cvbwb ev cv Qb bv Kv_vq Awf hvm Ki eb GKRb cözvwiz e w³ wb Pi cöwzôvb jv Z Awf hvm Ki Z cv ib: Rbkw³ Kg ms vb I cöwk Y eÿ iv (weggbwu) Rjv cökvm Ki `ß i cöevmx Kj vy W Rjv Rbkw³ I Kg ms vb Awdm (wwbggi) evqiv Aviwe Uªkb mj `~Zvevm/ jevi DBs wmwfj KvU /Av`vjZ gvbevwakvi ms v ivgiæ Ab vb GbwRI ( hgb eª vk) mivmwi wjwlz Awf hvm we ` k Ae vbkvix cözvwiz Awfevmx Kg x cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎmn `~Zvevm A_ev jevi DBs G wjwlz AvKv i Awf hvm cvvv Z cv ib wjwlz AvKv i Awf hvm cviqvi ci `~Zvevm ev jevi G vuv P H Awf hvm I cö qvrbxq Z_ vw` cöevmxkj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb gš Yvj q Ges weggbwu Z cvvvq ciez x cöwμqvi Rb GQvov Awfevmx Kg x mivmwi ` ki gvbevwakvi ms vi gva g weggbwu Z wjwlz AvKv i ev WvK hv M Awf hvm cvvv Z cv ib GKRb Awfevmx Kg x we ` k _vkvkvjxb Zvi cwiev ii m`m `i gva gi weggbwu Z Awf hvm `vwlj Ki Z cv ib ` k Ae vb K i GKRb Awfevmb B QzK Kg x ev wd i Avmv cözvwiz e w³ wb R ev Zvi cwievi weggbwu, Rjv cökvm Ki `ß i cöevmxkj vy W, wwbggi, evqiv Aviwe Uªkb mj, ivgiæ A_ev wewfbœ gvbevwakvi ms vq Awf hvm Ki Z cv ib 109

118 weggbwu ev`x weev`x Dfq c I ïbvwbi gva g, KvMRcÎ ch e Y, cö qvr b mirwg b Z`šÍ cwipvjbv K i mswkøó G RwÝi wbku _ K A_ Av`v qi e e v K i _v K we ` k Ae vbiz Awfevmx Kg xi (Awf hvmkvixi) c Zvi GKRb cöwzwbwa K wba vwiz ïbvwbi w`b weggbwuõ Z Dcw Z _vk Z nq G RwÝ A_ diz cö`v b e _ n j 30 w` bi g a mkj KvMRcÎmn cöevmx Kj vy I ˆe `wkk Kg ms vb gš Yvj q ciezx c` ci Rb cöiy Kiv nq AbjvBb Awf hvm mivmwi Awf hvm Kiv QvovI GKRb cözvwiz e w³ AbjvB bi gva g weggbwu Z Awf hvm Ki Z cv ib B Uvi bu ms hvm i q Q Ggb h Kv bv RvqMv _ K h Kv bv e w³ weggbwu Z Awf hvm Rvbv Z cv ib B Uvi b Ui e envi bv Rvb j GjvKvi Kw úduvi Acv iui, mvbevi K v d, BDwbqb Z_ mev K `ª, MÖvgxY Z_ K `ª A_ev B Uvi b Ui ms hvm Av Q Ggb AvZ xq ev eüzi gva g Awf hvm Rvbv Z cvi eb Awf hvm Rvbv bvi I qemvbuwu n jv: wpî 60: weggbwu Z Awf hvm `vwlj d g i bgybv AbjvBb Awf hvm Rvbv bvi wbqg cö_ g GB I qemvb U XzK Z n e; Awf hvmkvixi bvg, wvkvbv, dvb, cvm cvu b ^i BZ vw` c~iy Ki Z n e; h e w³ ev hv `i gva g cözvwiz n q Qb Zv `i bvg I wvkvbv, G RwÝ n j Zvi jvb mý (AviGj) b ^i I wvkvbv c~iy Ki Z n e; Awf hv Mi weeiy w` Z n e; Dchy³ cögvy, IqvK cviwgu, wfmv, GbIwm, Pzw³cÎ, UvKvi iwk` BZ vw` vb K i mshy³ Ki Z n e; me k l mvewgu (Submit) evu b wk K K i ÔwcbÕ b ^i wb Z n e; GB wcb b ^i e envi K i ciez x Z Awf hv Mi me kl Ae v Rvbv hvq 110

119 Av`vj Zi gva g wepvi Awfevmx `i PvKwi msμvší Kv bv RwUjZv hgb: PvKwii kz j Nb Kiv, wbh vzb Kiv, k Z i P q Kg ezb `Iqv, Lv` evm v bi Ae e v BZ vw` `Lv w` j 2013 mv ji cöyxz Awfevmb AvB bi AvIZvq Awfevmx Av`vj Z dšr`vix ev `Iqvbx h Kvb gvgjv Ki Z cv ib AvB bi aviv 38 G wepvi cöwμqv m ú K ejv n q Q G aviv Abyhvqx Code of Criminal Procedure 1898 (Act No. V of 1898) G hvb _vk bv Kb, GB AvB bi Aax b Acivamg~n cö_g köyxi RywWwkqvj g vwr ªU ev g UªvcwjUb g vwr ªU KZ K wepvi n e gvgjvi Awf hvm MV bi ZvwiL _ K 4 (Pvi) gv mi g a GB AvB bi Aax b wepvikvr kl Ki Z n e Z e kz Av Q h, 4 gv mi g a gvgjv wb úwë Kiv m e bv n j Zvi KviY wj L mswkøó g vwr ªU Zv AbwaK `yb gvm ch ší evov Z cvi eb m Î Pxd RywWwkqvj g vwr ªU Av`vjZ K gvgjvi AMÖMwZ cöwz e`b cöiy Ki eb aviv 31 Gi Aax b Aciva jv Z Rvwgb ev Av cvm wggvsmvi my hvm bb (aviv 39) Awfevm bi ` ki kög Av`vj Z wepvi Kv bv wel q PvKwi`vZv Awfevmx `i VKv j ev cözviyv Ki j Awfevmx köwgk H me ` ki kög Av`vj Z wepvi PvB Z cv ib G wel q evsjv `kx `~Zvev mi mvnvh bqv h Z cv i `~Zvevm _ K wb qvmkz vi mv _ hvmv hvm K i mvwjk ev Av jvpbvi gva gi mgm v mgvav bi Póv Kiv hvq ZvB Awfevmx `i Rb evsjv `kx `~Zvev mi wvkvbv memgq mv _ ivlv Ges wbqwgz Zv `i mv _ hvmv hvm i v Kiv iæz c~y gvbevwakvi ms vq Awf hvm Dc i DwjøwLZ mikvwi gva g jvõi cvkvcvwk mswkøó GjvKvq Kg iz h Kv bv GbwRI ev gvbevwakvi ms vq cözvwiz Awfevmx cögvymn Awf hvm Ki Z cvi eb gvj qwkqv, RW vb, evnivbb, wm½vcy i mkj ` k A bk gvbevwakvi ms v i q Q `w Y Kvwiqvi wewfbœ A j 22wU gvbevwakvi msmvb Av Q hviv we `kx köwgk `i h_vh_ mvnvh I mn hvwmzv K i _v K AvBbMZ mnvqzvi Rb cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ PvKwii Pyw³; IqvK cviwgu; cvm cvu; wfmv; weggbwu I WvUv e R bvg AšÍf yw³ki Yi ci cövß AvBwW KvW ; ^v cix vi mb`cî Ges vu KvW 111

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121 Aa vq: 18 we `k _ K A_ cöiy ( iwg UÝ) I A_ e e vcbv GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY AwR Z A_ wbivc ` ` k cöi Yi Dcvq I A eafv e UvKv cvvv bvi bwzevpk cöfve ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; we ` k Ae vbkvjxb mg q e vsk GKvD U Kivi wbqg ej Z cvi eb; A_ e e vcbvi wewfbœ Dcvq e vl v Ki Z cvi eb; mgq: 30 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq A_ cöi Yi Dcvq (ˆea I A ea) cö kœvëi, Av jvpbv, cö`k b evw, gvkv i 10 wgwbu gvwëwgwwqv, j vcuc A eafv e UvKv cvvv bvi KBm vww, cö kœvëi Km, gvwëwgwwqv 10 wgwbu bwzevpk cöfve Dc vcb j vcuc ˆeafv e UvKv cvvv bvi Dcvq I AwfÁZv wewbgq, cö`k b gvwëwgwwqv 10 wgwbu Gi myweavmg~n Av jvpbv j vcuc we `k _ K e vsk GKvD U Kiv I cö kœvëi, cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv 10 wgwbu e vs Ki gva g UvKv cvvv bvi wbqg j vcuc e vsk e wzz Abvb ˆea gva g cö kœvëi, cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv 10 wgwbu UvKv cvvv bvi wbqg j vcuc AwR Z A _ i h_vh_ e e vcbv cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc 10 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` kbv AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb we `k _ K wkfv e A_ cöiy Kiv hvq G K G K DËi jv ïbyb Ges we `k _ K A_ cöiy m ú K mvaviyfv e aviyv w`b A eafv e UvKv cvvv bv I Gi bwzevpk cöfve m ú K GKwU KBm vww c o kvbvb ûwû e emvqx Pbvi Dcvq Ges A ea v e UvKv cvvv bvi kvw Í gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i g a hw` we `k diz KD _v Kb Z e Zv K ˆeafv e UvKv cvvv bvi Dcvq I Gi myweavmg~n ey bv Ki Z ejyb AZtci e vsk I Ab gva g ˆeafv e UvKv cvvv bvi wbqg Ges e vsk GKvD U Kivi Dcvq m ú K gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i PviwU ` j fvm Kiæb we `k _ K wd i AwR Z UvKv wewb qvm K i mdj n q Qb Ggb PviwU KBm vww cöwzwu `j K c o e vl v Ki Z ejyb AZtci AwR Z A _ i h_vh_ e e vcbv I wewb qvm gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb Awa ekb k l mevb K ab ev` Rvbvb 113

122 Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: Awfevmx köwg Ki Awfevm bi Ab Zg j n jv A_ DcvR b I wb Ri/cwiev ii Av_ mvgvwrk Ae vi DbœwZ mvab GRb köwgk K Zvi AwR Z A_ wbivc ` ` k cöiy Ges h_vh_fv e Avw_ K e e vcbv wbwðz Ki Z n e mvaviyfv e ejv hvq, GKRb Awfevmx Zvi K Vvi cwikög Øviv DcvwR Z h A_ ` k Zvi cwiev ii Kv Q cvvvb ZvB iwg UÝ G Aa v q GB welq jv wb q Av jvpbv Kiv n e 18.1 A_ cöi Yi Dcvq Awfevmx we ` k hv Qb AwaK Avq Kivi Rb mb Avq w` q we ` k wb R K Pvjv eb, ` k cwiev ii fib cvly Ki eb, mšívb I fvb evb `i DbœZ wk v wbwðz Ki eb, cwiev ii Rb vqx wkqy m ú` ˆZwi Ki eb hv fwel Z Zv K wbivcëv ` e Gme welq we `k hvevi Av MB fve Z n e cö_ g R b wb Z n e wkfv e ` k UvKv cvvv bv hvq we `k _ K ˆea I A ea `ybfv e UvKv cvvv bv hvq Z e A eafv e UvKv cvvv bv eavbbx I Awbivc` ZvB cö Z K köwgk K ˆeafv e UvKv cvvv bv DwPZ, KviY GUv wbivc` we `k _ K ˆeafv e A bk Dcv q ` k UvKv cvvv bv hvq GB Dcvq jv m ú K AewnZ Kivi c~ e A eafv e UvKv cvvv bvi bwzevpk w`k jv köwgkmy K Rvbv bv `ikvi 18.2 A eafv e UvKv cvvv bv I Gi bwzevpk cöfve mikvi Aby gvw`z bq Ggb Kvb e w³/cöwzôv bi gva g GK `k _ K Ab ` k UvKv cvvv bv A ea, hv ûwû bv g cwiwpz hw` cöevmx Kgx g b K ib KD A eac _ UvKv cvvv bvi e emvq RwoZ Z e Zvi Z_ h_vkxnöb cywjk ev AvBb cö qvmkvix ms v K Rvbv bv cö qvrb ûwûi gva g A_ cöiy GKwU SzuwKc~Y A ea gva g G e emvq RwoZ `i h nzz jvb mý bb, ZvB Zviv Kvb UvKvi iwk` `q bv Ges mwvk mg q mwvk e w³i Kv Q cušqv bvi Kvb wbðqzv bb GgbwK UvKv bvi cušqv Z cv i ûwûi UvKv Lvqv M j Zv diz cviqv Am e I AvBbMZ mn hvwmzv cviqv m e bq hviv ûwûi e emv K ib Ges whwb GB UvKv MÖnY K ib, Giv cö Z KB A ea A_ cvpvi Ges Ki-duvwKi `v q Awfhy³ n Z cv ib Ges Zv `i mevb gvwb jûvwis AvB bi AvIZvq co eb ûwûi gva g UvKv cvvv bvi gv b n Q `k K ˆe `wkk gỳ ªv Avq _ K ewâz Kiv GB UvKv ivóªxq wnmv ei g a Av m bv aiv co j cöwiz UvKv ev Rqvß n e Ges Rj Rwigvbv n e GKRb Kgx wbðq PvB eb bv GZ K ói Avq gv`k e emv, A e emvmn Ab vb Lvivc Kv R e envi Kiv nvk A eac _ cvvv bv n j GB me A ea Kv R UvKv e envi Kiv nq Ges GB UvKv jb ` bi mgq Kgx i cwievi, mšívb, QvU fvb evb, evev gv, eüz wec ` co Z cv i ûwû Z cvvv bv UvKvq AvqKi gyw³ ev e vsk FY myweav cviqv hvq bv ûwû e emvqx Pbvi mnr Dcvq QvU cwim i Aí cwigvy UvKv cvvv bv hvq Kvb iwk` QvovB Zviv UvKv cvvv Z cvi e e j `vwe K i UvKv Avbv bqv Ki Z Lye Kg ÎB Zviv wjwlz Kvb cögvy iv L 114

123 A ea c _ UvKv ev A_ cöiykvixi kvw Í whwb A eac _ UvKv cvvv Qb Ges whwb MÖnY/e envi Ki Qb DfqB Aciva Ki Qb; A eac _ UvKv cvvv bvi e vcv i RwoZ e w³i 6 (Qq) gvm _ K 7 (mvz) eq ii Kviv`Ð n Z cv i Ges h cwigvy UvKv A ea c _ cvvv bv nw Qj Zv ev Rqvß n Z cv i; Av qi Drm bv Rvbv bv M j 1 (GK) eq ii Kviv`Ð ( Rj) n Z cv i ev 5 (cuvp) nvrvi UvKv Rwigvbv ev `y UvB n Z cv i; wg_ v Z_ Rvbv j 1 (GK) eq ii Kviv`Ð ev 50 (câvk) nvrvi UvKv ch ší Rwigvbv ev `y UvB n Z cv i; 18.3 ˆeafv e UvKv cvvv bvi Dcvq I Gi myweavmg~n ˆea Dcvq ej Z evsjv `k mikv ii AbygwZcÖvß Dcvq jv K evsvq ˆea Dcv qi fzi mepvb Z eo gva g n jv e vsk evsjv ` k mikvwi I emikvwi, `wk I we `wk eû e vsk i q Q hgb: mvbvjx, AMÖYx, cöevmx Kj vy e vsk, RbZv, iƒcvjx, Bmjvgx, eª vk, cövbg BZ vw` `wk e vsk we `wk e vs Ki g a vûvw PvU vw, WvP&evsjv, wmwu e vsk, GbG BZ vw` D jøl hvm iwg UÝ cöi Y ez gv b G PÄ nvdm I gvevbj hy³ n q Q e vs Ki gva g UvKv cvvv bv: e vs Ki gva g UvKv cvvv Z n j me P q Av M `ikvi GKvD U Lvjv ` k I we ` k Dfq RvqMv _ K e vsk GKvD U Lvjv hvq Z e we ` ki P q `k _ K GKvD U Lvjvq RwUjZv Kg ZvB köwgkm Yi DwPZ we ` k Mg bi c~ e GKvD U Ly j hviqv we ` k hviqvi c~ e ` k e vsk GKvD U Lvjv: we `k hviqvi e vcviuv gvuvgywu wvk n q M j evwoi Kv Q myweavrbk Kv bv fv jv evwywr K e vs K `ywu GKvD U ev wnmve Lyj Z n e GKwU wnmve Lyj Z n e wb Ri bv g Ges Ab Av ikwu wnmve wb Ri I ` k i L hviqv cwiev ii wbf i hvm m` m i mv _ hy³ bv g Ki Z n e hy³ GKvD UwU n e msmvi Li Pi Rb cö qvrbxq A_ cvvv bvi Rb wb Ri bv gi wnmv e DcvwR Z A _ i wkqy Ask Rgv ivl Z n e Kbbv Awfevmxi DcvwR Z me A_ we ` k ivlv SuzwKc~Y Ab w` K cwievi K me UvKv cvvv j cwievi Zv LiP K i dj Z cv i GKvD U Lvjvi Rb `yb Kwc cvm cvu mvb Ri Qwe Ges cvm cv U i d UvKwcmn wba vwiz d g Av e`b Ki Z nq `wk e vsk bv n j GKvD U Lvjvi dg jv Bs iwr Z _v K GKvD U Lvjvi Rb hme Z_ mvaviyz jv M m jv n jv: wb Ri bvg, wczv gvzvi bvg, ez gvb wvkvbv, vqx wvkvbv, bwgwbi Z_ BZ vw` wpî 61: e vsk GKvD U Lvjvi bgybv 115

124 cövc Ki wvkvbv (hvi bv g UvKv cvvv bv n e Zv K wpwv cvvv bvi wvkvbv) e vs Ki bvg ( h e vs K cövc Ki wnmve Lvjv i q Q) kvlvi bvg (cövc Ki wnmv ei kvlv- hlvb _ K wzwb UvKv D Ëvjb Ki eb) kvlvi wvkvbv, cvó KvWmn (e vs Ki bvg I kvlvi bvg c~y wvkvbvmn, mwvkfv e) wnmve Lvjvi Av M hv Rvb Z n e Zv n jv we ` k me RvqMvq Avgv `i e vs Ki kvlv bb, ZvB UvKv cvvv Z nq Ab e vsk ev G PÄ nvd Ri gva g h e vs K wnmve Lvjv n Q H e vs Ki mv _ MšÍe ` ki Kv bv e vsk ev G PÄ nvd Ri m úk i q Q wkbv Zv R b wb q e vs K wnmve Lyj Z n e wnmve Lvjvi mgq Aek B bwgwbi bvg A_ vr Awfevmx köwg Ki g Zz n j wnmv e iw Z UvKv whwb cv eb Zv K AšÍf ~³ Ki Z n e e vs K UvKv cvvv Z wm q WªvdU I P K wkqz fyj wjl j UvKv cušqv Z `wi n Z cv i ZvB fyj Gov Z we ` k hvevi c~ e e vs Ki wnmve msμvší mkj Z_ e vs Ki Awdmvi K w` q Bs iwr fvlvq wjwl q wb Z n e Zvici mwu 2 mu d UvKwc K i GKUv wb Ri Kv Q Ges GKwU cwiev ii Kv Q ivl Z n e we `k hvevi mgq wb Pi Z_ jv mv _ wb q hviqv `ikvi- Z_ mg~n D`vniY cöi Ki bvg (whwb A_ evb i _ K cvvv Qb gvnvt Avãyj gvgyb Zvi bvg mwvkfv e) cövc Ki bvg (hvi bv g UvKv cvvv Qb Zvi gvqvt iwngv Av³vi bvg mwvkfv e) we `k _ K ` k e vsk GKvD U Lvjv Awfevmx Kgx hw` Kvb Kvi Y ` k GKvD U Ly j bv Avm Z cv ib, Zvn j we ` k _vkvkv ji ` ki e vs K GKvD U Lyj Z cv ib Z e ` k _vkv Ae vq GKvD U Lvjv A bk mnr h e vs K GKvD U Lyj Z Pvb, Kgx K mlv b Av e`bcî cvvv Z n e wkqy e vs K B gbj K ii Av e`bcî cvvv bv hvq A_ev Kgx i Kvb AvZ xq e vsk _ K dg msmön K i Zv K cvvv Z cv i G Î Kgx i evwoi Kv Q h e vs Ki kvlv Av Q, Ggb Kvb evwywr K e vsk e Q wb j fvj n e h ` k Kgx Av Qb, mlv b H e vs Ki kvlv ev G PÄ nvdm _vk j kvlv Awdmvi Kgx I KvMRcÎ, Qwe mz vwqz K i w` eb hw` kvlv bv _v K Z e evsjv `k `~Zvev mi gva g me KvMRcÎ mz vwqz Kiv hv e MÖvg: cvjzvwv½v, cv: evukevoxqv, Dc Rjv : AvjgWv½v, Rjv PyqvWv½v, cvó KvW : 7210, evsjv `k mvbvjx e vsk wjwg UW AvjgWv½v kvlv Dc Rjv: AvjgWv½v, Rjv PyqvWv½v, cvó KvW : 7210, evsjv `k mz vwqz mkj KvMRcÎ dg mn e vs K cvvv j e vsk KZ c mz Zv hvpvb K i GKvD U Ly j w` e Gici cöevmx Kgx h Kvb e vs K gvwb G P Äi gva g H e vs K UvKv cvvv Z cvi eb Ges Zvi mb Kiv PK ev hš_ GKvD U _vk j AvZ xq ^Rbiv UvKv Zzj Z cvi eb h mkj ` k evsjv `kx e vs Ki kvlv Av Q A_ev HLvbKvi e vsk G PÄ nvd Ri mv _ evsjv `kx e vs Ki Pzw³ Av Q, m me `k _ K H kvlvi gva g LyeB Aí Li P UvKv cvvv bv hvq 116

125 we `k _ K e vs Ki gva g mwvkfv e UvKv cvvv Z KiYxq we `k _ K ` k ˆea Dcv q UvKv cvvv bvi Rb cö_ gb GKRb Awfevmx Kg x K wzwb h GjvKvq _v Kb ev KvR K ib Zvi KvQvKvwQ e vsk ev G PÄ nvdr Luy R ei Ki Z n e we `k _ K UvKv cvvv Z n j wbw` ó wkqz dg c~iy Ki Z nq G dg jv mswkøó ` ki fvlvq ev Bs iwr Z _v K G Z Nve o hvevi ev fq cvevi wkqz bvb dg c~iy Ki Z mvaviyz hme Z_ cö qvrb nq m jv n jv cöi Ki bvg, cövc Ki bvg, GKvD U b ^i, e vs Ki kvlvi bvg Ges e vs Ki bvg GB Z_ jv fyj n j UvKv ` k cušqv e bv ev cušqv ji Zv MÖn Y wewfbœ mgm v n Z cv i D`vniY wn m e ejv hvq, hw` KD e vsk GKvD U Lvjvi mgq gvt AvKei wj L _v Kb, UvKv cvvv bvi mgqi GKB bvg n Z n e ZLb gvnv ` AvKei jlv hv ebv UvKv Zvjvi mgq bgybv ^v ii mv _ mbi ûeû wgj Z n e G Î mnr Dcvq n jv e vsk Kg KZ vi gvidz wj L bqv Z_ ` L dg c~iy Kiv cö qvr b e vsk Kg KZ v ev mnkg x `i mvnvh wb q dg c~iy Ki Z n e e vs Ki gva g hfv e UvKv Av m e vs Ki gva g mvaviyz e vsk _ K e vs K cöiy, wwgvû WªvdU ev ww ww, Uwj dvwbk UªvÝdvi ev wu wu, B jkuªwbk dvû UªvÝdvi ev BGdwUÕi gva g mvaviyz GK vb _ K Ab v b UvKv Av m wwgvû WªvdU: wwgvû WªvdU cvvv bvi Rb Kgx i Aek B e vsk GKvD U _vk Z n e ` k h e vsk GKvD U Av Q, m e vs Ki Aby gvw`z we ` ki Kvb e vsk ev G PÄ nvd R cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎmn h Z n e whwb wwww cvvv eb wzwb wbwðz Ki eb: d g cövc Ki bvg, cövc Ki e vsk I kvlvi bvg Ges wnmve b ^i wvk fv e jlv n q Q wkbv UvKv Rgv w` j e vsk ev G PÄ nvdr _ K Zv K GKwU eqvivi WªvdU w` e Gmg q `L Z n e WªvdwU Z e vs Ki `ybrb Kg KZv i ^v i Av Q wkbv Ges Wªvd U ZvwiL I UvKvi weeiy As K I K_vq wgj Av Q wkbv Awfevmx köwgk WªvdU hvi Kv Q cvvv Qb Zvi bv g Kzwiqvi ev cvó Ki eb Kvb Kvb mgq we ` ki h e vsk _ K ` k Awfevmx Kgx i h e vsk GKvD U Av Q mlv b Zv `i WªvdU B j±ªwbk vwj e vs K cvwv q `q e vsk _ K MÖnYKvixi mv _ hvmv hvm Kiv nq cövck GUv cviqvi ci wwwwuv h e vs Ki h kvlvi bv g Bmÿ Kiv n q Q mlv b Rgv `b K qk w`b ci LuvR wb Z nq UvKv Rgv n j PK eb ev WweU Kv W i gva g UvKv Zvjv hv e G cöwμqvwu wbivc` Z e UvKv c Z ek mgq jv M Uwj dvwbk UªvÝdvi (wu wu): wu wu KvM R Qvcv n q Av m bv h Kv bv e vs K wm q wbw` ó dg c~iy K i UvKv A_ev PK Rgv w` j H e vsk dv bi gva g MÖnYKvix e vsk K Zv Rvwb q `q hvi bv g wuwu Kiv n Q MÖnYKvix e vs K Aek B Zvi GKvD U _vk Z n e G Î cöiykvix I MÖnYKvix e vs Ki g a wuwuõi e e v _vk Z n e G cöwμqv `ªæZ Ges wbivc` B jkuªwbk dvû UªvÝdvi (BGdwU): BGdwU UvKv cvvv bvi AZ ší AvaywbK, `ªæZ I wbivc` c wz GB c wz Z μwwu KvW (Credit Card) e envi K i ev AbjvB b UvKv IVv bv hvq PK e env ii Sv gjv bb GRb cöevmx Kgx i Aek B ` k e vsk GKvD U _vk Z n e cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ wb q h Kvb e vsk Aby gvw`z G PÄ nvd R wm q UvKv Ges ` k whwb UvKv MÖnY Ki eb Zvi we ÍvwiZ Z_ GKvD U b ^imn Rgv w` Z n e ` k whwb UvKv Zzj eb Zv K h e vs Ki Awfevmx Kgx i GKvD U Av Q, mlv b Lei wb Z n e UvKv Rgv n q Q wkbv Rgv n j PK eb ev Kv W i gva g mn RB UvKv Zvjv hv e 117

126 e vsk Qvov Ab gva g hfv e UvKv Av m e vsk Qvov Ab gva g mvaviyz BÝU v U K vk, cv Awd mi gva g, gvwb UªvÝdvi G RwÝi gva g I gvevb ji gva g GK vb _ K Ab v b UvKv Av m BÝU v U K vk: BÝU v U K vk c wz Z e vsk GKvD U QvovI ˆea Dcv q UvKv cvvv bv hvq Bmjvgx e vsk, eª vk e vsk, I q vb BDwbqb, gvwbmövgmn ek wkqz cöwzôvb Kv bv e vsk GKvD U QvovB Zv `i UvKv we `k _ K `ªæZ I wbivc ` cvwv q _v K whwb UvKv cvvv eb Zv K cö qvrbxq KvMR wb q e vs K ev G PÄ nvd R h Z n e G PÄ nvdr/e vs K UvKv Rgv wb q Kgx K jb ` bi Rb GKwU Uªvb RKkb AvBwW ev cwipqcî I GKwU Mvcb b ^i w` e Kgx GB jb ` bi Mvcb b ^iwu Ges UvKv mwvk cwigvy ` k hvi Kv Q UvKv cvvv eb Zv K Rvbv eb ` k hvi bv g UvKv cvvv bv n q Q, m Kgx i cvvv bv Uªvb RKkb AvBwW I Mvcb b ^i, UvKvi mwvk cwigvy Ges wb Ri d Uv AvBwW (RvZxq cwipqcî/cvm cvu /WªvBwfs jvb mý) wb q wbw` ó e vs K hv eb e vsk cövck K bm` UvKv w` e Ges Zvi KvQ _ K Kvb LiP wb e bv cv Awdm: cv Awd mi gva gi we `k _ K UvKv cvvv bv hvq evsjv ` ki cv Awd mi mv _ h 15wU ` ki cv Awd mi wøcvw K Pyw³ Av Q m jv n jv: WbgvK, wdwr, Rvcvb, Kz qz, gvj qwkqv, gvëv, gvjøxc, KvZvi, wm½vcyi, myb Wb, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ, BDGmG, BD K, Rvg vbx Ges B q gb G mg Í `k _ K gvwb AW vi K i evsjv ` ki cöz ší A j UvKv cvvv bv hvq G Z mgq ewk jv M Z e N i e m UvKv cviqv hvq gvwb G P Äi gva g UvKv cvvv bv: gvwb UªvÝdvi G RwÝi gva g `ªæZ UvKv cövc Ki nv Z cuš Q ez gv b I qóvb BDwbqb, gvwbmövg I B.Gg.AvB Gi gva g UvKv cvvv bv we ` k ek cöpwjz cö hvrbxq KvMRcÎ (Kv Ri wfmvmn cvm cvu ; ˆea Awfevm bi KvMR; IqvK cviwgu/avkvgv; WªvBwfs jvb mý (hw` _v K) A_ev h Kvb ai bi d Uv AvBwW) gvwb UªvÝdvi G RwÝi Kv Q h Z n e G PÄ nvd Ri dg c~iy K i cö qvrbxq KvMRmn UvKv Rgv w` Z n e G PÄ nvd Ri `qv iwk` mb K i Kgx i wb Ri Kv Q ivl Z n e hw` bm` UvKv jb `b nq G PÄ nvdr Kgx K GKwU Mvcb b ^i w` e hv iwm ` jlv _vk e Z e ` k e vsk GKvD U UvKv Rgv n j Kvb Mvcb b ^i jvm e bv h e w³i Kv Q UvKv cvvv bv n e, Mvcb b ^iwu Zv K w` Z n e Ges Kv_v _ K UvKv msmön Ki Z n e Zv K Zv mwvk fv e Rvwb q w` Z n e Kvb& `k _ K Kx cwigvy UvKv cvvv bv n Q Zvi Dci cvvv bvi LiP wbf i K i ` k whwb UvKv Zzj eb wzwb Mvcb b ^iwu wb q wba vwiz e vs Ki kvlvq cö qvrbxq KvMRcÎ hgb: Zvi Kvb d Uv AvBwW ( hgb: RvZxq cwipqcî/cvm cvu /WªvBwfs jvb mý Gi mz vwqz Kwc) mn Rgv w` Z n e G PÄ nvd Ri gva g UvKv cvvv Z h e vs Ki iwgu KvW, m e vs Ki Aby gvw`z G PÄ nvdr _ K H b ^ i mivmwi UvKv cvvv bv hv e Aby gvw`z G PÄ nvdr Ges Swift code Rvb Z e vs Ki mv _ hvmv hvm Ki Z n e Kv W iwg UÝ Rgv niqvi msev` Av e`bc Î DwjøwLZ gvevbj b ^ i GmGgGm Gi gva g MÖvnK K Rvbv bv n e wfmv j Mv m ^wjz mkj GwUGg ey_ _ K A_ev iwgu K vk c q U _ K GB KvW w` q bm` UvKv Zvjv hv e GB Kv W i gva g ïaygvî evsjv `kx UvKvq ˆe `wkk iwg UÝ M wnz n e 118

127 gvevb ji gva g UvKv cvvv bv: ez gv b wbw` ó wkqy e vsk I gvevbj Acv iui Kv úvbx jv mivmwi gvevb ji gva g we `k _ K UvKv cvvv bvi mev w` Qb evsjv ` ki AZ ší cöz ší A ji gvevbj Kv úvbxi AvDU j Ui gva g `ªæZ iwg UÝ cuš Q `qv m e evsjv ` k wbw` ó gvevbj Acv iu ii gva g gvevbj Iqv ju GKvD U Lvjv hv e cöik G PÄ nvdr K iwg UÝ cvvv bvi Aby iva Rvbv eb cövc Ki iwróvw gvevbj Iqv ju GKvD U _vk j cöik G PÄ nvdr K Zvi gvevbj b ^i Rvbv eb A_ev D jøl Ki eb Kvb gvevbj iwg UÝ mvwf mi gva g ` k UvKv cvvv eb cövc Ki iwróvw gvevbj Iqv ju GKvD U bv _vk ji idv iý Uªvb RKkb b ^ ii gva g UvKv cvvv Z cvi eb cöik G PÄ nvdr _ K Uªvb RKkb idv iý b ^i MÖnY Ki eb Ges mb b ^iwu evsjv `kx UvKvq wba vwiz UvKvi cwigvy Ges e vs Ki bvgmn cövck K Rvbv eb cövck UvKv Zvjvi dg wu c~iy Ki eb wi UBjv ii Kv Q wb Pi h Kvb KvMRc Îi d UvKwc Rgv w` Z n e Ges g~j Kwc `Lv Z n e (d Uv WªvBwfs AvBwW; fvuvi AvBwW/RvZxq cwipqcî; WªvBwfs jvb mý A_ev; cvm cvu ) hw` cövc Ki gvevbj Iqv ju GKvD U _v K, Zvn j H iwróvw K Z b ^i Ges h cwigvy UvKv Zzj Z Pvb Zv d g D jøl Ki Z n e Uªvb RKkb wbwðz Ki Z wcb b ^iwu gvevbj Acv iui K GmGgGm Ki Z n e hw` cövc Ki iwróvw K Z gvevbj Iqv ju GKvD U bv _v K, h e vs K UvKv G m Q Zvi bvg, cövß UvKvi mwvk cwigvy (evsjv `kx UvKvq) Ges Uªvb RKkb idv iý AvBwW ( h b ^iwu cöik Kgx K Rvwb q Qb) d g D jøl Ki Z n e wi UBjv ii KvQ _ K cövck K Zvi UvKv ey S wb Z n e mv _ K i UvKv Avbv: Awfevmxiv ` k divi mgq ev QzwU Z Avmvi mgq mv _ K i Wjvi Avb Z cv ib wkš Zv 5,000 Wjv ii ewk n j Aek B wegvbe ` i Kv g mi wbw` ó ww K qv ikb dg c~iy K i NvlYv w` Z n e 5,000 Wjvi ev Gi Kg n j NvlYv `Iqv eva Zvg~jK bq Z e KD NvlYv w` j Gme A_ I iwg UÝ e j aiv n e AvqKi gyw³ n Z ïiæ K i iwg U Ý mikvi hme myweav w` q Q Zvi me jv cviqv hv e G QvovI ciez x Z GB UvKv e emvq LvUv j ev evwoni wbg vy Ki j mikvi K Awfevmxiv UvKvi Drm `Lv Z cvi eb wegvbe `i Z vm Ki j ww K qvi Kivi Avi Kv bv my hvm bb QK: e vs Ki gva g UvKv cvvv bvi myweav I ûwûi gva g UvKv cvvv bvi Amyweav e vs Ki gva g UvKv cvvv j ûwûi gva g UvKv cvvv j ˆea UvKv e j MY nq Ges m ú~y SzuwKgy³ Drm `Lv bv hvq bv e j Kv jv UvKv wn m e MY nq AvqKi gy³ AvqKi gyw³i myweav cviqv hvq bv mâq Kiv hvq bm` UvKv Av m, cwiev ii mevb R b d j d j mâq Kiv hvq bv iwg U Ýi wecix Z e vsk _ K FY wb q e emv Kiv hvq ûwû Z Avmv UvKvi e vsk F Yi myweav bvb UvKv e vs K _v K, Amvay e w³iv A ea Kv R e envi Ki Z cv i bv Amvay e w³iv ûwûi UvKv PvivPvjvb, gv`k I A ea A Avg`vwb Z e envi K i e vsk iwguvi `i m vwbz K i ûwû Z UvKv cvvv bv kvw Í hvm Aciva mvz eq ii Rj n Z cv i UvKv Ah_v LiP nq bv UvKv AvZ mvr nq, Avevi cwievii AcPq K i Kvb vqx m úwë Kbvi Rb U v AvB Ww Uwd Kkb b ^i (wub) mvwu wd KU Gi cö qvrb n e bv h Kvb vqx m úwë Kbvi Rb U v AvB Ww Uwd Kkb b ^i (wub) mvwu wd KU Gi cö qvrb n e 119

128 Igv b Aew Z gvwb UªvÝdvi G RwÝi wvkvbv Oman International Exchange LLC, P.O. Box No. 994, Postal Code 114 Ham riya, Muscat, Tel: , (Managed by IFIC Bank, Bangladesh) Hamdan Exchange P.O.Box No. 190, Postal Code 211, Salalah, Oman Tel: Asia Express Exchange P.O. Box 881, Postal Code 112 Ruwi, Muscat Tel: Purshottam Kanji Exchange Co.LLC P.O. Box 41, Code No. 100, Muttrah, Muscat Tel: Modern Exchange Co. P.O. Box 3401, Postal Code 112 Ruwi, Muscat Tel: Gulf Overseas Exchange Co. LLC, P.O. Box No.3931, Postal Code 112 Ruwi, Muscat Tel: Mustafa Sultan Exchange Co. LLC P.O. Box 2131, Postal Code 112 Ruwi, Muscat Tel: Oman UAE Exchange P.O.Box 1116, Postal Code 131Ruwi, Muscat Tel: Modern Exchange P.O. Box 2155, Code No, 112 Ruwi Muscat Tel: Oman United Exchange Co. P.O.Box 889, Postal Code 112 Ruwi, Muscat Tel: AwR Z A _ i h_vh_ e e vcbv we ` k DcvwR Z me UvKv evwo Z bv cvwv q Kgx wb Ri wkqy Rgv Kiv cö qvrb evwo Z cvvv bvmn UvKv cwievi _ K e q K i dj j ` k wd i hviqvi ci Kgx i e q Kivi g Zv Kv bv UvKv Aewkó _vk e bv cwievi K mnvqzv Kivi Rb GKwU wbw` ó cwigvy UvKv ` k cvvv bv DwPZ evwk UvKv we ` k Avmvi c~ e wb Ri bv g h e vsk GKvD U Ly j ivlv n q Q mlv b wbqwgz Rgv Z n e; hv mâq wn m e i q hv e I Kgx ` k wd i Zv Kvb jvfrbk Lv Z wewb qvm Ki Z cvi e GQvov: Awfevmx Kgx Zvi mâq K G P Ä wewb qvm Ki Z cv ib h wwwf WÛ wzwb Avq Ki eb Zv evsjv ` k AvqKigy³ Kgx i Kvb bwgwbi GB GKvD U Pvjbv Ki Z cv ib cöv_wgk kqvi μ q cöevmx Kgx `i Rb 10% KvUv wba viy Kiv n q Q Awfevmxi Rb 05 (cuvp) eqi gqv`x I qr Avb vm W fjc g U eû Av Q b~ bzg Rgvi cwigvy 25,000 UvKv Ges GwU AvqKigy³ G Î Kgx Zvi wbr bv g ev Zvi g bvwbz e w³i bv g GB eû Wjv i wkb Z cvi eb wzb eqi gqv`x GB e Û gybvdvi nvi 7.50 hv Qq gvm AšÍi IVv bv hv e cöevmx `i Rb we kl KvUvq mikvwi Rwg Kbvi e e v Av Q h e vs K Kgx i GKvD U Av Q, mlv b UvKv cvvv j fwel Z mb e vsk _ K wewfbœ ai Yi FY cviqv mnr n e 120

129 cöev m cö qvr bi AwZwi³ A_ e q Kiv DwPZ bq KbvKvUv Kivi mgq jv fi ekezx n q AcÖ qvrbxq wkqy μq Kiv DwPZ bq Rgv UvKv GKevi LiP Ki Z ïiæ Ki j Zv kl n Z mgq jv M bv ` k wd i hvevi ci Rgv bv UvKv Kgx wkfv e e q Ki eb Zv Av Mfv M wpšív K i ivl Z n e e emvq wewb qvm we `k _ K diz Avmvi mv _ mv _ cwiev ii m`m, AvZ xq ^Rb mevb wewfbœ ai bi mšwlb Pvwn`v Rvbv bv ïiæ K i G Î GKRb Awfevmx K wep YZvi cwipq w` Z n e Ges mwâz UvKvi e env ii cwikíbv Ki Z n e Avcwb we `k _ K wd i G m Avcbvi cöwiz iwg UÝ wewfbœ Lv Z wewb qvm Ki Z cv ib wpî 62: e emv q wewb qv Mi bgybv Avcbvi iwg UÝ Gi gva g wbr GjvKvq z`ª e emv I z`ª wkí, K wl Lvgvi, WBwi I cvwëª Lvgvi BZ vw` Lv Z jvfrbk wewb qvm Ki Z cv ib GKRb cöz vmz Awfevmx Zvi wbr bv gi GKvD U mwâz UvKv e emvq wewb qvm K i wb Ri fwel r DcvR bi c_ ˆZwi Ki Z cv ib, cvkvcvwk A b Ki Kg ms v bi e e vi Ki Z cv ib Kvb e emvq wewb qvm Ki Z PvB j cy iv mâq g~jab wn m e e q bv K i wkqy cwigvy UvKv fwel r wec` gvkv ejvi Rb mwâz ivlv DwPZ ` k e emv Ki Z PvB j Av Mfv M e emvi KvVv gv m ú K wpšív Ki Z n e Kvb we kl Kv R cvi`wk Zv AR b Ki Z PvB j civgk `vzv ms vi mv _ hvmv hvm Ki Z n e e emv cwikíbvi mgqb Gi m ve jvf wz m ú K aviyv Ki Z n e GB e emvi KuvPvgvj mnrjf wkbv Zv we epbv Riæix e emvq cöwz hvwmzvq wu K _vkvi g bvej I m ve SuywK gvkv ejvi mvg_ we epbv Kiv cö qvrb e emvi wz KvwU q IVvi gzv I A_ `yb _vkv evâyxq me `v ` ki cwiw wz LuvR Lei ivl Z n e Kgx i Abycw wz Z ` ki A_ bwzk, ivr bwzk A bk cwiez b n e ZvB wbqwgz wuwf Z, B Uvi bu ev msev`cî ` L ` ki me kl cwiw wz Lei ivlv cö qvrb 121

130 e emvwqk FY wb q wewb qvm cöevmx `i cöwiz UvKv w` q e emvwqk FY myweav biqv hvq wewfbœ e vsk I Avw_ K cöwzôvb _ K ^í my ` jvb wb q Avevmb cökí, Mvwo μq, cwienb LvZ, K wl Lvgvi, WBwi I cvwëª LvZ, m ú` μq, z`ª e emvq I z`ª wk í wewb qvm K i e emv Kiv hvq wewfbœ mikvwi I emikvwi e vs K wkqz wbw` ó wewb qvm Kej cöevmx niqvi Kvi Y GKRb Awfevmx wb RB Ki Z cvi eb mâ q wewb qvm wb Ri I cwiev ii fwel Zi K_v wpšív K i mâq Kiv cö qvrb mâq cökí jv wewb qvm cökí _ K GKUz Avjv`v G Î GKRb cöevmx UvKv wewb qvm Ki e, Z e e emvq bq eis UvKv mỳ mn wbivc ` evo Z _vk e 122

131 Aa vq: 19 we `k _ K cöz vez b I cybev mb GB Awa ekb k l AskMÖnYKvixMY ` k divi Rb h mkj cö wz bqv cö qvrb m m ú K ej Z cvi eb; wbr ` ki wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv, m e mgm v I mgvav bi Dcvq ej Z cvi eb; ` k cybe vm bi Rb Aek B KiYxq welqmg~n ey bv Ki Z cvi eb; GBPAvBwf c RwUf Ae v _ K cwiîv Yi Dcvq ej Z cvi eb; mgq: 45 wgwbu welq c wz DcKiY mgq ` k divi hvîv cö wz I wegvbe ` ii AwfÁZv wewbgq, cö`k b gvwëwgwwqv 10 wgwbu AvbyôvwbKZv Av jvpbv j vcuc wbr ` k wegvbe ` ii m ve mgm v I AwfÁZv wewbgq, cö`k b gvwëwgwwqv 10 wgwbu mgvav bi Dcvq Av jvpbv j vcuc gvbwmk I A_ bwzk cybe vmb cö kœvëi, cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv 15 wgwbu j vcuc ` k we ` k GBPAvBwf c RwUf Ae v _ K cwiîv Yi Dcvq Mí ejv, cö`k b, Av jvpbv gvwëwgwwqv j vcuc 10 wgwbu cöwk Ki Rb wb ` kbv AskMÖnYKvix `i g a hw` Ggb KD _v K whwb c~ e we ` k wm q Qb Zv K ` k divi Rb cö wz I wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv m ú K ej Z ejyb Zvi ejv kl n j gvwëwgwwqvi gva g ` k divi cö wz I wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb gvbwmk I A_ bwzk cybe vmb ej Z Zviv K Kx ev Sb G K G K DËi jv wbb AZtci gvwëwgwwqvi gva g gvbwmk I A_ bwzk cybe vmb cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb AskMÖnYKvix `i cökœ Kiæb GBPAvBwf GBWm ej Z Zviv K Kx ev Sb AZtci ` k we ` k GBPAvBwf c RwUf Ae v _ K cwiîv Yi Dcvq gvwëwgwwqvi gva g cö`k b I e vl v Kiæb Awa ekb mnvwqkv cuf~wg: we `k hvevi mgq wegvbe ` i h ai bi AvbyôvwbKZv g b Pj Z nq, ` k divi mgqi ZgbB wkqz AvbyôvwbKZv gvb Z nq wegvbe ` i b g Kx Ki Z n e Zv wvkg Zv bv Rvbvi Kvi Y Awfevmxiv wewfbœ ai bi nqivwb I cözviyvi wkkvi nb ` k divi mgq wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv m ú K G Aa v q cöv_wgk Av jvpbv Kiv n jv 19.1 ` k divi cö wz I wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv MšÍe ` k cušqv bvi Rb h ai bi hvîv cö wz MÖnY Kiv n qwqj Awfevmx köwgkmy K mb GKB ai bi hvîv cö wz I wegvbe ` ii AvbyôvwbKZv m úv`b Ki Z n e myzivs G Î ( mkb 3 Gi Aa vq 5, 6, 7, 8, Ges 9 Gi avc jv AbymiY Ki Z n e 123

132 g b ivl j fv jv ` k divi Rb wegv bi wuwku μq Kivi mgq w` bi ejvq ` k AeZiY Ki e Zgb d vb Ui wuwkuwu μq Kiv fv jv, KviY G Z K i ` ki Af ší i iv Zi ejvq PjvP ji SuzwK Gov bv m e we `k hviqvi mgq h G ^v K kb KvW c~iy Ki Z nq, wvk GKBfv e divi mgqi wwmg ^v K kb KvW c~iy Ki Z nq cv_ K n jv hvîvi ZvwiL, d vbu b ^i, Av ivny j, AeZiY j c _K n e GB KvW wbr nv Z c~iy Kiv fv jv, bv cvi j Kv bv AwfÁ e w³i mvnvh b eb ` k divi Av M ewki fvm UvKv ` k e vs Ki gva g cvwv q `qv fvj G Z mv _ UvKv enb Ki Z n e bv d j UvKv nviv bvi ev Pzwi niqvi fq _vk e bv 19.2 XvKv wegvbe ` i Avmvi ci mgm v I mgvavb Mvwo fvov msμvší wegvbe `i _ K ei n q diz Awfevmx köwgk U vw K ve ev A Uv wik&mv wb q evwo wdi Z cv ib Mvwo Z DVvi Av M Mvwoi b ^i wj L ivlyb I cö qvr b mwu evwo Z dv bi gva g Rvwb q w`b fvov Kiv Mvwo Z D V A bk mgq wqbzvbkvixi Ke j c o me ^ nviv bvi bwri Av Q Ges Zv iv ÎB ewk nq ZvB mzk _vkv DwPZ Pvj Ki `Iqv Kvb wkqz LvIqv DwPZ bq hvîvc _ A Pbv KD hw` köwg Ki mv _ h Z Pvq Z e wkqz ZB Zv K m ½ bqv DwPZ bq iv Z wegvbe ` i KiYxq iv Zi ejv wegvbe ` i cušqv j Awfevmx `i DwPZ mveav b wm vší biqv ivz Mfxi n j wegvbe ` i A c v K i c ii w`b mkv j evwo hviqv mew`k _ K wbivc` wek Í AvZ xq K Rvbv bv ` k divi mgq me AvZ xq ^Rb K bv Rvwb q cwiev ii wkqz wek Í m`m ev AvZ xq K Avmvi K_v Rvwb q ivlv DwPZ Zv `i ga _ K 1 ev 2 Rb K wegvbe ` i Avmvi Rb Aby iva Kiv fvj G Z K i wegvbe ` i AbvKvw LZ fxo Gov bv hvq wek Í cwirb _vkvq Kg x wkqzuv wbivc` eva Ki eb, Avevi AvZ xq ^Rb K `Lvi B QUvI wgu e 19.3 wqbzvb I RvwjqvwZ _ K mzk Zv wqbzvb Ges RvwjqvwZi NUbv XvKv kn ii Anin NU Q `xn w`b we ` k Ae vb Kivq Awfevmxiv G m ú K AewnZ _v Kb bv Awfevmxiv ` k divi mgq me kl AvBb k sljv cwiw wz m ú K R b b eb Ges mb gvzv ek mveavbzv Aej ^b Ki eb A bk mgq iv Ívq wec ` covi fvb K i A b K Mvwo Z DV Z Pvq `qv ciek n q G Ae vq KvD K Mvwo Z bv IVv bvb fv jv wbkuez x cywjk k b ev iv Ívq KZ e iz UªvwdK cywjk K Rvwb q Zv `i mn hvwmzv Kiv h Z cv i KviY we `k _ K divi mgq Gfv eb A b K wqbzvb Gi Ke j c ob 19.4 AvZ xq ^R bi Kv Q nv Z enbk Z gỳ ªvi K_v bv Rvbv bv wek Í mn hvmx ev AvZ xq KI mv _ Avbv UvKv m ú K ejv DwPZ bq eis c i wpšív K i Ges AwfÁ Kv iv mv _ Av jvpbv K i GB UvKv e envi Kiv fvj A b K wb Ri Avq Rvwni Kivi Rb we `k _ K KZ UvKv G b Q Zv eovb K i cökvk K i, hv ciez x Z Zvi Rb mgm v n q `uvov Z cv i AvZ xq ^Rb mb UvKv LiP Ki Z Pvq, wd i Avmv Awfevmxi Kv Q Zv `i Pvwn`v e o hvq A b K wnsmv K i Zvi mv _ kîæzv Ki Z cv i 124

133 19.5 cybe vmb A bk w`b we ` k _vkvi ci Awfevmxi ` k wd i G m `yb ai bi cybe vmb cö qvrb nq: gvbwmk I A_ bwzk cybe vmb gvbwmk cybe vmb Awfevmx Kg x hlb we ` k hvb mb mgq Ges hlb d ib ZLbKvi mg qi g a A bk cv_ K ˆZwi nq A bk wkqzb e` j hvq cwievi wb Ri g Zv K i Pj Z k L, wm vší wb Z Af Í nq Awfevmx diz G m Zvi msmvi hfv e i L M Qb mbfv e bvi c Z cv ib Zv K cwiev ii mv _ Ges cwievi K Zvi mv _ gvwb q Pj Z wkl Z n e hb Kv bv Ø Ø ˆZwi bv nq gvbwmk cybe vm bi Rb wbgœwjwlz welq jv AbymiY Kiv h Z cv i: `xn w`b we ` k _vkvi d j h BwZevPK AwfÁZv AR b Kiv n q Q, Zvi Av jv K vbxq hyemgvr K mv _ wb q mgvr ms vig~jk Kv R wb R K wb qvwrz Kiv h Z cv i vbxq hye msn/dbœqb msn, y ji Dbœqb KwgwU Ges G ai bi Ab vb KwgwU Z ^ Qv mek wnmv e KvR Kiv h Z cv i e ivcymn wewfbœ ai bi cwi ek Dbœqbg~jK Kv R wb R K wb qvwrz Kiv h Z cv i Gai bi Kv R AšÍf ~w³ Zv K gvbwmkfv e Av iv D¾ xwez I AvZ wek vmx K i Zyj e A_ bwzk cybe vmb ` k divi ci bv ey S A b K Zv `i K ó AwR Z UvKv cqmv LiP K ib wg_ v mvgvwrk cöwzcwë I h ki jv f d j we ` k hviqvi Av M h Ae vq wq jb Avevi mb Ae vq ev Zvi P q Lvivc Ae vqi wd i h Z cv ib ZvB we `k _ K divi ci cö_ g hv Ki Z n e Zv n jv wb Ri Kv Q KZ UvKv Av Q Zv KvD K Rvb Z bv `Iqv Ges wb R wb R wewfbœ e vsk I bb e vswks Avw_ K cöwzôv b wm q Lei bqv mlv b wewb qv Mi Kx Kx my hvm Av Q Awfevmx ` k divi ci Zvi A_ bwzk cybe vmb K wzbwu fv M wef³ Kiv hvq: PvKwi, wewb qvm I Avevi we ` k hviqv wb gœ welq jvi Dci Av jvkcvz Kiv n jv: PvKwi Awfevmx hw` kvixwikfv e m g nb Ges Zvi eqm hw` Gi E aÿ bv nq Zvn j Zvi hvm Zv I we ` k Kv Ri AwfÁZvi Dci wfwë K i PvKwi LuyR Z cv ib G Î ïfvkv Lx `i mvnvh wb Z cv ib wzwb hw` PvKwi K ib Zvn j Zvi mwâz UvKv e vsk I bb e vswks Avw_ K cöwzôv b mâq Ki Z cv ib hv `i ` k wd i PvKwi Kivi B Qv Av Q Zviv ` k divi mg q PvKwi`vZvi KvQ _ K PvKwii GKwU AwfÁZv mb`cî msmön K i ivl Z cv ib ` k divi ci H AwfÁZv mb`cîwu PvKwi cvevi Î mvnvh Ki e wewb qvm Awfevmx hw` PvKwi bv K ib ev kvixwikfv e m g bv nb Zvn j UvKv wewb qvm Ki Z cv ib GB wewb qvm e emvq A_ev e vsk I bb e vswks Avw_ K cöwzôv b we` gvb mâ q wewb qvm n Z cv i G Î wewb qvm myweav I e emvi jvf wz we køly K i wm vší wb Z n e Kv_vq UvKv wewb qvm jvfrbk I SzuwKgy³ mâq LiP Kiv wvk n ebv wewb qvm m úwk Z Av jvpbv Aa vq 18 Z AšÍf ~³ Kiv n q Q 125

134 Avevi we `k hviqv Awfevmx hw` Kg eqmx nb Ges AvZ wek vmx nb Zvn j Avevi we ` k köwgk wnmve KvR Ki Z h Z cv ib Z e hviqvi Av M wkqzuv mgq bqv fvj we ` k c~e ezx mg q ` Zv msμvší h mkj mgm v n q Q, m jvi Dci h_vh_ cöwk Y biqv DwPZ wpšívfvebv K i Awfevm bi mg Í SzuwK Gwo q cybivq we `k Mgb Kiv DwPZ 19.6 ` k we ` k GBPAvBwf c RwUf Ae vi gy LvgywL n j KiYxq GBPAvBwf cix v cwrwuf n j ` k wd i cybivq cix v Kiv Ges djvdj wbwðz niqv; GBPAvBwf AvμvšÍ n j, gvbwmkfv e f ½ bv c o mswkøó wel q we klá/kvdwýj ii civgk bqv I wbqwgz Ilya meb Kiv; wbivc` hšb AvPiY Kiv, hšbwgj b Aek B KbWg e envi Kiv Ges i³`vb _ K weiz _vkv; ^vgx I cwiev ii m`m `i mv _ Ae v ey S wb Ri GBPAvBwf Ae vb m ú K AewnZ Kiv; mšívb aviy I ey Ki `ya LvIqv bvi wel q we klá wpwkrm Ki civgk g b Pjv; Rxeb m ú K bzzbfv e cwikíbv Kiv 126

135 cwiwkó: 1 fvlv I hvmv hvm ` Zv (K) evsjv, Aviwe Ges Bs iwr fvlvq wkqz cö qvrbxq kã Ges evk 1. ˆ`bw `b Rxe b e env ivc hvmx kã μg evsjv Bs iwr evsjvq Aviwe D PviY 1. Avwg (cys I x) I Avbv 2. Avgiv (cys I x) We bvnby 3. Zzwg, Avcwb (cys) You AvbZv 4. Zzwg, Avcwb ( x) You AvbwZ 5. Zvgiv 2 Rb (cys I x) You AvbZzgv 6. Zvgiv mkj (cys) You AvbZzg 7. Zvgiv mkj ( x) You AvbZz&bœv 8. m (cys) He ûqv 9. m ( x) She wnqv 10. Bnv, GB It, This nmvrv 11. Zvnviv 2 Rb They ûgv 12. Zvnviv mkj (cys eûepb) They ûg 13. Zvnviv mkj ( x eûepb) They ûbœv 14. Kx? What? nvj 15. Kx? What? gv 16. Kx? What? gvrv 17. Kx? (K_ fvlv) What? Bk 18. Kv_vq? Where? AvBbv 19. KLb? When? gvzv 20. KZ? How much? Kvg 21. Kgb How? KvBdv 22. K? Who gvb 23. Kb? Why wgjv/wjgvhv 24. H That hvwjkv 25. mv _ With gvav 26. hvi Go In& 27. fv jv, DËg Good LvBi/Zv he 28. ab ev` Thanks ïkivb 29. Lvivc (K_ fvlv) Bad gykzvbwq e 30. gvd Ki eb Forgive, Pardon, Excuse AvdIqvb 31. nü v Yes bvavgv 32. bv No jvbqv/jv 127

136 33. wpwv Letter LZve 34. dvb Phone dvb 35. hvmv hvm Communication G Z Qjvg 2. Lvev ii bvg μg evsjv Bs iwr evsjvq Aviex D PviY 1. fvz, PvDj Rice iær 2. iæwu Bread LyeR 3. AvUv Flour `vw K, nveÿv 4. gq`v Fine Flour `vw K, wdby 5. `ya Milk Nvwje 6. wwg Egg evb`vn 7. Mv Í, gvsm Meat Jnvg 8. Miæi gvsm Beef Jngyj ev vi 9. Lvwmi gvsm Mutton Jngyj Mvbvg 10. Wvj Pulses Av`vm 11. Lvbv Food ZvAvg 12. wpwb Sugar my vi 13. gvq Fish mvgvk 14. mkvj ejvi bv Ív Break Fast dyzzj 15. wøcön ii Avnvi Lunch Mv`v 16. iv Zi Avnvi Dinner Avkv 17. Pv Tea kvnx 18. cvwb Water gv/gb/wgqv/gyqv 19. wcuqvr Onion evqvj 20. imyb Garlic QvIg 21. Av`v Ginger RvbRvwej 22. jey Salt wjgn 23. Zj Oil RvBZ 24. njỳ Turmeric KziKzlg 25. wriv Cumin Seed Kvgyb 26. nvjkv Lvevi Snacks IqvRevZ Lvwddv 128

137 3. d ji bvg Igv b Mg b Qz köwgkm Yi Rb cövk Awfevmb cöwk K cöwk Y g vbyqvj μg evsjv Bs iwr evsjvq Aviwe D PviY 1. dj Fruit dkwn 2. Avbvim Pineapple AvbvbvQ 3. Avg Mango gvbrv/avbvr 4. ZigyR melon wewz L 5. Kgjv Orange eyizzkvj 6. LRyi Date Zvgvi 7. Av cj Apple Zzcdvn 8. Av½yi Grape Bbve 9. wkmwgm Currat Hwhe 4. Aviwe w`b μg evsjv Bs iwr evsjvq Aviwe D PviY 1. iweevi Sunday Bqvgyj Avnv` 2. mvgevi Monday Bqvgyj BQbvBb 3. g½jevi Tuesday Bqvgyj QyjvQv 4. eyaevi Wednesday Bqvgyj Avi eqv 5. e n úwzevi Thursday Bqvgyj Lvwgm 6. ïμevi Friday Bqvgyj Rygyqv 7. kwbevi Saturday Bqvgyj mvez 5. Aviwe b ^i μg evsjv Bs iwr evsjvq Aviwe D PviY 1. GK One Iqv n` 2. `yb Two BQbvb/BZwbb 3. wzb Three ZvjvZvn/QvjvQv 4. Pvi Four Avievqvn 5. cuvp Five Lvgmvn 6. Qq Six wmëvn 7. mvz Seven Mveqv 8. AvU Eight Zvgvwbqv/Qvvwbqv 9. bq Nine wzqqv 10. `k Ten Avkivn 11. GMvi Eleven Avnv`v Avkviv 12. evi Twelve BQbvb Iqv Avkviv 129

138 13. Zi Thirteen QvjvQvZz Avkviv 14. PŠÏ Fourteen AvievAvZz Avkviv 15. c b iv Fifteen LvgmvZz Avkviv 16. lvj Sixteen wmëvzz Avkviv 17. m Zi Seventeen mveqvzz Avkviv 18. AvVvi Eighteen QvgvwbqvZz Avkviv 19. Dwbk Nineteen wzqqvzz Avkviv 20. wek Twenty Bkiæb 6. Bs iwr K v jûv ii 12 gv mi bvg μg evsjv Bs iwr evsjvq Aviwe D PviY 1. Rvbyqvwi January Bqvbv qe 2. deªæqvwi February dveiv qi 3. gvp March gv iq 4. GwcÖj April Avewij 5. g May Îvqy 6. Ryb June BDwbI 7. RyjvB July BDwjI 8. AvMó August AvMmZvm 9. m Þ ^i September QeZv ^i 10. A ±vei October AKZzei 11. b f ^i November bi d ^i 12. ww m ^i December `xmv ^i 7. Aviwe K v jûv ii 12 gv mi bvg μg Bs idr evsjvq Aviwe D PviY 1. Moharram gynviivg 2. Safar mdi 3. Rabiul Awal iwedj AvDqvj 4. Rabius Sani iwedm mvwb 5. Jamadiul Awal Rgvw`Dj AvDqvj 6. Jamadius Sani Rgvw`Dm mvwb 7. Rajab ire 8. Shaban kvevb 9. Ramjan ivgvrvb 10. Shawal kviqvj 11. Jelkad wrjkv` 12. Jilhaj wrjnvr 130

139 8. Aviwe fvlvq cö qvrbxq K _vck_b μg evsjv Bs iwr evsjvq Aviwe D PviY 1. Avmmvjvgy AvjvBKzg Peace be upon you. Avmmvjvgy AvjvBKzg 2. Iqv AvjvB Kzgymmvjvg Peace be upon you also. Iqv AvjvB Kzgymmvjvg 3. Gw` K Avmyb Please come here. Zvqvj nbv 4. Avcbvi bvg Kx? What is your name? gvbmgyk/bmbmgyk? 5. Avgvi bvg Ave`yjøvn My name is Abdullah. Bmwg Ave`yjøvn 6. Avcwb Kgb Av Qb? How are you? KvBdv nvjyk 7. Avwg fv jv AvwQ I am well. ZvBwq e 8. Avgvi kixi fv jv bv I am not well. jvmzz elvbi 9. Avcwb Kv_v n Z G m Qb? Where have you com from? wgb AvBbv wrbzv 10. Avwg evsjv `k n Z G mwq I came from Bangladesh. wrqzz wgb evsjv `k 11. Kx Rb G m Qb? Why have you come? wjv wrqzv? 12. evwo Z KvR Ki Z G mwq I have come to work as a domestic worker. wrqzz wjj AvgvAvj evbz 13. Kvb Kv úvwb Z PvKwi Kivi Rb G m Qb? Which company has you come to serve? wd AvAvwqZ kvwikvwz wrqzv wjj Avgvwj 14. Kv úvwbi bvg... The name of the Company is... Bmgyk kvwikvn Kv úvwbi wvkvbv Kx? What is the address of the kv Iqv IbIqvbyk company? kvwikvn? 16. Kv úvwbi wvkvbv... The address of the company is... IbIqvbyk kvwikvn Kvb wiμzwus G RwÝi gva g G m Qb? Through which Recruiting Agency have you been selected? 18. wiμzwus G RwÝi bvg... The name of Recruiting Agency is 19. cvm cvu I wu KU `Lvb Please show your passport and Ticket. weiqvwmzvwz AvBqvwZ IqvKvjvwZj BmwZK`vg wrqzv? Bmgy IqvKvjvwZj BmwZK`vg... nvwzj RvIqvh IqvZ ZvhwKiv 20. AbyMÖnc~e K GKUz ZvovZvwo Kiæb 21. Avwg mšw` wiqvj PvB I want Saudi Rials. AvMxi wiqvjvm mvdw` 22. Avcwb GLb h Z cv ib Please you may go now. dv`vj 23. ei niqvi iv Ív Kvbw` K? Where is the exit? AvBbvj gvlivr 24. ei niqvi iv Ív GB w` K This is the way to exit. nvrv ûqvj gvlivr 25. gvjcî MÖn Yi vb Kv_vq? Where is the luggage counter? AvBbv gi`d BmwZjvwgj nvkxevn Iqvj Avdvkvn? Please hurry up. Avqv¾vj wemvgv nvwzkzg 131

140 26. gvjcî MÖn Yi vb GBw` K This is the way to the luggage counter. nvrv ûqvj gvi`vd wj BmwZjvwgj nvwkevn Iqvj Avdvkvn 27. Avcwb wk GLv b Gqvi cv U PvKwi K ib? Do you serve here in the Airport? nvj AvšÍv ZvkZvwMjy wd nvrvj gvz vi 28. nü v, GLv b PvKwi Kwi Yes, I serve here. BBqvg AvkZvwMjy wd nvrvj gvz i 29. wb qvmkvix Kv úvwbi cöwzwbwa Avgv K MÖn Yi Rb Avm Q wk? Has the employer's Representative come to receive me? nvj Rvqv gygvw Qjy Qvwnwej Avgvj? 30. U vw vû Kv_vq? Where is the taxi stand? AvBbv gvikvdzz ZvKwm? 31. n Uw PvjK, wiqv` hv e wk? Hello, driver, will you go to Riyadh? Bqv mvwqkvz ZvKwm nvj ZvRnvey Bjvi wiqv`? 32. wiqv` hviqvi fvov KZ? What is the taxi fare Riyadh? Kvg DRivn wjiwiqv` 33. fvov 10 wiqvj The fare is 10 Rials Avkivn wiqvj 34. Avcbvi e envi Avgvi Kv Q Lye fv jv jv M I like your behaviour very much. KvjvgyKv Avnmvby wrïvb jv`vbqv 35. Lvevi nv Uj Kv_vq? Where are the restaurants? AvBbvj gvzqvg? 36. Avcwb Kx L Z cq ` K ib? What type of food do you like to have? gvrv Zzwneyi Avb ZvKzjv 37. Avwg fvz gvq L Z cq ` Kwi I like to take rice and fish. Avbv D wneeyi iæ¾v IqvmmvgvK 38. Avgvi R i n q Q I am suffering from fever. AvQvevwbj û v 39. Avgvi Wv³v ii Kv Q hviqv cö qvrb I need to go to a doctor. AvjvBqv Avb Avhnvev AvjvZZ vwee 40. Avcbvi Avi Kx Kx Amyweav nq? What are the other problems you face? AvBqvZz gymwkivzwj jvkv wmiqv nvrv? 41. Avwg wbqwgz L Z cvwi bv I cannot take any meals regularly. jv AvmZvwZDj AvKjv gviqvhevb 42. Avcbv K A kl ab ev` Thank you very much. ïkivb Rvwhjvb 9. Aviwe Ab vb cö qvrbxq fvlvq kãvewj μg evsjv Bs iwr evsjvq Aviwe D PviY 1. Kvco avqvi gwkb Washing Machine Avj gvmqvjvn/wgmqvjvn 2. ave I will wash AvMwQjy 3. Kvco Pvco Cloths Avj gvjvweq 132

141 4. avi Wash MvwQQj 5. Zvgv K wklve To teach you DÕAvwjgyKv 6. cøu jv Plates AvZevK 7. cøu avqvi gwkb Dish Washer wgmqvjvzzj AvZevK 8. Avgiv ˆZwi Kie We will make bv PbvB 9. bv Ív Breakfast Avj dzzzi 10. gvb μvi qf I fb Microwave Oven gvb μvi qf 11. fkzqvg wk bvi Vacuum Cleaner gybvhwhdwz LvIqvBqvn 12. Pzjv Oven Dyib 13. iæg Room Avj idvn 14. Bw Electric lron Avj wgkiqvn 15. cöwk Y Training AvZ Zv`wie 16. wkqy cwigvy Some evõ`v 17. Kvj Tomorrow Mv`vb 18. M nkîx /M wnbx Land lady ieÿvzzj evbz 19. mšívb Children eybvb 20. AvmevecÎ Furniture Avj AvQvQ 21. mw¾z Kiv n q Q Dressed hywq bvz 22. c` v Curtain AvmmvZv qi 23. kv Km Show case AvjKvbevZ 24. Pqvi Chair Avj Kvivwm 25. Uwej Table AvZZvIwqjvZ 26. LvU Cot Avmmvivwqi 27. wd«r Freeze AvQ&QvjvRvZ 28. Møvm Glass Avj Kze 29. Le ii KvMR News paper Avmmynd 30. Lvbvwcbv Foods Avj-AvKj I Avkïie 31. `k Country `vijvn 32. kni Town/City evjv` 33. iv Ív Road Z vwik 34. `vkvb Shop gvnvj 35. Kg j Place of Work gvrvjyj Avgvj 36. Awdm Office gvkzve 37. ^vmzg Welcome Avnjvb Iqv mvnjvb 38. gvinvev Marhaba gvinvev 133

142 10. Bs iwr fvlvq cö qvrbxq kãvewj μg Bs iwr evsjv A_ D PviY 1. Here GLv b ûbv 2. Please `qv K i wgb dv`wjk 3. Excuse me gvd Ki eb jvi QvgvnZzg 4. One moment GK gyn~z jvnhvn 5. Get up Nyg n Z I V BqvQZvBwKhy 6. Newspaper msev`cî Rvwi`vn 7. He takes bath m Mvmj K i BqvMZvwQjy 8. You take bath Zzwg Mvmj Ki ZvMZvwQjy 9. Dress cvkvk gvjvweq 10. Period of work Kv Ri mgq gyïvzzj Avgj 11. Daily cöz n BqvIwgq vb 12. Lunch `ycy ii Lvevi Avj Mv`v 13. Marketing KbvKvUv Kiv AvZZvQIwqK 14. Dinner iv Zi Lvevi Avj Avkv 15. I have prepared ˆZwi K iwq RvnnvhZz 16. Breakfast bv Ív Avj dzzzi 17. Guest gngvb AvÏyqyd 18. Doctor Wv³vi AvZZ vexe 19. Nurse bvm / mwekv Avj gygviwi`vn 20. What happened to you? Avcbvi Kx n q Q? gvwekv? 21. Injury AvNvZ c q Qb? DwPeZv 22. On head gv_vq wd AviivQ 23. On knee nuvuz Z wd Avi iƒkevn 24. On Chest ey K wd AvQ Q`i 25. On fingers AvOy j wd Avj BQev 26. Leg cv q wd Avi wirj 27. On nose bv K wd Avj Avbd 28. Not serious mvgvb / gvgywj evwqz 29. Besides Bnv Qvov MvBiæ nvwhwn 30. Don t be afraid fq Ki eb bv jv ZvLvd 31. Where is the doctor? Wv³vi Kv_vq? AvBbv AvZ Zvwee? 32. The matter e vcviwu Avj Avgi 33. (Doctor) is available Av Q gvirỳ 34. Have patience ˆah aiæb BQwei 35. Now GLb Avj Avb 134

143 36. Pain e _v Avjvg 37. Serious KwVb kvw`` 38. On the back wc V wd Rvnwi 39. Care me Avgv K mȳ Kiæb Avkwdwb 40. Oh! Lord n cöfy Bqv ie 41. May Allah care you Zvgv K Avjøvn mȳ Kiæb kvdvkvjøvn 42. Hand nvz Avj Bqv` 43 Ear Kvb Avj Dhb 44 Eye PvL Avj AvBb 45 Skin Pvgov Avj wrj` 46 Elbow KbyB Avj wgidvk 47 Heart ü`q Avj K vje 48 Liver KwjRv Avj Kvwe` 49 Toe nv Zi Zvjy Avj Kvd 50 Belly cu Avj evz b 51 Forehead Kcvj AvjRvweb 52 Lip VuvU Avkkvdvn 53 Back wcv Avh-hvne 54 Thigh Eiæ/ivb Avh-dvwLh 55 Two ears `yb Kvb Avh-DhybvBb 56 Two legs `yb cv Avh- wirjvbb 57 Two eyes `yb PvL Avh-AvBbvBb 58 Two hands `yb nvz Avh- Bqv`vBb 59 Two kness `yb nuvuz Avh-iæKevZvBb 60 Clinic wk wbk/wpwkrmvjq gymzvdqvd 61 Lab test cix v, wbix v dvnq 62 Medical test Wv³vwi cix v wzweÿ 63 Residence Permit emev mi AbygwZ Avj BKvgvn 64 Passport cvm cvu RvIqvh mdi 65 Letter cî /wpwv wlzve 66 Sponsor wb qvmkz v Avj Kvwdj 67 Diagnosis ivm wby q Kvkd 68 Chest eyk Avm m`i 69 Test (Analysis) we klvwqz cix v Zvnwjj 70 Blood i³ Av``g 71 Kindly `qv K i wgb dv`wjk 135

144 72 Give me Avgv K `vi AvÕwZbx 73 Prescription Wv³v ii Dc `k IqvivKvn 74 Kindly/Please `qv K i wgb dv`wjkv 75 Chair Pqvi KziwQ 76 Technician UKwbwkqvb dvwbœ 77 Laboratory j ve iuwi gylzvevi 78 Medical wpwkrmvwe` v welqk wz ewe 79 Specialist we klá AvwLQ&Qvwq 80 Urine cömªve Avj-evDj 81 Spoon PvgP wgjõavkvn 82 Knife Qywi wqw b 83 Bread iæwu LyeRyb 84 Fried egg wwg fvwr evq`yb gvqjyk 85 Boiled egg wm wwg evq`yb gykwjdb 86 Cheese cwbi Ryeb 87 Milk `ya nvwje 88 Butter gvlb Rye`vn 89 Oil Zj hvqzzb 90 Olives RjcvB RvqZzb 91 Chicken gyiwmi ev Pv `yrvr 92 Rice fvz/pvdj iæh 93 Chicken with rice fv Zi mv _ gyiwm `yrvr gvavi iæh 94 Rice with meat gvs mi mv _ fvz iæh gvõav Avj jvng 95 Tomato salad U g Uvi mvjv` QvjvZvn evb`yivn 96 Vegetable salad mewri mvjv` QvjvZvn Lỳ vi 97 Vegetable soup mewri mÿ c ïievn Lỳ vi 98 Chicken soup wp Kb mÿ c ïievn `yrvr 99 Grilled chicken wmöj wp Kb dvi iær gvkiqx 100 Fried chicken d«vbw wp Kb dvi iær gvkjx 101 Meat gvsm/ Mv Í jvnvg 102 Food Lvevi AvKj/AvZZÕqvg 103 Mango Avg AvgevR 104 Orange Kgjv eyizzkvj 105 Onion wcuqvr evqvj 106 Potato Mvj Avjy evzvzv 107 Egg wwg evq`yb 108 Melon ZigyR wewël 136

145 109 Date LRyi Zvgvi 110 Apple Av cj Zzddvn 111 Nut ev`vg RvDh 112 Plun Avjy evlviv LvIL 113 Margerin gvlb Qvgb 114 Lentil gmywi Wvj Av`vQ 115 Honey gay AvQvj 116 Dinner iv Zi Lvevi Avkv 117 Lemon jey wjgyb 118 Water cvwb gv 119 Banana Kjv gvdh 120 Drink cvbxq kvive 121 Thirsty wccvmv AvZvQ 122 Coffee Kwd KvnIqv 123 Juice Rym AvwQi 124 Apple Juice Av cj Rym AvwQi Zzddvn 125 Soft drink Kvgj cvbxq gyivëvevz 126 Mineral Water wgbv ij IqvUvi wgqv gvõw`wbq vn 127 Suit mÿ U evrjvn 128 Trousers UªvDRvi evbzvjyb 129 Pajama cvqrvgv evqhvgv 130 Skirt vu Zvbbyivn 131 Jacket R v KU RvwKZ 132 Sock gvrv RvIive 133 Button evzj hyi 134 Belt eë gybœvi 135 Bed sheet weqvbvi Pv`i kvikvd 136 Hat Kvnx Uzwc KzeeÕAvn 137 Gloves Møvf&m& Kzddvh 138 Cloth/Fabric Kvco Kzgvk 139 Shirt kvu K vwgq 140 Coat KvU gyõavëvd 141 Towel Zvqv i wgbkvdvn 142 Hand kerchief nvz iægvj wgbw`j 143 Door `irv eve 144 Furniture dvwb Pvi AvQvQ 145 Refrigerator iwd«rv iui eviiv`/qvjøvrvn 137

146 146 Television Uwjwfkb Zvjwd whqyb 147 Bathroom MvmjLvbv nv vg 148 Radio iwwi ivw`qy/wghbqv 149 Carpets Kv c U Qv¾v` 150 Bed weqvbv Qvwii 151 Window Rvbvjv ïeÿvk 152 Soap mvevb Qveyb 153 Plate cøu/_vjv Qvnb 154 Table Uwej ZvI qjvn 155 Pot cvwzj ZvbRvivn 156 Mattress g Uªm wdivk 157 Room K idvz 158 Dining room WvBwbs iæg/lvevi Ni idvzz Zqvg 159 Bed Room kqb K idvzz bvdg 160 Cup Kvc wdbrvb 161 Hall nj KvÕAvn 162 Blanket K ^j wjnvd 163 Mirror Avqbv wgiqvn 164 Comb wpiæbx gykz 165 Kitchen ivbœv Ni gvzevl 166 Pillow evwjk IQv`vn 138

147 cwiwkó: 2 KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ªmg~n μt bs cöwk Y cöwzôv bi bvg I wvkvbv dvb gvevbj 1. evsjv `k Bbw wudu Ae gwib UK bvjwr, bvivqbmä evsjv `k Rvg vb KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, wgicyi, XvKv , evsjv `k Kvwiqv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, wgicyi, XvKv , KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, bvwmivev`, PÆMÖvg , KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, mcyiv, ivrkvnx , KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, KvU evox, Kzwgjøv , KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, kªxas½b, dwi`cyi KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, K jr M U, iv½vgvwu , KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, ZwjMvwZ, Lyjbv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, gvmkv `v, gqgbwmsn KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, wbwk `viv, kvšívnvi ivw, e ov , KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, wm GÛ we ivw, ewikvj gwnjv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, bvwmivev`, PÆMÖvg gwnjv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, mcyiv, ivrkvnx gwnjv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, wm GÛ we ivw, ewikvj gwnjv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, ZwjMvwZ, Lyjbv kl dwrjvzz bœqv gywre gwnjv wuwuwm, wgicyi, XvKv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, ZvjyK a `vm, iscyi KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, j²xbv_cyi, cvebv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, ejwuqv, Rvgvjcyi KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, cuzqvlvjx m`i, cuzqvlvjx

148 22. KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, Lyjbv evmó vû msjmœ, h kvi KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, Avjgcyi, wm ju KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, gvzv mvmi, klcyiv, w`bvrcyi KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, bmi Rvj d, Uv½vBj KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, PŠonvm, wewmk ivw, Kzwóqv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, Mveyqv, bvqvlvjx KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, gnjv, ev `ievb KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, nhizcyi, KivbxMÄ KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, Aviccyi (K v WU K j Ri cv k), wsbvb`n KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, jvjgwbinvu KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, gvwmg bmi, j²xcyi gwnjv KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, Avjgcyi, wm ju KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, LvMovQwo KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, VvKziMuvI KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, PuvcvBbeveMÄ KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, wkecyi, biwms`x KvwiMwi cöwk Y K `ª, bjwv½v, bv Uvi

149 cwiwkó: 3 Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm (DEMO) Gi ZvwjKv Awd mi bvg I wvkvbv dvb b ^i B gbj Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, Kvjxevox ivw, ewikvj 0431/63643 demobarisal@bmet.org.bd Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, MvnvBj ivw, Lv `vi, e ov 0521/66962 demobogra@bmet.org.bd Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, wu ^vi UªW feb, Mvi vb gmwr` ivw, ev `ievb /62387 demobandarban@bmet.org.bd Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, 031/ wmwri wewìs bs 2, AvMÖvev`, PÆMÖvg demochittagong@bmet.org.bd Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, 081/65487 democomilla@bmet.org.bd SvDZjv, Kzwgjøv Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, Gwjd v U ivw, B vub Mv W b, XvKv Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, M vjvw feb (2q Zjv), M bkzjv, gw vb ivw, w`bvrcyi Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, hgybv feb, gvjøvevox ivw, dwi`cyi Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, fv Kkbvj gvo, erivcyi, Rvgvjcyi Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, cøu bs 64, m±i 2, nvwìs 5, wbdgv K U, XvKv ivw, h kvi Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, 46, cwj UKwbK ivw, Lvwjkcyi, Lyjbv Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, 10, wcwuavb ivw, Kzwóqv Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, 31, Rwm n ivw, gqgbwmsn Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, jvkx g vbkb, gvbrw` evrvi, bvqvlvjx Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, XvKv ivw, cvebv 02/ demodhaka@bmet.org.bd 0531/65059 demodinajpur@bmet.org.bd 0631/62620 demofaridpur@bmet.org.bd 0981/63160 demojamalpur@bmet.org.bd 0421/66916 demojessore@bmet.org.bd 041/ demokhulna@bmet.org.bd 071/73386 demokustia@bmet.org.bd 091/52296 demomymensingh@bmet.org,bd 0321/61312 demonoakhali@bmet.org.bd 0731/65408 demopabna@bmet.org.bd 141

150 Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, K jr ivw, ebvbx jb, cuzqvlvjx Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, wuwuwm K v úvm, mcyiv, ivrkvnx Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, werq miyx, Kvwj `xcyi, iv½vgvwu Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, ivw 5, evox 295, g~jvzjv, iscyi Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, wgr v wfjv, cvvvb Vvjv, wm ju Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, 26 Rjv ivw, AvKziUvKzi, Uv½vBj Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, K jr eªvâ ivw, ei bv Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, wwwe ivw (dvqvi mvwf m msjmœ), MvBevÜv Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, bvmov (Awdmvm KvqvU v ii cv k ), bî KvYv Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, wwwm Awd mi mvg b, MvcvjMÄ Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, Avkivdzj gwäj, 58/1, Kwe Mvjvg gv Ídv mok, Avivccyi, wsbvb`n Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, wbszg Øxc, _vbv KvDwÝj cvov, m`i nvmcvzvj ivw, PzqvWv½v Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, nvwjgv gwäj, kvwšíbmi, LvMovQwo Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, Kv i± iu feb, cwðg eªvþb`x, biwms`x Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm, wbd e ov ivw (Gg,G,gwZb mok), wmivrmä Rjv Kg ms vb I Rbkw³ Awdm MvBUvj, wk kvimä 0441/62140 demopotuakhali@bmet.org.bd 0721/ demorajsha hi@bmet.org.bd 0351/62252 demorangambmet@yahoo.com 0521/65429 demorangpur@bmet.org.bd 0821/ demosylhet@bmet.org.bd 0921/53395 demotangail@bmet.org.bd demoborguna@bmet.org.bd demogaibandha@bmet.org.bd demonetrokona@bmet.org.bd demogopalganj@bmet.org.bd demojhenaidah@bmet.org.bd demochuadanga@bmet.org.bd demokhagrachari@bmet.org.bd democoxsbazar@bmet.org.bd demonarshingdi@bmet.org.bd demosirajganj@bmet.org.bd 142